Aerobic Test Microbiology – Flashcards
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| Standard methods of sterilization are NOT effective in inactivating_______. |
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| prions. |
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| Standard methods of sterilization ARE effective in inactivating which 5 things? |
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| viruses, bacterial cells, bacterial endospores & fungi. |
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| Disinfectants are used on ______ surfaces. |
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| inanimate |
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| microbial death is an effective means of evaluating the efficacy of ______ agents |
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| antimicrobial |
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| microbial death can be used to evaluate the efficacy of _____? |
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| antimicrobial agents. |
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| microbial death is ______ over time of exposure to an antimicrobial agent. |
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| constant |
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| microbial death is the permanent loss of a microbe's ability to _____ and can be used to evaluate _______ agents. |
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| reproduce, antimicrobial |
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| Give an example of sanitization (from the book) |
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| A public toilet is treated with disinfectants. |
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| Aseptic means free of ______? |
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| ALL pathogens. |
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| What are are some examples of things that are bacteriostatic? |
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| desiccation, freezing below 0°C, lyophilization & refrigeration of mesophiles. |
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| Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect ______? |
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| protein synthesis |
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| Seventy percent alcohol is effective against_____? |
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| enveloped viruses |
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| An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a _____? |
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| low-level germicide. |
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| Is lyophilization an effective means of sterilization? |
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| No |
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| What of ARE effective means of sterilization? Name 4 |
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| ionizing radiation, incineration, autoclaving & dry heat |
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| heating at 72°C for 15 seconds describes what type of pasteurization? |
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| flash pasteurization |
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| What is the dairy creamer used in restaurants is usually sterilized by? |
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| UHT sterilization. |
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| Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of______? |
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| both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses. |
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| What are some features associated with filtration? |
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| 1.nitrocellulose or plastic membrane filters 2.sterilization of heat-sensitive materials 3.use of HEPA filters to filter air 4.ability of some filters to trap viruses and proteins |
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| What is a target of pasteurization? |
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| Brucella melitensis |
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| ultraviolet light radiation is _____ and has the _____ wavelength |
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| nonionizing, shortest |
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| gamma rays are used for microbial control in? |
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| fresh fruits and vegetables |
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| HEPA filters and ultraviolet light can be used to disinfect _____? |
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| air |
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| What are some of the groups of chemical antimicrobial agents? |
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| 1.halogens 2.phenolics 3.alcohols 4.aldehydes 5.surfactants 6.heavy metals |
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| Lysol is an example of which group of chemical antimicrobial agents? |
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| phenolics |
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| Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety levelA) E. coli, BSL-3 B) anthrax, BSL-1 C) Ebola, BSL-2 D) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2 E) tuberculosis, BSL-1 |
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| methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2 |
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| Betadine is an example of which group of antimicrobial agents? |
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| halogens |
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| quaternary ammonium compound are a type of____? |
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| detergent. |
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| Zephiran is an example of a |
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| quat |
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| quaternary ammonium compounds are not effective against ______? |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
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| quaternary ammonium compounds are harmless to humans except at _______. |
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| high concentrations. |
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| peracetic acid is a ______ ? |
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| a sterilizing agent |
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| silver nitrate was used in the past to prevent the transmission of _____ from an infected mother to her newborn. |
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| gonorrhea |
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| ethylene oxide is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to _______ ? |
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| heat or water |
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| aldehydes denature _____? |
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| proteins. |
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| Some aldehydes can ______ after long periods of exposure. |
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| sterilize |
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| aldehydes are usually hazardous to ____? |
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| humans. |
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| aldehydes are used in _____ solutions? |
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| aqueous |
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| antimicrobials are |
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| Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms |
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| A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a |
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| germicide. |
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| What is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent? |
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| It only arrests growth of vegetative cells. |
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| an ideal antimicrobial agent is ____ during storage. |
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| stable |
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| an ideal antimicrobial agent is ______? 3 thing |
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| inexpensive harmless to humans. acts quickly. |
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| The endospores of which microbes are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization? |
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| Bacillus stearothermophilus |
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| A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. What would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication? |
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| filtration |
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| What procedure is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants? |
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| use-dilution test |
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| _______ would be used to sterilize a mattress |
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| ethylene oxide |
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| Disinfectants that damage membranes include which 2 things? |
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| alcohol and phenolics. |
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| ethylene oxide is the most ___ to humans. |
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| toxic |
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| Hydrogen peroxide is a ____ agent. |
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| disinfectant and sterilizing agent |
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| Filtration is a ____ agent. |
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| Sterilizing agent |
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| Incineration is a ____ agent. |
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| Sterilizing agent |
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| Alcohol is a ____ agent. |
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| Disinfectant |
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| Quats is a ____ agent. |
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| Disinfectant |
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| Ethylene oxide is a ____ agent. |
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| Sterilizing agent |
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| Glutaraldehyde is a ____ agent. |
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| disinfectant and sterilizing agent |
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| Chlorine dioxide is a ____ agent. |
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| Disinfectant |
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| Gamma irradiation is a ____ agent. |
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| Sterilizing agent |
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| Boiling water is a ____ agent. |
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| Disinfectant |
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| Can an environment contain some microbes and still be considered sterile? |
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| yes |
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| Some viruses are inactivated by the same chemical or physical agents that damage _______ ___________. |
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| cytoplasmic membranes |
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| Does UV light have the most effect on protein structure? |
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| No |
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| Antimicrobial agents usually work best at ______temperatures and pH levels. |
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| low |
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| Is the phenol coefficient one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial agent's effectiveness? |
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| No |
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| No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions-True or False? |
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| False |
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| Is the decimal reduction time the time required to kill all the microbes in a given sample? |
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| No |
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| _____ freezing is more damaging to microbial cells than _____ freezing. |
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| Slow, quick |
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| Is Hydrogen peroxide an effective antiseptic? |
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| No it is not |
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| By themselves, soaps have only ____ activity, not ______ activity. |
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| degerming, antimicrobial |
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| ________ is the process of freeze-drying microbes to preserve them. |
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| Lyophilization |
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| Natural antiseptics such as pine or clove oil are examples of antimicrobial compounds called ________. |
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| phenolics |
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| A(n) ________ is an iodine-containing organic compound found in such antiseptics as Betadine. |
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| iodophor |
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| Disinfectants known as ________ have the chemical group ?CHO, which reacts with and damages both proteins and nucleic acids. |
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| aldehydes |
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| The lowest temperature that kills all cells in a broth in 10 minutes is known as the ________. |
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| thermal death point |
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| The amount of time needed to sterilize materials using moist heat is ________ (greater than/less than) the time needed to sterilize using dry heat. |
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| less than |
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| A(n) ________ is an instrument that sterilizes by exposing materials to steam under pressure. |
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| autoclave |
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| The containment level ________ is appropriate when handling highly contagious deadly microbes |
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| BSL-4 |
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| Ultraviolet light penetrates materials ________ (more effectively/less effectively) than gamma rays. |
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| less effectively |
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| ________ is a phenolic antimicrobial compound that has been incorporated into consumer items such as garbage bags and diapers. |
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| Triclosan |
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| Elements such as iodine, chlorine, and bromine are examples of ________, which are the basis for many effective antimicrobial agents. |
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| halogens |
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| The use of high levels of salt or sugar in the preservation of foods relies on the phenomenon of ________. |
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| osmotic pressure |
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| The process of heating milk or fruit juice to levels that kill any pathogenic microbes present is known as________. |
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| pasteurization |
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| Sterilization procedures generally focus on inactivating or eliminating bacterial ________. |
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| endospores |
