Micro 0580 Exam 3 – Flashcards
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| Keratitis |
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| Infection of the cornea. Predominately viral |
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| Acute Myringitis |
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| Infection of the tympanic membrane. FP |
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| Maxillary |
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| Most common infection site of sinuses |
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| Carries |
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| Bacterial growth on teeth->biofilm with fermenting bacteria->lactic acid->solubilizes hydroxyapatite->demineralizes enamel->caries |
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| Gingivitis and Periodontitis |
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| plaque on gingival crevices becomes calcified->inflammation and fraibility of gingiva->gingivitis inflammation and involvement of deeper tissues->involvement of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone->tooth loss |
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| Stomatitis |
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| Infection of the tongue and mucosa. NF |
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| glossitis |
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| Infection of the tongue. NF |
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| Parotitis |
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| Infection of the salivary gland. NF |
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| Allergens, chemical, autoimmune, immune mediated, infection |
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| causes of lower RT infection including treachea, bronchial tree, alveolar sacks |
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| Bronchitis |
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| inflammatory condition WITHOUT implied infection |
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| COPD |
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| chronic inflammation of boht bronchial tree and alveolar sacks. NOT an infectious disease |
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| Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or COPD |
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| frequently caused by an infectious disease worsening bronchitis or COPD |
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| Pneumonia |
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| infectious agent colonizes the surface of alveolar sac lining->colleciton of serous fluids and RBCs->rapid multiplication of agent with subsequent infliltration by WBCs displacing air from sac |
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| Dysentery |
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| ineffectual straining with little fecal matter excreted, mucus and bloody stools. Usually disease or inflammation of large intestine |
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| Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
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| autoimmune flaccid paralysis of GIT |
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| Hemolytic-remic syndrome |
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| a toxemia (not organism) in the bloodstream leading to GI bleed, kidney and brain damage 1. hemolytic anemia 2. acute renal failure 3. clots 4. CNS complications |
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| Cystitis |
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| Infection of the bladder. NOT STD |
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| Urethritis |
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| Infection of the Urethra. STD |
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| Cervicitis |
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| Infection of the cervix. STD |
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| Meningitis |
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| Infection of the meninges. Bacterial and fungal agents cause significant morbidity and mortality. Viral agents tend to be benign 1. if bacteria agent penetrates- hydrocephalus, cerebral vasculitis, increased BBB permeability. All leading to dec in cerebral blood flow |
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| Encephalitis |
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| Infection or necrosis of the brain parenchyma. Frequently viral. 1. localized- HSV, polio, rabies 2. diffuse- arbovirus, enterovirus 3. Encephalomyelitis- WNEV and polio |
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| Prokaryotic: S. aureus, L. monocytogenes Fungal: Candida albicans |
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| Cause of Mass lesions/absesses in the CNS causing focal seizures. |
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| Helminth: Taenia Solium |
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| Cause of Neurocysticercosis, a cystic brian lesion. |
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| Protozoan: Toxoplasma gondii |
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| Cause of Toxoplasmosis, a pseudocyst lesion in the CNS. |
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| Tetanus toxin |
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| Cause of spinal column and then brain parenchyma mediated disease by neurotoxin |
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| Botulism |
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| Cause of infection of the PNS at neuro-muscular junctions. neurotoxin |
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| Mycobacterium leprae |
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| Cause of infection of the PNS by bacterium. |
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| Osteomyelitis |
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| Infection of the bone and joint |
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| Mastoiditis |
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| inflammation of the mastoid bone in the head almost exclusively as a complication of acute otitis media |
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| Mycetoma |
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| a chronic suppurative (pus) infectious diseas of the subcutaneous tissue and bone |
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| Septic arthritis |
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| inflammation of the joint due to progressive inflammatory destruction. Release of exotoxins and degradative enzymes |
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| UTI by E. Coli catheter by Staph epidermidis |
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| most common cause of nosocomial bacteremia |
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| Fungal cause |
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| infection of keratinized skin is caused by |
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| NF and FP |
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| infection of the epidermis including impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by |
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| NF and FP |
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| Infection of hair follicles and associated tissues is caused by... |
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| Rhabdomyolysis |
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| a clinical syndrome characterized by destruction of skeletal muscle |
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| Cornyebacterium diptheriae |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete with mycolic acid cornyeform group |
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| Nocardia asteroides |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete with mycolic acid nocardiaceae group |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculousis |
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| Gram positive rod obligate aerobe actinomycete with mycolic acid Acid Fast bacilli stains poorly has mycolic acids (waxy lipids) and Trehalose dimycolate as virulance factor lives in macrophages slow growth sensitive to UV and moist heat not highly contagious eliminated via cell mediated immunity latent TB only detectable by PPD test |
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| Mycobacterium avium complex |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete with mycolic acid acid fast bacilli slow growing species |
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| Proprionibacterium acne |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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| Actinomycees israeli |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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| Mobiluncus curtisii |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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| Lactobacillus |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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| Bifidobacterium |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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| Gardnerella vaginalis |
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| Gram positive rod actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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| gram positive rod |
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| Bacillus anthracis |
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| Gram positive rod Spore former Aerobic |
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| Clostridium DIfficile |
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| Gram positive rod Spore former Anaerobic produces toxin a and b->cytotoxins predisposed if on antibiotics for >3 days: fluoroquin, clindamycin, amoxicillin can cause colitis and toxic megacolon, diarrhea and cramping without fever |
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| Streptococci |
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| Gram positive cocci In chains aerotolerant anaerobe catalase negative hemolytic (a-green, b-complete,g-none) |
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| Enterococci faecalis |
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| Gram positive cocci In chains |
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| Staphylococci Aureus |
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| Gram positive cocci (gold colored) In clusters coagulase positive- antiphagocytic, promotes abscess Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin associated with MRSA quorum sensing to produce exotoxins when at high density most common cause of skin infection and hospital infection |
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| Staphylococci epidermiditis |
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| Gram positive cocci In clusters coagulase negative |
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| Streptococcus Pneumoniae |
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| gram positive lancet shaped encapsulated diplococcus not fastidious antiphagocytic capsule children are carriers of pneumonia antecedant viral infecitons predispose pneuonia bacteremia results in pneumonia, meningitis and endocarditis frequently colonizes mucosal surfaces: conjunctitis, otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis penicillin is drug of choice- resistance an issue |
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| Staphylococcus |
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| gram positive cocci arranged in pairs, short chains or irregular clusters facultative anaerobe not fastidious |
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| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| mollicute- smallest free-living cells not observed by gram staining fastidious and slow growing, slow spread, not highly infectious extracellular pathogen, readily colonize mucosa, gliding motility, immunomodulatory, attach to cilliated respiratory cells survivors usually become carriers incorporates host phospholipids, sterols into cell membrane lack a cell wall! ADP riboslyating cytotoxin- respiratory distress syndrome in URT, lower genital tract |
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| ergosterol |
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| source of cross reactivity for drugs against fungi |
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| crytococcus |
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| fungi with capsule (yeast) |
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| blastoconidia |
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| reproducitno by budding yeast |
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| ascospores or basidiospores |
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| some yeast reproduce sexually by formaiton of... |
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| conidia |
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| budding of a hyphae that is important for fungal identification |
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| blastomyces dermatiditis histoplasma capsulatum cocciodoides immitis paracoccidoides brasiliensis sporthrix schenckii |
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| thermally dimorphic fungi |
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| cell mediated immunity |
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| human defense against fungi |
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| Pitaryiasis versicolor |
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| chronic, mild infection of outermost skin of chest abdomen and upper limbs by Malassezia furfur lipophilic and NF diagnosis by yellow fluorescence with wood's lamp and KOH (round budding yeast) |
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| Tinea Nigra |
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| asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum (outer skin) by Nortea werneckii painless macules on palms KOH (brown branched septate hyphae and budding yeast) |
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| Piedra |
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| fungal infection of the hair shaft: white- Trichosporon Black- Pedraia hortai |
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| Dermatophytosis |
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| infection of the cutaneous epidermis (requiring keratin) Microsporum no nails, epidermiphyton no hair, trichophyton everywhere*** |
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| Tinea capitis |
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| caused by microsporum (green wood's lamp) and trichophyton fungal infection of head cutaneous layer 1. Endothrix -within hair shaft by trichophyton tonsurans -black dot ringworm -chronic 2. Ecothrix -around hair shaft grey patch ringworm -hairloss -resolves |
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| Tinea corporis |
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| Trichophyton rubrum and mentagrophytes fungus infects horny layer of skin and spreads. hair follicles act as reservoir |
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| Tinea cruris |
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| Trrichophyton rubrum infection of groin cutaneous layer. pruritic |
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| Tinea unguium |
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| Trichophyton rubrum infection of nails |
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| Tinea pedis |
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| T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. Floccosum fungal infection of feet cutaneous layer |
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| Tinea Barbae |
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| T. mentagrophytes and T. Rubrum infection of beard cutaneous layer from animals |
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| Tinea manuum |
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| T. Rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum fungla infection of hands cutaneous layer |
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| Sporotrichosis |
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| Traumatic inoculation into skin by sporothrix schenckii (oval or cigar shaped buddin yeast) affecting gardeners, farmers subcutaneous mycoses |
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| Chromoblastomycosis |
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| traumatic inoculation of subcutaneious skin by mycoses from soil. Dark molds causing water cutaneous nodules like cauliflower florets or copper pennies |
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| Mycetoma |
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| localized, deforming, indolent swollen lesions and sinuses involving cutaneous, subcutaneous tissues, fascisa and bone |
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| Phaeohyphomycosis |
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| subcutaneous infection by dark walled fungi forming large septate hyphae. characterized by a single red nodule which expands. brain absceses may occur |
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| Mistoplasmosis |
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| systemic infection by histoplasma capsulatum white fluffy mold, survives in macrophages asymptomatic and self limited endemic in ohio, mississippi, missouri from bird manure |
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| Blastomycosis |
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| systemic infection by blastomyces dermatitidis via the lungs branching hyphae at right angles yeast with thick cell walls, highly refractle and multinucleated reproduce by single bud with broad base endemic in southeast and central manifests as pleuritic chest pain |
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| Coccidioides Immitis/psoadasii |
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| systemic fungal lung infection usually inapparent, cough chest pain, pulomany nodules identify spherule for diagnosis or use specific antibodies |
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| Paracoccidioidomycosis |
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| systemic fungal infection common by Paracoccidoides Brasiliensis in latin america causing pulmonary disease with ulcerative lesions in oral and nasal cavity, dry cough characteristic translucent double-contoured cell wall Multiple Budding detection by Delayed type hypersensitivity test macrophages are major defense |
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| Thrush |
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| opportunistic candidiasis infection of mouth prevalent when inhaled steroids |
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| candidal vaginitis |
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| opportunistic fungal infection seen in diabetes pregnancy and antibiotic therapy in women |
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| chronic mucocutaneious candidiasis |
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| opportunistic fungal infection of skin hair nails and mucos by candida associated with immunological disorder major immune defect is failure of T-lymphcytes generally starts infancy with thrush |
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| disseminated candidiasis |
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| predisposing factors for opportunistic fungal infection: noplasm, burn patient, organ transplant, low birth weight kidney, brain, myocardium and eye usually involved |
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| Aspergillus |
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| opportunistic fungal infection causing morbidity and mortality grows quickly with lightly pigmented hyphae that branch at right angles can grow as solid mass in pulmonary cavity (assoc. emphysema, TB), ear, nails, eye or cerebrum |
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| Rhizopus/absidia/mucormycosis |
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| opportunistic fungal infection with special affinity for blood vessels, thrombosis (Rhizopus) often seen in T2D characteristic broad aseptate hyphae branching at right angles |
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| Cryptococcosis |
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| Non dimorphic opportunistic fungal pulmonary/systemic infection by cryptococcus neoformans predilection for the nervous system produces polysaccharide capsule INDIA ink is confirmatory test also produces urease (test) can remain dormant |
