Micro Chapter 1 – A Brief History of Microbiology
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a nucleus
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The difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is the presence or absence of __________.
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Modify or reject the hypothesis
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What is the next step in the scientific method if it is determined that a hypothesis is not supported by the evidence from experimentation?
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how the body defends itself from invading microbes
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Immunology is the study of __________.
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1. Observation of a phenomenon 2. Generations of a hypothesis 3. Testing and experimentation 4. Revision of a hypothesis
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Scientific method in order
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Chromosomes
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Which of the following is not a cellular structure associated with movement?
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A tapeworm
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Which of the following is not an example of a microorganism?
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characterization of the tissues and organs of the human body
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The study of microbiology involves all of the following except __________.
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fungi
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The cottony growth often seen on cheese, bread, and jams is an example of which of the following?
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fermentation
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The conversion of fruit juices into wine involves a microbial process called __________.
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Algae
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Seaweeds and kelps are among the largest members of which one of the following groups of organisms?
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being the founder of modern nursing, founding the first school of nursing, and setting a high standard for hygiene during the Crimean War
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Florence Nightingale is remembered for __________.
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theory
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A scientific explanation that has been repeatedly verified over many years is usually called a(n) __________.
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A mushroom
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Which of the following is a common example of a fungus?
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Viruses
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Which of the following microbes is generally the smallest?
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Mechanisms of disease
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Hippocrates would have been most interested in which of the following areas of microbiology?
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Algae
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Which of the following types of microbes is a common sight on the surfaces of freshwater ponds and lakes?
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"The undercooked chicken my roommate ate may have caused the illness."
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Which of the following statements is a scientific hypothesis?
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Some eukaryotic organisms have cells with no cell wall.
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Which of the following is a true statement concerning eukaryotic organisms?
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Aristotle
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The Greek philosopher responsible for the earliest theories concerning the origins of living things was __________.
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He developed the first microscope.
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What was Leeuwenhoek's contribution to the science of microbiology?
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Jenner
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All of the following individuals showed that cleanliness played a role in human disease EXCEPT __________.
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Pasteur
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Who studied fermentation?
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a bacterium had been proven to cause a disease
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Koch's work involving anthrax was significant because it was the first time __________.
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methods of disease transmission
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Which of the following is NOT a growing area of microbial study?
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algae
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a fungus?
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Needham
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Whose experiments supported the existence of a "life force"?
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1. The suspected infectious agent must be found in every case of the disease. 2. The suspected infectious agent must be isolated and grown outside the host. 3. The suspected infectious agent causes the disease when it is introduced to a healthy, experimental host. 4. The suspected infectious agent must be found in the diseased experimental host.
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Put the following steps of Koch's postulates in order:
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bioremediation
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Which of the following refers to the use of bacteria or other microbes to detoxify pollutants?
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They have no nucleus.
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How are the bacteria and the archaea different from all the other cellular microbes?
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he eliminated air from his flasks by sealing them
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Spallanzani's experiments concerning spontaneous generation were NOT universally accepted because __________.
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environmental microbiology
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Which field of microbiology involves the study of microorganisms in their natural habitats?
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they cause diseases that are diagnosed by finding microscopic eggs in clinical specimens
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Microbiologists study parasitic worms because __________.
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Gram: cholera
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Which of the following are paired INCORRECTLY?
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bioremediation
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Which of the following fields of modern microbiology is NOT directly concerned with the genetic characteristics of a cell?
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fungus
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A microorganism has the following characteristics: eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and grows in long filaments. What is its general classification?
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bacterium
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You have isolated a microorganism that is green, photosynthetic, has a cell wall, and does NOT possess a nucleus. This organism is a(n) __________.
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recombinant DNA technology
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Which of the following techniques could be used to produce a yeast capable of making viral proteins?
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They both explored the use of chemicals in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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What did the work of Lister and Ehrlich have in common?
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While some bacteria are pathogenic to humans, no archaea are known to cause human diseases.
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Which of the following is a true statement concerning bacteria and archaea?
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They are unicellular.
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Which of the following is a trait shared by both archaea and protozoa?
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They are eukaryotic. They are studied by microbiologists. They are multicellular.
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What characteristic is shared by both molds and parasitic worms?
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acellular
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Viruses are unlike other infectious agents studied by microbiologists in that they are _______________.
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An organism too small to be seen without a microscope.
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Microorganism/Microbe
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A system for naming and grouping similar organisms together.
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Taxonomic System
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Prokaryotic microorganisms typically having cell walls composed of peptidoglycan. In Woese's taxonomy, domain which includes all prokaryotic cells having bacterial rRNA sequences.
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Bacteria
