Microbiology Flashcard
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| gp120 |
answer
| docking protein; envelope protein, attachment to host T cell |
question
| gp41 |
answer
| transmembrane, envelope protein; fusion and entry |
question
| env gene |
answer
| gp120 and gp41 |
question
| gag gene |
answer
| capsid protein p24 |
question
| pol gene |
answer
| reverst transcriptase |
question
| immunity to HIV |
answer
| homozygous CCR5 mutation |
question
| HIV virus binds ___ or ___ on T cells |
answer
| CXCR4 or CCR5 |
question
| HIV binds ___ on macropages |
answer
| CCR5 |
question
| HIV diagnosis |
answer
| ELISA (highly sensitive) and confirmed with western blot (highly specific) |
question
| HIV/PCR/viral load |
answer
| monitory effect of drug therapy, newborns |
question
| AIDS dx |
answer
| CD4 < 200 with aids defining illness |
question
| acute HIV |
answer
| wide dissemination of virus, seeding of lymphoid organs, first couple months |
question
| clinical latency |
answer
| several years |
question
| 4 stages of HIV infection |
answer
| Fluelike (acute), feeling fine (latent), falling count, final crisis |
question
| HIV with fever, cough and hepatosplenomegaly |
answer
| histoplasma capsulatum; CD4 <100 |
question
| HIV with fluffy cottage-cheese lesions, pseudohyphae |
answer
| Candida; CDF < 400 esophageal if <100 |
question
| HIV with superficial vascular proliferation; biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation |
answer
| bartonella henselae (bacillary angiomatosis) |
question
| HIV with CD4 <200 with chronic, watery diarrhea |
answer
| cryptosporidium |
question
| HIV with encephalopay |
answer
| JC virus |
question
| HIV with ring enhancing brain abscess |
answer
| toxoplasma gondii |
question
| HIV with meningitis |
answer
| cryptococcus |
question
| HIV with retinitis and cotton wool spots |
answer
| CMV |
question
| HIV with retinitis and cotton wool spots |
answer
| CMV |
question
| HIV with neoplastic proliferation of vasculature |
answer
| kaposi with HHV8 |
question
| HIV with hairy leuoplakia |
answer
| EBV |
question
| HIV with non-hodgkin lymphoma |
answer
| EBV |
question
| HIV with squamous cell carcinoma of anus or cervix |
answer
| HPV |
question
| HIV with primary CNS lymphoma |
answer
| EBV |
question
| HIV with interstitial pneumonia |
answer
| CMV |
question
| HIV with pleuritic pain, hemptysis, infiltrates |
answer
| aspergillus |
question
| HIV with CD4 < 200 and pneumonia |
answer
| pneumocystis jiroveci |
question
| HIV with TB like disease with CD4 < 50 |
answer
| MAC |
question
| Hepatitis: RNA picornavirus |
answer
| HAV |
question
| Hepatitis: fecal-oral |
answer
| HAV, HEV |
question
| Hepatitis: short incubation |
answer
| HAV, HEV |
question
| Hepatitis: no HCC risk |
answer
| HAV, HEV |
question
| Hepatitis: usually asymptomatic or acute |
answer
| HAV |
question
| Hepatitis: DNA hepadna |
answer
| HBV |
question
| Hepatitis: parenteral |
answer
| HBV, HDV |
question
| Hepatitis: sexual |
answer
| HBV, HDV |
question
| Hepatitis: maternal-fetal |
answer
| HBV, HDV |
question
| Hepatitis: long incubation |
answer
| HBV, HCV |
question
| Hepatitis: HCC risk |
answer
| HBV (acts as oncogene) and HCV (chronic inflammtion) |
question
| Hepatitis: RNA flavivirus |
answer
| HCV |
question
| Hepatitis: blood transmission |
answer
| HCV |
question
| Hepatitis: IVDU |
answer
| HCV |
question
| Hepatitis: chronic |
answer
| HCV |
question
| Hepatitis: no carrier state |
answer
| HAV, HEV |
question
| Hepatitis: depends on HbsAg |
answer
| HDV |
question
| Hepatitis: RNA delta virus |
answer
| HDV |
question
| Hepatitis: RNA hepevirus |
answer
| HEV |
question
| Hepatitis: high mortality in pregnancy |
answer
| HEV |
question
| HBV: signifies active disease |
answer
| HbsAg |
question
| HBV: signifies recovery |
answer
| anti-HbsAg |
question
| HBV: shows new disease |
answer
| HBcAg |
question
| HBV: history of disease |
answer
| anti-HBcAg |
question
| HBV: high transmissibility |
answer
| HBeAg |
question
| HBsAg +, HBeAg +, anti-HBcAb IgM + |
answer
| acute HBV |
question
| anti-HBcAb + |
answer
| window period |
question
| HBsAg +, HBeAg +, anti-HBcAb IgG + |
answer
| chronic HBV with high infectivity |
question
| HBsAG +, anti-HBeAb +, anti-HBcAb + |
answer
| chronic HBV, low infectivity |
question
| anti-HBsAb, anti-HBeAb +, anti-HBcAb + |
answer
| recovery |
question
| only anti-HBsAb + |
answer
| immunized |
question
| viral recombination |
answer
| exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of significant base sequence homology |
question
| reassortment |
answer
| viruses with segmented genres exchange segments; causes influenza pandemics |
question
| complementation |
answer
| when 1 of 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein; the non mutated virus complements the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses |
question
| phentypic mixing |
answer
| with simultaneous infection with 2 viruses; |
question
| live attenuated vaccines - immunity ilicited - examples |
answer
| - humoral and cell mediated - smallpox, yellow fever, chicken pox, sabin's polio, MMR |
question
| killed vaccines - immunity ilicited - examples |
answer
| - humoral only - rabies, influenxa, salk poilio and HAV |
question
| recombinant vacines examples |
answer
| HBV, HPV |
question
| DNA viral genomes: - ds or ss- linear or circular? |
answer
| - all ds except parvovirus B19 - all linear except papilloma, polyoma and hepadna |
question
| RNA viral genomes: - ss or ds- positive sense examples |
answer
| - all ss except reoviridae - retro, toga, flavi, corona, hepe, calici and picorna |
question
| naked viral genome infectivity |
answer
| require enzymes contained in the complete vision for infectivity |
question
| are viruses diploid or haploid? |
answer
| all haploid except retroviruses |
question
| viral replication: - DNA - RNA |
answer
| - all in nucleus except poxvirus - all in cytoplasm except influenza and retroviruses |
question
| naked viruses |
answer
| calici, picorna, reo, parvo, adeno, papilloma and polyoma |
question
| where does the herpes envelope come from? |
answer
| nucleus |
question
| icisahedral DNA viruses |
answer
| all except pox |
question
| DNA viruse examples |
answer
| HHHAPPPPy = hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, polyoma, papilloma, parvovirus |
question
| types of herpes viruses |
answer
| HSV1, HSV2, HHV3 = VZV; HHV4= EBV, HHV5 = CMV, HHV6 = roseola, HHV7 =insignificant, HHV8 = kaposi |
question
| hepadnavirus example |
answer
| HBV |
question
| adenovirus diseases |
answer
| febrile pharyngitis, acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis |
question
| parvovirus B19 symptoms |
answer
| aplastic crises; slapped cheeks in children; RA like symptoms in adults |
question
| HPV - wart subtypes - cervical cancer subtypes |
answer
| - 1, 2, 6 and 11 - 16, and 18 |
question
| types of polyomaviruses |
answer
| JC virus= PML BK virus= transplant patients in kidney |
question
| types of poxviruses |
answer
| smallpox, vaccinia (cowpox), and molluscum contagious |
question
| flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple |
answer
| molluscum contagiosum |
question
| temporal lobe encephlitis |
answer
| HSV1 |
question
| latent in: - trigeminal ganglia - sacral tanglia - dorsal root ganglia |
answer
| - HSV1, VZV - HSV2 - VZV |
question
| spread by respiratory secretions |
answer
| HSV1, EBV, VZV |
question
| owls eye inclusions |
answer
| CMV |
question
| monospot negative mono |
answer
| CMV |
question
| retinitis in AIDS patients |
answer
| CMV |
question
| high fevers for several days then diffuse macular rash |
answer
| HHV6; roseola |
question
| tzanck test |
answer
| smear of vesicle shows multinucleate giant cells; for HSV1, 2 and VZV |
question
| cowdry A inclusions |
answer
| HSV1, and 2 |
question
| atypical lymphocytes: B or T cells? |
answer
| T cells that are reactive to the infected B cells |
question
| heterophile antiodies |
answer
| detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs in EBV |
question
| cancers with EBV |
answer
| burkitts, hodgkins, nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
question
| medically important reoviruses |
answer
| coltivirus and rotavirus; DS! |
question
| #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children |
answer
| rotavirus |
question
| medically important pirocnraviruses |
answer
| polio, echo, rhino, coxsackie and HAV |
question
| aseptic meningitis |
answer
| echovirus, coxsackie, mumps and enterovirus |
question
| hand foot and mouth disease |
answer
| coxsackievirus |
question
| medically important hepevirus |
answer
| HEV |
question
| medically important calicivirus |
answer
| Norwalk virus = viral gastroenteritis |
question
| medically important flaviviruses |
answer
| HCV, yellow fever, dengue, st louis encephalitis and west nile virus |
question
| medically important togaviruses |
answer
| rubella, easter equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis |
question
| medically important retroviruses |
answer
| HIV and HTLV |
question
| medically important paramyxoviruses |
answer
| parainfluenza, RSV, rubella and mumps |
question
| medically important filoviruses |
answer
| ebola/marburg hemorrhagic fever |
question
| medically important arenaviruses |
answer
| LCMV and lassa fever encephalitis |
question
| encephalitis from mice |
answer
| lassa fever |
question
| medically important bunyaviruses |
answer
| california encphalitis, sandfly/rift valley fevers, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus |
question
| medically important deltavirus |
answer
| HDV |
question
| negative strand viruses |
answer
| arenavirus, bunyaviruses, paramyxoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, filoviruses and rhabdoviruses |
question
| segmented viruses |
answer
| bunyaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, arenaviruses and reoviruses |
question
| enteroviruses |
answer
| fecal oral = polio, echo, coxsackie and HAV |
question
| rhinovirus disease |
answer
| common cold >100 serologic types |
question
| rhinovirus: acid stable or labile? |
answer
| labile |
question
| yellow fever - transmission - symptoms |
answer
| -Aedes mosquito - high fever, black vomit and jaundice |
question
| rotavirus - epidemiology - mechanism |
answer
| - inter months in day care centers - vilous destruction with atrophy leads to dec absorption of Na and water |
question
| influenza virus - virulence factors - inc risk of - vacine |
answer
| - hemagglutinin (viral entry) and neuraminidase (virion release) - bacterial superinfection - killed with 2A and 1B |
question
| genetic shift vs drift |
answer
| shift = reassortment of viral genomes drift= minor changes with random mutation |
question
| symptoms of rubella |
answer
| fever, postauricular adenopathy, LAD, arthralgias, truncal rash that starts at head and moves down |
question
| symptoms of parainfluenza |
answer
| seal-like barking cough |
question
| symptoms of RSV |
answer
| bronchiolitis, pneumonia in infants |
question
| virulence of paryamysoviruses |
answer
| surface F protein which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleate cells |
question
| symptoms of measles |
answer
| kplic spots, cough coryza and conjunctivitis; descending maculopapular rash |
question
| measles complications |
answer
| SSPE, encephalitis and giant cell pneumonia (IS) |
question
| symptoms of mumps |
answer
| parotitis, orchitis and aseptic meningitis; can cause sterility |
question
| negri bodies |
answer
| rabies virus |
question
| symptoms of rabies |
answer
| fever, malaise -> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia -> paralysis , coma -> death |
question
| bullet shaped capsid |
answer
| rabies virus |
question
| mechanism of rabies |
answer
| travels to CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up nerve axons |
question
| prions |
answer
| PrPc -> PrPsc = transmissible; dementia ataxia and death with spongiform encephalopathy |
