Micro buzzwords – Flashcards
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| Bacillary angiomatosis |
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| Bartonella henselae |
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| “Black poison” |
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| Visceral Leishmaniasis |
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| Blackwater fever |
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| malaria |
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| Blueberry muffin baby |
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| Rubella |
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| Break-bone fever |
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| Dengue |
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| Bull’s-eye rash |
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| Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi |
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| Downey cell (atypical lymphocyte) |
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| EBV, CMV |
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| Eggs with lateral spine |
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| Schistosome mansoni |
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| Eggs with terminal spine |
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| Schistosome haematobium |
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| Heterophile antibody |
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| EBV |
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| Hypnozoite |
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| P. vivax |
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| Maltese cross |
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| Babesia spp |
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| Morula |
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| Ehrlichia and Anaplasma |
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| Owl’s-eye inclusion |
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| CMV |
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| Rabbit fever |
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| Francella Tularemia |
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| Rash on hands/feet spreads to trunk |
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| Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii) |
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| Ring forms inside RBCs |
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| P. falciparum: |
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| Romana sign |
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| T. cruzi: |
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| Safety-pin (bipolar) staining |
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| Yersinias pestis |
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| Sausage-shaped gametocyte |
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| P. falciparum: |
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| Schuffner dots |
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| P. vivax, P. ovale |
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| Rash on trunk that goes outwards |
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| R. prowazeki |
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| Rustic log cabin |
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| Relapsing fever: Borrelia recurrentis |
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| Hawaii and surfing |
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| Leptospira interrogans |
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| Organism w/ hooked ends |
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| Leptospira interrogans |
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| sandfly |
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| Leishmania Bartonella bacilliformis |
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| Broad-based budding yeast |
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| Blastomyces |
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| Bull neck |
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| Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
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| Catcher’s stance |
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| Haemophilus influenza type B |
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| Cherry red epiglottis |
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| Hemophilus influenzae |
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| Cold-agglutinin positive |
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| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| Consumption |
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| Old name for Tuberculosis |
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| Cottage-cheese granuloma |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| Currant jelly sputum |
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| Dented helmets |
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| Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP) |
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| Downey cell |
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| Herpes virus causing pharyngitis, Epstein-Barr virus: heterophile positive; Cytomegalovirus: heterophile negative |
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| Farmer’s lung |
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| Allergic aspergillosis/hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Thermophilic Actinoyces spp.; Acute damage by cytokines, type III HSR, may be type IV also |
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| Fungal ball |
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| Aspergillosis (aspergilloma) |
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| Grape-like smell in culture |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Green sputum in cystic fibrosis patient |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| Grows on chocolate agar, not on blood agar |
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| Haemophilus influenza |
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| Heterophile antibody-positive |
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| Epstein-Barr virus |
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| Kidney bean-shaped diplococci |
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| Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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| Koplik spot |
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| Measles – paramyxovirus, negative sense, ssRNA, enveloped helical |
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| Lancet-shaped diplococci |
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| Streptococcus pneumonia |
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| Many PMNs in sputum, no organisms seen |
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| Atypical pneumonia: M. pneumonia, |
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| Mediastinal widening |
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| Bacillus anthracis |
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| Nonfermenter |
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| Acinetobater, Bordatella, Burkholderia, Legionella, Moraxella, Pseudomonas |
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| Owl’s eye inclusion |
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| CMV: heterophile negative |
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| Parrot fever |
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| Chlamydophila psittaci |
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| Pilot’s wheel |
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| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
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| Rabbit fever |
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| Francisella tularensis, buffered charcoal yeast agar, cysteine glucose blood agar |
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| Rust-colored sputum |
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| Streptococcus pneumonia, Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke) – sputum will also have parasitic eggs |
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| Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
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| Ixodes ticks |
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| Babesia microti |
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| Black legged tick (Ixodes tick) |
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| Borrelia burgdorferi |
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| •Vector: tick: Ixodes scapularis |
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| Dengue virus |
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| •Vector: Aedes mosquito. |
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| Loa loa |
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| Chrysops fly |
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| Onchocerca volvulus |
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| Female blackflies |
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| Plasmodium species |
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| Mosquito (Anopheles) |
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| Rickettsia prowazekii |
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| •Vector: human body louse and fleas |
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| Rickettsia rickettsii |
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| •Vector: Rocky mounted wood tick (D. andersoni) |
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| Trypanosoma brucei |
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| Tsetse fly |
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| Trypanosoma cruzi |
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| Vector: reduviid (triatomine) bugs, aka kissing-bug |
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| West Nile virus |
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| Mosquito |
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| Yellow fever virus |
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| •Vector Aedis aegypti mosquito |
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| Yersinia pestis |
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| Flea transmit it to prairie dogs and rodents |
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| Bartonella bacilliformis |
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| Sandfly |
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| Borrelia recurrentis |
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| Human body louse |
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| Brugia malayi |
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| mosquito |
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| Chikungunya virus |
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| Aedes mosquito |
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| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever |
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| ticks |
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| Ehrlichia chaffeensis |
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| Vector: black legged deer tick |
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| Francisella tularensis |
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| Rabbits |
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| Japanese encephalitis virus |
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| Mosquito |
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| Leishmania braziliensis |
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| Sandfly |
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| Leishmania donovani |
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| Sandfly |
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| Orientia tsutsugamushi |
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| •Vector: mite (chigger) |
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| Rickettsia akari |
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| •Vector: mites |
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| Rickettsia typhi |
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| Vector flea |
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| Rift Valley fever |
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| mosquitos |
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| St. Louis encephalitis virus |
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| •Vector: Culex mosquito |
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| Wuchereria bancrofti |
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| mosquito |
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| Bartonella quintana |
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| •Vector: body louse (humans in over crowded situations) |
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| Acid fast oocyst |
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| Cryptosporidiosis (C. parvum), Cyclospora cayetanensis (NOT common) |
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| Elliptical Acid fast oocyst |
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| Isospora belli |
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| Barrel shaped (football shaped) eggs with plugged ends |
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| Whipworm: Trichuris trichiura |
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| Beaver fever |
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| Giardia lamblia |
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| Black vomit |
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| Yellow fever |
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| Chronic diarrhea in AIDS patient |
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| Cryptosporidiosis (C. parvum) |
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| Clay pipestem fibrosis |
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| S. mansoni |
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| Colorless colonies on SMAC agar |
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| Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
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| Constipation |
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| S. typhi,, Clostridium botulinum |
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| Cysticercosis |
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| Pork Tapeworm: Taenia solium |
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| Dane particle |
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| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) |
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| Flask-shaped lesions |
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| Entamoeba histolytic |
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| Floppy baby syndrome |
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| Clostridium botulinum |
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| Gastric cancer |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| Growth at 4oC |
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| Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica |
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| Growth at 42oC |
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| Campylobacter jejuni |
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| HUS |
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| Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Shigella |
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| Hydatid cyst disease |
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| Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis |
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| Malabsorption syndrome |
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| Tropheryma whippelii, Giardia lamblia, Isospora belli, Giant Intestinal Fluke: Fasciolopsis buski |
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| Petting zoos |
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| Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
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| Pseudoappendicitis |
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| Yersinia enterocolitica |
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| Megaloblastic anemia |
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| Fish Tapeworm: Diphyllobothrium latum |
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| Montezuma's revenge |
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| Enteroinvasive E. coli (ETEC) |
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| Operculum |
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| Cestodes: Tapeworms, Trematodes: Fluke |
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| Oval-shaped eggs with lateral spine |
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| Schistosome mansoni |
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| Proglottids |
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| Cestodes: Tapeworms |
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| Pseudomembranous colitis |
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| Clostridium difficile |
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| Rectal prolapse |
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| Whipworm: Trichuris trichiura |
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| Rice water diarrhea |
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| Vibrio cholerae |
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| Rose spots |
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| Typhoidal Salmonella |
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| Seagull wings |
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| Campylobacter jejuni |
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| Scotch tape prep |
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| Pinworm: Enterobius vermicularis |
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| Sushi worm |
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| Anisakiasis: Anisakis simplex |
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| Whipple disease |
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| Tropheryma whipplei. |
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| Reptiles: turtles (snakes, lizards) |
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| Non-typhoidal Salmonella |
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| Gas gangrene. Bronze colored blisters |
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| Clostridium perfringens |
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| “Falling leaf motility” |
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| Giardia lamblia |
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| Bilobed nucles |
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| Giardia lamblia |
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| knobby-coated, oval-shaped, bile-stained Eggs |
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| Roundworm: Ascaris lumbricoides |
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| Broad-based budding yeast |
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| Blastomyces dermatitidis |
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| CAMP-positive |
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| Group B strep or listeria |
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| Cold selection |
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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| Encapsulated yeast |
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| Cryptococcus neoformans |
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| Floppy baby |
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| C. botulinum |
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| Grows on chocolate agar, not on blood agar |
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| Haemophilus |
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| Home canning |
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| C. botulinum |
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| India ink stain |
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| Cryptococcus neoformans |
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| K1 capsular antigen |
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| E. coli |
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| Kidney-bean shaped diplococci |
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| N. meningitidis |
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| Koplik spots |
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| Rubeola virus |
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| Lancet-shaped diplococci |
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| pneumococcal |
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| Negri body |
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| Rabies virus |
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| Neurocysticercosis |
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| Taenia solium |
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| Owl’s-eye inclusion |
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| CMV |
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| Pink eye |
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| Adenovirus |
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| Positive VDRL/RPR test |
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| Neurosyphilis |
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| Ring-enhancing lesions |
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| Toxoplasmosis |
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| Sausage-shaped gametocyte |
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| P. falciparum |
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| Spherule |
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| Coccidioides immitis |
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| Temporal lobe encephalitis |
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| HSV |
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| Tzank smear |
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| HSV |
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| Waterhouse-Friedrichsen |
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| N. meningitidis |
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| Weakly acid fast branching rods |
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| Nocardia |
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| Eggs with terminal spine |
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| S. haematobium |
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| Germ tubes |
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| Candida albicans |
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| Honeymoon cystitis |
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| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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| “Lumpy, bumpy” staining |
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| Deposits of IgG along GBM |
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| Pap-pili |
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| E. coli |
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| Swarming |
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| Proteus mirabilis |
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| Uncomplicated hematuria in young boy |
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| Adenovirus |
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| Beefy red ulcers |
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| Klebsiella granulomatis |
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| Clue cell |
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| Bacterial vaginosis |
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| Condylomata lata |
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| Secondary syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| Copper-colored rash |
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| Secondary syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| Cottage cheese discharge |
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| Vulvovaginal candidiasis |
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| Dew drops on a rose petal |
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| Herpesviridae |
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| Donovan bodies |
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| Klebsiella granulomatis |
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| Frothy, yellowish-green discharge |
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| Trichomoniasis |
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| Germ tubes |
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| Candida dubliniensis |
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| Hutchinson teeth (notched incisors) |
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| Congenital syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| Growth on chocolate, not on blood |
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| Neisseria gonorrheae |
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| Kidney-bean shaped diplococci |
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| Neisseria gonorrheae |
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| Koilocyte |
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| Papovaviruses |
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| Many PMNs, no organisms on Gram stain |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis |
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| Mulberry molars |
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| Congenital syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| Saber shins |
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| Congenital syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| Saddle nose |
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| Congenital syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| School of fish |
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| Hemophilus ducrey |
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| Snuffles |
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| Congenital syphilis (treponema pallidum) |
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| Strawberry cervix |
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| Trichomoniasis |
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| Thin, gray adherent discharge |
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| Bacterial vaginosis |
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| Tzank smear |
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| Herpesviridae |
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| Whiff test |
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| Bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis |
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| Adenovirus, type of vaccine |
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| Live attenuated |
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| Bacillus anthracis, type of vaccine |
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| Killed |
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| Bordetella pertussis, type of vaccine |
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| Killed, acellular |
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| Clostridium tetani, type of vaccine |
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| Toxoid |
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| Corynebacterium diphtheriae, type of vaccine |
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| Toxoid |
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| Haemophilus influenzae, type of vaccine |
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| Conjugated |
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| Hepatitis A virus, type of vaccine |
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| Killed |
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| Hepatitis B virus, type of vaccine |
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| Recombinant |
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| Human Papilloma virus, type of vaccine |
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| Recombinant (6,11,16,18) |
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| Influenza virus, type of vaccine |
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| Killed |
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| Measles virus, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Mumps virus, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Neisseria meningitidis, type of vaccine |
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| Conjugated and polysaccharide but mostly conjugated |
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| Poliovirus, type of vaccine |
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| Sabin – live, attenuated, Salk – killed |
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| Rabies virus, type of vaccine |
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| Killed |
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| Rotavirus, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Rubella virus, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Smallpox, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae, type of vaccine |
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| Polysaccharide vaccine with no conjugated protein (capsule) |
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| Varicella Zoster virus, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Yellow fever virus, type of vaccine |
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| Live, attenuated |
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| Japanese encephalitis virus, type of vaccine |
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| Inactivated |
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| Rickettsia prowazekii, type of vaccine |
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| Killed |
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| Salmonella typhi, type of vaccine |
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| Typhoid |
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| Tick-borne encephalitis virus, type of vaccine |
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| Inactivated |
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| Vibrio cholera, type of vaccine |
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| Killed, inactivated whole cell |
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| Yersinia pestis, type of vaccine |
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| Live |
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| Bacillary angiomatosis |
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| Bartonella Hensalae |
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| Bipolar staining Gram-negative rod |
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| Pasturella Multocida |
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| Broad-based budding yeast |
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| Blastomyces |
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| Bull’s-eye rash |
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| Borrelia Burgdophia |
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| Butterfly facial rash |
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| Erysipelas |
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| Copper-colored rash |
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| Syphilis |
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| Dewdrops on a rose petal |
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| Herpes Simplex |
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| Fifth disease |
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| Parvovirus B19 |
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| Fish tank granuloma |
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| Mycobacterium marinum |
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| Flesh-eating bacteria |
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| Step Pyogenes or Staph Aureus |
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| Honey-crusted lesions |
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| Staph Aureus or Step Pyogenes |
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| Hot tub folliculitis |
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| Pseudomonas |
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| Koplik spots |
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| Measles = Paramyxovirus Infection |
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| Lacy body rash |
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| HHV-6 |
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| Papular/pustular rash with different stages |
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| Chickenpox - VZV |
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| Pustular rash all in same stage |
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| Smallpox – variola major and minor |
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| Rash on hands/feet spreads to trunk |
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| Rickettsia Rickettsiae |
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| Rash starts behind ears, spreads down body |
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| German Measles = Toga virus |
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| Romana sign |
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| Chagas…this is the Chigoma on the face |
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| Rose gardener disease |
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| Sporothryix |
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| Sandpaper rash |
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| Scarlet Fever = Strep Progenes |
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| Slapped cheek fever |
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| B19 Parvovirus |
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| Spaghetti and meatballs |
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| Pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia furfur = asexual form |
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| Tzank smear |
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| Herpes Infection |
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| Wool-sorter disease |
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| Bacillus Antracis = Anthrax |
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| B cell lymphoma |
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| EBV |
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| Blackwater fever |
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| P. falciparum |
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| Bladder Cancer |
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| Schistosomes |
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| Burkitt lymphoma |
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| EBV |
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| Cervical cancer |
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| HPV |
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| Colon cancer |
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| Streptococcus bovis |
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| Floppy baby syndrome |
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| C. botulinum |
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| Gastric adenocarcinoma |
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| H. pylori |
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| Gastric MALT B-cell lymphomas |
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| H. pylori |
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| Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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| Campylobacter jejuni |
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| Hairy oral leukoplakia |
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| EBV |
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| Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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| E. coli O157 |
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| Hyperinfection syndrome |
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| Strongyloides stercoralis |
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| Kaposi sarcoma |
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| HIV |
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| Katayama syndrome |
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| Schistosomes |
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| Malabsorption syndrome |
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| G. lamblia |
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| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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| EBV |
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| Primary hepatocellular carcinoma |
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| Hepatitis C and B |
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| Reactive arthritis |
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| Chlamydia, C. jejuni, salmonella, shigella, yersinia |
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| Reiter syndrome |
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| Chlamydia |
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| Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome |
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| N. meningitidis |
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| Weil disease |
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| Leptospirosis |
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| X-linked lymphoproliferative disease |
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| EBV |
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| Bile esculin agar |
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| Group D streptococci |
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| Blood agar: a-hemolytic |
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| Strep. Pneumo, strep viridans |
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| Blood agar: b-hemolytic |
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| Strep. Pyogenes |
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| Blood agar: g-hemolytic |
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| Group D strep |
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| Blood agar: CAMP positive |
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| Group B strep or listeria |
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| Bordet-Gengou agar |
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| Bordetella pertussis |
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| Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar |
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| Legionella |
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| Chocolate agar |
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| Haemophilus and Neisseria |
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| Lowenstein-Jensen agar |
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| M. tuberculosis |
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| MacConkey agar |
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| Gram – bacteria that ferment lactose |
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| Regan-Lowe media |
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| Bordetella pertussis |
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| Sabouraud dextrose agar |
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| Fungi |
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| Sorbitol MacConkey agar |
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| E. coli O157 |
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| Thayer-Martin agar |
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| Neisseria spp. |
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| Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar |
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| Vibrio spp. |
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| Eaton medium |
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| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| Egg yolk agar |
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| Clostridium |
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| Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar |
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| Gram (-) enteric bacilli |
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| Hektoen enteric agar |
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| Shigella and salmonella |
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| Loeffler media |
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| Diphtheria bacilli |
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| Mannitol salt agar |
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| Staphylococci |
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| Tellurite media |
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| Diphtheria bacilli |
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| Thioglycolate broth |
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| Determines level of O2 requirement |
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| Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar |
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| Differentiate enterics based on reducing sulfur and fermenting carbohydrates |
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| Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate (XLD) agar |
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| Salmonella and shigella |
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| Warthin Starry stain |
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| Bartonella Hensalae |
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| CD3 |
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| T cell |
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| CD5 |
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| T cell, B cell, Expressed in: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, Expressed on CLL |
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| CD8 |
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| CTL, Uses: Quantify cytotoxic T cells (Tc), Def in: Familial CD8 deficiency; |
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| CD14 |
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| Macrophase, TLR for LPS |
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| CD19 |
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| Pre B cells, mature B cells, follicular DC, Signal transducer on B cells. Expressed on CLL |
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| CD20 |
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| Pre B Cells, Mature B cells, Chain of the CR2 co-receptor. Expressed on CLL |
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| CD21 |
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| B cell (EBV receptor) ; , Follicular DC, Receptor for complement component C3d; part of Bcell coreceptor w/ CD19 |
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| CD28 |
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| T cells; Co-receptor on T cells that binds B7 |
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| CD34 |
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| Hematopoietic stem cells |
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| CD40L (CD154) |
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| T cells. Def in Hyper IgM syndrome |
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| CD56 |
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| NK cells |
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| CD61 |
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| Platelets (glycoprotein IIIa) |
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| CD86 (B7.2) |
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| Cell distribution: B cells, monocytes. Function: Regulates T cell activation. Clinical use/notes: Ligand for CD 28 and CD152 |
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| CD80 (B7.1) |
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| Subset of B cells. Function: Regulates T cell activation. Clinical use/notes: Ligand for CD28 and CD152 |
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| CD40 |
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| B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells. Function: Promotes isotype switching. Clinical use/notes: Binds CD 154; co-receptor on B cells |
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| CD16 |
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| NK cells, macrophages, PMN, Function: Fc?R; phagocytosis; ADCC, Uses: Quantify NK cells |
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| CD4 |
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| T helper cells, Function: Co-receptor for MHC II, Uses: Quantify Th cells, receptor for HIV |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Acute glomerulonephritis (GABHS- M12 strains) |
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| Virulence factor: M protein, MOA: Disruption of complement binding to immune complex (disrupts c3b)a decreases removal of complex |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Botulism |
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| Botulinum toxins: Affect peripheral cholinergic synapses by blocking the NMJ and inhibiting the release of NT (AcH) aprevents contraction/flaccid paralysis |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Cholera |
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| Cholera toxin (heat labile): Permanently activates Gs --> increases cAMP |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Diphtheria |
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| Diphtheria toxin (heat labile): Inactivates EFaInhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Escherichia coli meningitis |
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| K1 (capsular) antigen; Antiphagocytic |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Escherichia coli UTI |
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| Pili: Adherence to urethral mucosa |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Gas gangrene |
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| Alpha-toxin (lecithinase ): Breaks down lipids in cell membranes --> cell death |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Gonorrhea |
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| Pili (antigenic): Enhance attachment to host epithelium and mucosal surfaces. Antigen shuffling allow variation of pili over time |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Gram-negative septic shock |
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| LPS; Increased immune response --> cytokine storm |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| Capsule: antiphagocytic |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Pneumococcal pneumonia/meningitis |
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| Capsule: Antiphagocytic |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Peptic ulcers (H. Pylori) |
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| Urease: Cleaves urea a Produces ammonia ions (NH3) that neutralize stomach acid in the vicinity of the organism. MOA: Cleaves urea a Produces ammonia ions (NH3) that neutralize stomach acid in the vicinity of the organism |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Pseudomonal pneumonia |
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| Capsule: Antiphagocytic |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Pseudomonal wound infection |
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| Pseudimonal toxin: Similar to diphtheria toxin (interferes with EF2) |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Rheumatic fever (GABHS) |
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| M protein: Body makes Ab against strep but they happen to cross react and bind to the heart tissue |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Scalded skin syndrome |
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| Exfoliative toxin (ET): Superantigen that attacks the intercellular adhesive of the stratum granulosumamarked epithelial desquamation |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Scarlet fever |
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| Erythrogenic toxin (acquired this toxin by lysogeny – bacterial phage (virus that infects bacteria)). Responsible for fever and rash |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Staphylococcal food poisoning (aur) |
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| enterotoxin; Induces cAMP |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Strep throat |
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| M protein; antiphagocytic |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Tetanus |
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| Virulence factor: Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin). MOA of toxin: Very potent. Stops release of NT GABA, glycine and excitatory NTadangerous overactivity in mm from smallest stimuli |
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| Toxic shock syndrome (S. Aureus) |
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| Virulence factor: Superantigen exotoxin. MOA of Toxin has affinity for the T cell receptor/MHC Class 2 antigen complex a stimulates an enhanced T lymphocyte responseaT cell activation causes large amount of T cell cytokine release a TSS |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Whooping cough (B. Pertussis) |
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| Virulence factor: Pertussis Toxin (PT). MOA Catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of the alpha-I subunit of the G protein a inactivates Gi a increases cAMP |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Meningococcal meningitis |
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| 1. polysaccharide capsule (only in N. Meningitis NOT GC): antiphagocytic. 13 serogroups (A,B,C,Y, W135 most common). We don’t have a vaccine for B so you can get meningitis even with the vaccine. 2. LOS- lipooligosaccharide (no O antigen) - endotoxin: causes immune response (cytokine storm). 3. Pili: Attachment to nasopharyngeal mucosa |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Tuberculosis |
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| Facultative intracellular Virulence dependent on ability to survive and grow in host cells. Makes no toxins but when engulfed by macrophages, bacterial sulfolipids inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vesicles with lysosomes. MOA Inhibits fusion of phagosome/lysosome. |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Traveler’s diarrhea (ETEC) |
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| Enterotoxins: 1. Heat stabile toxin (ST) --> causes increase in cellular cGMP. 2. Heat labile toxin (LT)- essentially identical to cholera toxin which --> causes increase in cellular cAMP MOA: Prolonged hypersecretion of chloride ions and water by the intestinal mucosal cells and inhibits the reabsorption of Naahyperosmotic diarrhea |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Shigellosis |
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| 1. Shiga toxin: inhibit protein synthesis by interfering with 60s (like EHEC). 2. Invasion of intestinal mucosa via actin polymerization --. Propel themselves |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Pseudomembranous colitis |
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| 2 toxic polypeptides: 1. enterotoxin A: damages mucosa. 2. Cytotoxin B: kills the cells |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Meningococcal septic shock , (N. Meningitis) |
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| LOS: Increased immune response --> cytokine storm |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Listeriosis |
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| 1. Facultative intracellular: Escapes phagosome before lysosome/phagosome fusion. 2. Listeriolysin O hemolysin: Lyses phagocytic vacuoles/damages membranes |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Anthrax (B. Anthracis) |
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| Virulence factors are: 1. Anthrax Toxin has both (A) – LF --- lethal factor and -- EF — edema factor as well as (B) - PA – protective Ag 2. Glutamic acid Capsule MOA of Virulence factor 1: anthrax toxin – increases intracellular cAMP --> severe edema (widened mediastinum, etc. ). MOA of virulence factor 2: antiphagocytic |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (0157:H7)- EHEC |
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| Shiga-like toxin (Verotoxin ): Inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with 60s ribosomes (like Shigella toxin) |
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| Virulence factor and MOA for: Bacillus cereus food poisoning |
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| Virulence factors: 1. Emetic Heat Stabile enterotoxin and 2. Diarrheal Enterotoxin (heat labile). MOA for VF's: 1. causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, 2. increases cAMP |
