***Microbiology Chapter 23*** – Flashcards
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A patient exhibiting arthritis secondary to Lyme disease is likely in which phase of the infection?
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third
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Lyme disease is caused by ____________ and is transmitted by __________.
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B. burgdorferi; Ixodes
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Based on the concept map, which of the following must happen during Lyme disease?
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There is an adaptive immune response.
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Which of the following cell populations become plasma cells?
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B cells
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A patient has a skin ulcer from which a gram-negative bacillus is cultured. This patient has regional lymph nodes that are enlarged and filled with pockets of pus. He reports keeping pet rabbits. Which of the following is a possible diagnosis?
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tularemia
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In which of the following North American locations would you expect to find the highest incidence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi?
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Atlantic coast
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Which statement regarding the emerging viral hemorrhagic fevers is FALSE? A person may contract Lassa fever after exposure to the urine of an infected rodent. Hemorrhagic viruses cause profuse bleeding, and this helps to spread the infection. The symptoms of infection by hemorrhagic viruses are initially mild.
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Later symptoms of hemorrhagic viral infection include low-grade fever and severe, crippling joint pains.
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Which disease, resulting in damage to heart muscle or the nerves controlling peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract, is transmitted by the reduviid bug?
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Chagas' disease
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The development of which disease is promoted by mosquito-borne malarial infections?
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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As a child, Jamie suffered from rheumatic fever, which caused some major damage to one of her heart valves. She is OK, in general. However, she's been advised against getting body piercings, and her dentist gives her antibiotics before performing some dental procedures. What is the concern?
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Jamie is more likely to develop subacute bacterial endocarditis.
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Cats have been identified as an essential part of the life cycle for the protozoan that causes which disease?
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toxoplasmosis
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the disease schistosomiasis? Soil is the reservoir. This disease causes illness, but it is usually self-limiting and not fatal. There is no treatment.
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It can cause a variety of different problems, including urinary, intestinal, and neurological symptoms, depending on the particular species.
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Which of the following is FALSE concerning Clostridium species? They grow well in damaged tissues that are necrotic and have impaired blood flow. They can cause gas gangrene and septicemia. They grow only in anaerobic environments.
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Their main reservoir is rabbits.
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Which of the following statements about sepsis is FALSE? Lymphangitis may occur. Symptoms include fever and decreased blood pressure. It may be aggravated by antibiotics. It can be treated with antibiotics.
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It usually is caused by gram-positive bacteria.
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched? subacute bacterial endocarditis - alpha-hemolytic streptococci acute bacterial endocarditis - Staphylococcus aureus pericarditis - Streptococcus pyogenes Burkitt's lymphoma - Epstein-Barr virus
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puerperal sepsis - Staphylococcus aureus
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized form of anthrax? inhalationial gastrointestinal cutaneous None of the answers are correct; all of these are recognized forms of anthrax
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septic
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Which of the following is NOT typically treated with penicillin? anthrax rat-bite fever pericarditis animal bites
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puerperal sepsis
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Which of the following statements about tularemia is FALSE? It may be transmitted by arthropods. It may be transmitted by direct contact. It is caused by Francisella tularensis. The most common reservoir is rabbits.
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It occurs only in California.
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Which of the following is a symptom of brucellosis?
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undulant fever
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bacillus anthracis? found in soil forms endospores is aerobic is gram-positive
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produces endotoxins
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The symptoms of gas gangrene are due to all of the following EXCEPT necrotizing exotoxins. proteolytic enzymes. microbial fermentation. hyaluronidase.
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endocarditis
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Which of the following bacterial infections CANNOT be transmitted by dog or cat bites? Pasteurella multocida Bartonella henselae Fusobacterium None of the answers is correct; all of these bacterial infections can be transmitted by dog or cat bites.
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Streptobacillus
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched? malaria - Anopheles (mosquito) dengue - Aedes (mosquito) epidemic typhus - Pediculus (louse) Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Dermacentor (tick)
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encephalitis - Ixodes (tick)
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Unsanitary and crowded conditions increase the incidence of all of the following diseases EXCEPT relapsing fever. epidemic typhus. plague. endemic murine typhus.
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
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A patient presents with inflammation of the heart valves, fever, malaise, and subcutaneous nodules at joints. The recommended treatment is
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anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Which of the following statements about puerperal sepsis is FALSE? It is caused by health care personnel. Its frequency of occurrence has decreased because of antibiotics and aseptic techniques. It is a complication of abortion or childbirth. It begins as a focal infection.
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It is transmitted from mother to fetus.
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Which of the following statements about rheumatic fever is FALSE? It is an inflammation of the joints. It is an inflammation of the heart. It is a complication of a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. The incidence has declined in the last ten years.
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It is rarely fatel, even when untreated.
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Bacillus gram-positive endospore-forming rods Rickettsia intracellular parasite Brucella gram-negative aerobic rods None of the pairs is mismatched.
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Francisella gram-positive facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic coccirods
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Borrelia - relapsing fever Spirillum - rat-bite fever Yersinia - plague Streptobacillus - rat-bite fever
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Pasteurella - cat-scratch disease
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Human-to-human transmission of plague is usually by
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the respiratory route.
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A characteristic symptom of plague is
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swollen lymph nodes.
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A predisposing factor for infection by Clostridium perfringens is
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gangrene.
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Which of the following is NOT a zoonosis? tularemia anthrax brucellosis Hantavirus infection
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puerperal sepsis
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Arthropods can serve as a reservoir for all of the following diseases EXCEPT epidemic typhus. malaria. plague. yellow fever.
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brucellosis.
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched? brucellosis - a temperature of 40°C each evening toxoplasmosis - congenital brain damage tularemia - a localized infection appearing as a small ulcer Borrelia - rash and flulike
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cat-scratch disease - malignant pustule developing into septicemia
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Which of the following leads to all the others?
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bacterial growth in endothelial cells
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Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched for Gram reaction? Lyme disease - gram-negative Rocky Mountain spotted fever - gram-negative anthrax - gram-positive tularemia - gram-negative
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Ehrlichia - gram-positive
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Which of the following is evidence that the arthritis afflicting children in Lyme, Connecticut, was due to bacterial infection?
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treatable with penicillin
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Which of the following statements about group B streptococci is false? They cause gram-positive sepsis. They cause neonatal sepsis. They are classified as Streptococcus agalactiae. They are present in healthy carriers.
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They cause strep throat.
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Which of the following can be transmitted from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta?
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cytomegalovirus
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Which of the following is NOT treated with antibiotics? tularemia plague Lyme disease anthrax
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ebola
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Which of the following produces a permanent carrier state following infection?
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cytomegalovirus
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Epstein-Barr virus has been implicated in all of the following EXCEPT Burkitt's lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease. infectious mononucleosis. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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endocarditis
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Which of the following is NOT transmitted in raw milk? listeriosis brucellosis anthrax All of these can be transmitted in raw milk.
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toxoplasmosis
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Which of the following statements about toxoplasmosis is FALSE? It is caused by a protozoan. The reservoir is cats. It can be congenital. It is transmitted by the gastrointestinal route.
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It is a severe illness in adults.
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Which of the following pairs does NOT apply to Chagas' disease? vector - kissing bug reservoir - rodents treatment - nifurtimox causative agent - Trypanosoma cruzi
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diagnosis of acute phase - serological tests for antibodies
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Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacterium? relapsing fever epidemic typhus plague tickborne typhus
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malaria
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Which of the following pairs regarding the epidemiology of malaria is mismatched? diagnosis - presence of merozoites etiology - Plasmodium found in liver - sporozoites vector - Anopheles
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treatment - antibiotics
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Which of the following CANNOT be transmitted to humans from domestic cats?
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Chagas' disease
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You advise your pregnant friend to give her cat away because she could contract
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toxoplasmosis
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Scrapings from a patient's rash reveal cercariae. The disease is most likely
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swimmer's itch.
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Which of the following is NOT controlled by a mosquito eradication program? chikungunya fever yellow fever malaria dengue fever
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schistosomiasis
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Netting modified for sandflies should also be useful in preventing malaria
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True
