question

true

answer

Top managers are responsible for creating a climate for change in an organization.

question

true

answer

A management study discovered that companies, which invest in their people, will create long-term competitive advantages difficult for other companies to duplicate.

question

top mannagement

answer

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spent a total of $75 million to launch mid-calorie sodas The new brands grabbed a combined market share of less than 1 percent. Coke's and PepsiCo's ____ would be responsible for determining that the product should be deleted from each of their product lines.

question

monitor and disseminator

answer

During a meeting of the Ambulatory Care Nursing Association (ACNA) board of directors, a commitment was made to ask members for their feedback about their experiences with and perceptions of ACNA. The head of the organization said, "The essence of being a leader is to make sure the organization knows itself." Then she volunteered to conduct the environmental scanning and share what she learned with the others. What informational roles is she assuming?

question

entrepreneur

answer

In the decisional role of ____, managers adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to incremental change.

question

controlling

answer

Hormel Foods had to recall 104,000 pounds of Stagg canned chili—labeled "hearty beef with a kick of green chilies"—after the kick turned out to come instead from the ground-up parts of a plastic handheld calculator. The recall was the application of which management function?

question

middle managers

answer

Typical responsibilities for ____ include coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company.

question

spokesperson

answer

As described by Mintzberg, a marketing manager who was hired by a manufacturer of plumbing fixtures to operate information booths would have the informational role of:

question

monitor

answer

Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?

question

management

answer

____ is defined as getting work done through others.

question

middle managers

answer

It is the responsibility of ____ to develop intermediate plans, or plans designed to produce results within six to eighteen months.

question

effectiveness

answer

Volkswagen Bernd Pischetsrieder, chief executive of Volkswagen, announced restructuring plans for the company. VW is Europe's largest carmaker and needed to make itself profitable once again. To do so, VW cut thousands of jobs in the ensuing years through natural attrition, early retirement, and buying workers out of their contracts. The carmaker also considered whether its component parts factories in Brunswick, Kassel, and Wolfsburg were helping VW accomplish its organizational goal. Pischetsrieder blamed much of the company's problems on restructuring that was done in 1993. He insisted that the company is missing a whole generation of managers because its former CEO eliminated a whole layer of management. Now, 45 percent of managers were expected to go into retirement in the following three or four years.Refer to Volkswagen. VW is examining the ____ of its component parts factories.

question

false

answer

First-line managers are responsible for setting objectives consistent with organizational goals and planning and implementing strategies for achieving these objectives.

question

true

answer

First-line managers are the only managers who do not supervise other managers.

question

inefficient

answer

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spent a total of $75 million to launch two sodas, banking on the low-carb trend. Carb-conscious consumers rejected the drinks en masse. The new brands grabbed a combined market share of less than 1 percent. Given that the objective of both soft drink manufacturers was to increase their market share, the introductions were notably:

question

true

answer

The motivation to manage tends to be higher among managers at higher levels in the organization than it is among managers at lower levels in the organization.

question

first line manager

answer

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules.

question

encourage, monitor, and reward the performances of their employees

answer

First-line managers will most likely have to:

question

top manager

answer

Eastman Kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. The company, which is run as an independent unit, has experienced excessive financial losses the last three years. The ____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable.

question

technical skill

answer

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses.

question

true

answer

According to the principles of scientific management, work and responsibility for the work, should be divided equally between workers and management.

question

false

answer

According to Chester Barnard, for many managerial requests or directives, there is a zone of indifference in which managers don't really care if the request is met or the directive is performed.

question

subsystems

answer

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for everything else). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of ____.

question

compromise

answer

According to Mary Parker Follett, if managers use ____ to settle or reduce conflict, each of the parties involved give up some of what they want.

question

used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work process

answer

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they ____.

question

true

answer

The contingency approach to management holds that there is not one best way to manage an organization.

question

closed systems

answer

This type of system functions without interacting with their environment.

question

domination, compromise, and integration

answer

Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal with conflict in one of three ways:____.

question

system

answer

A(n) ____ is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole.

question

false

answer

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied the psychology of groups.

question

false

answer

A systems approach to management encourages managers to view each division as a separate, vital organism.

question

Scientifically train, teach, and develop these employees to help them reach their full potential.

answer

Refer to ISG. What advice should the shift supervisor at the steel plant in charge of the six college students take from the teachings of Frederick Taylor?

question

true

answer

One of Taylor's scientific management principles concerned how workers should be selected.

question

Henri Fayol

answer

____ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management.

question

conflict could be beneficial

answer

In a departure from mainstream management thinking, Mary Parker Follett believed ____.

question

true

answer

Management ideas and practices have been used from the earliest times of recorded history.

question

false

answer

According to Fayol's 14 principles of management, esprit de corps is a source of major organizational conflict.

question

creating the principles of scientific management

answer

Frederick Taylor is famous for____.

question

synergy

answer

____ occurs when 1 + 1 = 3.

question

acting on threats and opportunities

answer

Which of the following is one of the steps in the process that managers use to make sense of their changing environments?

question

false

answer

Successful organizational cultures seem to be based solely upon consistency (i.e., "strength" of the organizational culture).

question

resource scarcity

answer

____ is the degree to which an organization's external environment has an abundance or scarcity of critical organizational resources.

question

economic

answer

Suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income within Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75 percent of the population is below the poverty line would be a(n) ____ component in the manufacturer's general environment.

question

true

answer

After the company founders are gone, stories and heroes can help to sustain the founder's values, attitudes, and beliefs in the organizational culture.

question

external

answer

All events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it occur in the ____ environment.

question

true

answer

Under conditions in which the rate of both environmental change and complexity go up while environmental resources become scarce, environmental uncertainty can be expected to increase.

question

bisible artifact

answer

A mace is commonly used at a university or college convocation ceremony. The mace was originally a weapon, then became the symbol of government, and now has become the symbol of authority of the institution to grant diplomas or degrees. In terms of organizational culture, the mace is an example of a(n) ____.

question

allowing employees to personalize their cubicles

answer

Milsand Corp. used office cubicles for its employees. Employees were not allowed to personalize their cubicles. If Milsand wanted to change its organizational culture, it could begin by ____.

question

high buyer dependence on a supplier

answer

The creation of Ingram Distribution allows booksellers to streamline the ordering and return procedures of their books. Ingram made all the books bookstore owners wanted available in one centralized warehouse. Many new bookstore owners would be unwilling and/or unable to return to the method of ordering books from the individual publishers. This is an example of the creation of ____.

question

behavioral substitution

answer

In order to change an organizational culture, top management can persuade other managers and employees to perform a new behavior in place of an older one. This technique is called ____.

question

product boycott

answer

____ is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service.

question

organizational culture

answer

The ____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization.

question

develop and sustain their organizational culture

answer

Managers should NOT use environmental scanning to ____.

question

a video game manufacturer

answer

Which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment?

question

local health inspectors

answer

A fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be an industry regulation component of its specific environment?

question

uncertainty

answer

Environmental ____ is affected by environmental complexity, change, and resources.

question

false

answer

Extensive research demonstrates clearly that organizational culture is strongly related to organizational success.

question

doing an incomplete job of identifying competitors

answer

Companies doing a competitive analysis typically err by ____.

question

true

answer

The evidence clearly shows that how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

question

quota

answer

To protect its farmers, Japan put limitations on the amount of mushrooms and leeks that could be imported into Japan from China. This limitation is an example of a(n) ____.

question

a problem with franchising in different cultures

answer

When McDonald's entered into an agreement with a French entrepreneur who wanted to own and operate a McDonald's fast-food restaurant in Paris, McDonald's saw the new restaurant as an opportunity. Unfortunately, the restaurant in Paris was not maintained at the cleanliness standards prescribed by McDonald's (but acceptable to the cleanliness standards of the French). McDonald's brought legal action to have the restaurant closed. This example illustrates ____.

question

false

answer

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a regional trade agreement between Canada and the United States. No other nations have signed this trade agreement.

question

true

answer

Multinational corporations are corporations that own businesses in two or more countries.

question

lives and works outside of his or her own country

answer

An expatriate is someone who ____.

question

false

answer

When conducting global business, companies should attempt to identify the two types of political risk, which are political uncertainty and economic uncertainty.

question

easy acess to growing markets

answer

The most important factor used by a globalizing company for determining if a country or a region has an attractive business climate is ____.

question

tariffs

answer

As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), the EU removed all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta. In other words, the EU abolished ____ for Malta-manufactured merchandise.

question

false

answer

Global new ventures bring a good or service to market in one foreign market at a time.

question

joint venture

answer

In Canada, two automobile companies have entered into a ____ to create CAMI Automotive. One firm's management runs the plant, which makes the other's cars. The agreement gives one access to the other's dealers to sell its brand of vehicles.

question

licensing

answer

Sodima is a French cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, and the patents on Yoplait yogurt. General Mills pays Sodima for the right to sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States. This is an example of ____.

question

direct foreign investment

answer

____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

question

To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures?

answer

One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____.

question

true

answer

Direct foreign investment is an increasingly important and common method of conducting global business.

question

North American Free Trade Agreement

answer

The ____ is a regional trade agreement that liberalizes trade between countries more than any other such agreement.

question

cooperative

answer

The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts.

question

false

answer

The phase model of globalization means that companies made the transition from a domestic company to a global company in three sequential phases. The three phases are exporting, followed by wholly owned subsidiaries, and finishing with strategic alliances.

question

false

answer

One of the disadvantages of global joint ventures is that, unlike licensing and franchising, they do not help companies to avoid tariff and nontariff barriers to entry.

question

postconventional level

answer

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the ____ use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas.

question

primary stake holder

answer

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, the Indian government immediately ordered Coke to stop production. The Indian government served as a(n) ____.

question

whistleblower

answer

In May 2005, U.S. Attorney Michael J. Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged Oracle Corporation had violated the False Claims Act in connection with billing the federal government for software training services. The U.S. government learned about the overcharging from a former Oracle vice president. The vice president acted as a(n) ____.

question

ethical intensity

answer

____ is strong when decisions have large, certain, immediate consequences and when we are physically or psychologically close to those affected by the decision.

question

economic performance

answer

IBM has a long-standing "Reinventing Education" program, which involves intensive research into how educational institutions can use the fruits of new technologies to transform what they do and thereby improve education. In the process, the program is actually helping to shape a market of significant interest to IBM. IBM views the program as an investment rather than as a charitable contribution. This is an example of the positive relationship between social responsibility and ____.

question

economic

answer

Historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business.

question

they can affect public perceptions and opinions

answer

Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because ____.

question

preconventional level, conventional level, and postconventional level

answer

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

question

false

answer

All four areas of social responsibility for companies (economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary) are equally important to a company's overall level of social responsibility

question

false

answer

All adults reach the postconventional stage of morality.

question

true

answer

The concept of magnitude of consequences is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

question

false

answer

With regard to the question, "Does it pay to be socially responsible?," research has clearly demonstrated that there is an inherent relationship between social responsibility and economic performance of a company.

question

preconventional

answer

Doug has a low-paying job for a telecommunications company. Every day when he goes home from work, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Doug is operating at which level?

question

false

answer

According to the stakeholder model of social responsibility, no stakeholder groups are more or less important than any other.

question

the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines

answer

If a catalog retailer promised customers it would not sell their personal information (addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, etc.) to another direct marketing company, and it did, the catalog retailer would be found guilty of invasion of privacy. Its sentence would be determined by ____.

question

true

answer

The categories of social responsibility for a company are economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary

question

Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group.

answer

Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

question

true

answer

The media would be an example of a secondary stakeholder group for an organization

question

true

answer

The shareholder model and the stakeholder model are two techniques for determining to whom organizations should be socially responsible.

question

All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work.

answer

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?

question

true

answer

Cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance, and affective conflict is strongly associated with decreases in team performance.

question

virtual team

answer

According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, the construction of tunnels is one of the greatest challenges encountered during road construction. The technique of tunneling has not kept pace with the development of other technical fields. The USDOT has created a national team of tunnel experts to develop road tunnel engineering principles and maintenance practices in the United States through the use of telecommunications and information technology. This group of tunnel experts will comprise a(n) ____.

question

false

answer

A work team is a small number of people who have been assigned responsibility for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes.

question

true

answer

A preference for teamwork (i.e., collectivism), team level, and team diversity can help companies choose the right team members.

question

performing

answer

A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development.

question

sharing the financial value of performance gains

answer

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is ____.

question

bureaucratic immunity

answer

The achievement of stretch goals is made easier when the team members have ____.

question

members must learn to express themselves in new contexts

answer

The major drawback to the use of virtual teams is ____.

question

had the authority to solve problems related to the correct identification of orthopedic parts

answer

Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedica Osteonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. This group ____.

question

gainsharing

answer

____ is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, or quality with their workers.

question

by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements

answer

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

question

stretch goals

answer

E-Lab (the "E" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. One team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ____.

question

true

answer

In general, skill-based pay is most effective for managing the performance of self-managing and self-directing teams.

question

false

answer

A company engaged in cross training is using individual team members to teach other members how to do all or most of the jobs they can perform.

question

true

answer

Companies are making greater use of teams because teams have been shown to increase (1) customer satisfaction, (2) product and service quality, (3) speed and efficiency in product development, and (4) employee job satisfaction.

question

always resolve issues by consensus

answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for minimizing the occurrence of affective conflict and having a good fight?

question

work teams

answer

Allen-Edmonds is keeping its shoe manufacturing business in the United States by investing in new machinery and creating new processes. The strategy is a gamble and the outcome is uncertain. To cut costs and improve efficiency, the company's old assembly line is being replaced by a system of employees working in groups, with each person doing several jobs, and each trained to do the others' tasks. Allen-Edmonds is using ____.

question

false

answer

The autonomy continuum shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy. The correct sequence from low team autonomy to high team autonomy is (1) traditional work groups, (2) employee involvement groups, (3) semi-autonomous work groups, (4) self-designing teams, and (5) self-managing teams.

question

cohesiveness

answer

____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.

question

chain of command

answer

An international distribution company has a shipping division, a warehouse division, a computer hardware and software distribution center, as well as, a marketing research department, a human resources department, and an accounting department. A salesperson who works in the shipping division is told by the accounting department that he must turn in a weekly expense account. His supervisor in the shipping division wants expense accounts submitted monthly. The salesperson is likely experiencing a problem with ____.

question

duplication

answer

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is ____.

question

delegation of authority

answer

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

question

modular organizations

answer

Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, ____ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.

question

true

answer

In a decentralized organization, workers closest to problems are authorized to make the decisions necessary to solve the problems on their own.

question

decentralization

answer

An Indian Catholic Cardinal's call for local church leaders to have more power and for papal authority to be distributed to lower levels within the Catholic hierarchy has elicited agreement from other church leaders in India. He also asserted that bishops should not have "to run to Rome for everything" and that canon law should be modified to allow the pope to share his authority. Vithayathil is calling for ____.

question

fuctional

answer

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.

question

false

answer

The most common matrix combines customer and functional forms of departmentalization.

question

false

answer

Departmentalization is a method of organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

question

false

answer

Cross-department coordination tends to be very easy in organizations with functional departmentalization.

question

a low degree of task identity

answer

Elena works in a data processing department for a large credit reporting service and is bored. She spends her days inputting an endless stream of monotonous data into much larger data bases. According to the job characteristics model (JCM), one of the primary reasons for her boredom is ____.

question

virtual

answer

The composition of a ____ organization is always changing.

question

mechanistic

answer

A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

question

true

answer

The coordination of departmental activities tends to be more difficult with the geographic approach to departmentalization than with the other approaches.

question

false

answer

In matrix departmentalization, as in other forms of departmentalization, most employees report to a single boss.

question

increasing reciprocal interdependence

answer

In essence, reengineering changes organizations by ____.

question

Mechanistic organizations work best in stable, unchanging business environments

answer

Which of the following statements about mechanistic organizations is true?

question

reengineering

answer

In recent years, the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) has undergone a radical change in how it determines and shares local weather conditions with pilots. Before the local base weather station was responsible for warnings. The quality of this information varied. Now AFWA provides the same high standard of weather information to all pilots. This is an example of ____?

question

departmentalization

answer

Refer to Yahoo!. One of the causes of the precipitous drop in the value of Yahoo's stock was the company's inability to subdivide work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks. For example, Yahoo has no sales unit to cultivate and call on advertising customers. Yahoo caused itself trouble when it decided to not engage in ____.

question

complex matrix

answer

In a(n) ____, managers from different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers who help them sort out problems and conflicts.

question

organizational innovation

answer

When Gregg Steiner became the vice president for Cleveland-based Pinxav, he knew the diaper-rash product manufacturer's sales were declining. At a trade show Steiner was pitching the product to some new mothers who had never heard of it. The mothers weren't convinced that they should part with their money for a new-to-them product. The inspired Steiner said, "If you're not happy with the product, I will not only give you your money back, I'll buy you our competitors' product. I'll buy you whatever other brand you want." Suddenly the women were interested, and they all plunked down their money. None of the women ever took Steiner up on his offer. So Steiner decided to make it part of his business practice. This new guarantee was an example of ____.

question

is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

answer

Organizational development ____.

question

change agent

answer

Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. Valerio was a(n) ____.

question

discontinuous change

answer

When a U.S. automaker learned that it took longer than any other U.S. car manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle did it enter?

question

incremental change

answer

During the ____ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design.

question

creativity

answer

Mike Domek is the owner of the Florida-based Tickets Now.com. Domek's company tapped a market that Ticketmaster had neglected: He specialized in locating and securing premium seating and tickets to sold-out events. Domek used ____ to locate and serve a profitable market.

question

creativity

answer

____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas.

question

competitive advantage

answer

Refer to Gore. When introduced, Gore-Tex fabric gave its manufacturer W. L. Gore a _____.

question

shortens the innovation process

answer

The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.

question

true

answer

The typical S-curve pattern of innovation indicates that both early and late in the technology cycle, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance.

question

coercion

answer

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

question

group compensation

answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

question

generational change

answer

When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred.

question

creative work environment

answer

Kodak is a company name associated with photography and has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. Kodak can encourage the development of a culture where workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed by offering challenging work and supervisory encouragement. In other words, the company can create a(n) ____.

question

design iteration

answer

Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used ____ to produce the best possible tiller before introducing it to the market.

question

knowledge, tools, and techniques

answer

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

question

results drive

answer

An Internet strategy enabled Nestlé USA to change its way of doing business and allowed the company to change its staid, risk-averse culture; from buying raw materials to processing purchase orders to marketing the roughly 2,000 products that make up its nearly 200 brands. Employees worked to "Make e-business the way we do business." Nestlé USA used ____ change to reinvent the company

question

false

answer

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

question

technological discontinuity

answer

Kodak is a company name associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.

question

positioning

answer

Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus are the three types of ____ strategies discussed in the text.

question

external growth

answer

When Clorox Corporation, the manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of ____.

question

external growth

answer

When Coca-Cola acquired a water-treatment and bottling plant so it could produce and market Dasani brand bottled water, it was an example of ____.

question

true

answer

The three positioning strategies are cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.

question

prospecting

answer

Because of slowing sales, Arm ; Hammer started promoting innovative uses for its baking soda. By searching for new market opportunities, the manufacturer of Arm ; Hammer is using which type of adaptive strategy?

question

sorporate level strategy

answer

The term ____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"

question

core capabilities

answer

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Since then, the company has maintained a technological leadership in the production of bike and bike accessories and an organizational culture that encourages innovation. Technological leadership, as well as its organizational culture, are the company's ____.

question

grand strategies

answer

Which of the following is an example of a common approach to corporate-level strategy?

question

bargaining pwer of suppliers

answer

According to Michael Porter, five industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified?

question

retrenchment

answer

The purpose of a ____ strategy is to turn around very poor company performance by shrinking the size or scope of the business.

question

strategic dissonance

answer

An organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.

question

core firm

answer

Imagine Dow Chemical is conducting a situational analysis. According to its sales, Dow is the second largest chemical company in the world. BASF is the largest. Both companies use a similar strategy. Within Dow's situational analysis, BASF would be classified as a ____.

question

false

answer

Differentiation is the positioning strategy of producing a product or service of acceptable quality at consistently lower production costs than competitors.

question

false

answer

Most companies compete directly with all the firms in their industry.

question

assess the need for strategic change

answer

The first step in the strategy-making process is to ____.

question

false

answer

A competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when other companies have found it very expensive to duplicate the what the firm is providing to customers

question

distinctive competence

answer

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its ____.

question

growth

answer

McDonald's uses a ____ strategy (a kind of grand strategy) as it increases its profits in France by offering uniquely French products such as Croque McDo, the McDonald's version of a popular French grilled sandwich.

question

low resource similarity

answer

Under conditions of ____, a competitive attack by the stronger rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive advantage.

question

operational

answer

____ plans direct the behavior, efforts, and priorities of operative employees for periods ranging from one to six months.

question

options based

answer

____ planning keeps options open by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

question

true

answer

Tactical plans and objectives are used to direct behavior, efforts, and attention over the next six months to two years.

question

options based planning

answer

____ can help organizations to maintain flexibility as they plan.

question

decreasing a type conflict

answer

The nominal group technique improves group decision making by ____.

question

identified its problem as the fact that demand for its beer exceeds its ability to supply it

answer

Refer to Yuengling. In the first stage of the planning process for Yuengling, it should have ____.

question

planning

answer

After earning $8 billion in profit, Royal Dutch/Shell decided to strive to double its profits within the next five years. Which classical management function would be instrumental in achieving this goal?

question

relative comparisons

answer

One method of weighing decision criteria uses ____, which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.

question

middle managers

answer

Who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?

question

gathering and providing performance feedback

answer

Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

question

policies and procedures

answer

____ are types of standing plans.

question

intensified effort, persistence, direction, and creation of task strategies

answer

How does a company benefit from planning?

question

true

answer

Planning can impede change, create a false sense of certainty, and lead to the detachment of planners.

question

true

answer

Groupthink is more likely to occur in a highly cohesive group that is insulated from others and has no established procedure for systematically defining problems and exploring alternatives.

question

true

answer

Tactical plans specify how a company will use its resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

question

false

answer

Planning is a three-step process which involves setting goals, then next developing effective action plans, and finally tracking progress toward goal achievement.

question

false

answer

The rational decision-making model assumes that managers make decisions under conditions of uncertainty.

question

decision making

answer

____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

question

Planning gives direction to managers and employees.

answer

Refer to Krispy Kreme. How does Krispy Kreme benefit from planning?

question

Select an open-minded group leader

answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the rules for effective brainstorming?

question

use more positive reinforcement

answer

After their first year of managerial experience, managers tend to:

question

inefficient

answer

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spent a total of $75 million to launch two sodas, banking on the low-carb trend. Carb-conscious consumers rejected the drinks en masse. The new brands grabbed a combined market share of less than 1 percent. Given that the objective of both soft drink manufacturers was to increase their market share, the introductions were notably

question

conceptual skills and the motivation to manage

answer

Which skills increase in their importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial ranks?

question

top manager

answer

Eastman Kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. The company, which is run as an independent unit, has experienced excessive financial losses the last three years. The ____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable.

question

manage internal and external relationships

answer

Team leaders typically

question

monitor

answer

Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform

question

false

answer

Managers are responsible for doing the basic work in the company.

question

negotiator

answer

According to Mintzberg, which role would a manager assume if she were trying to convince union members to accept a 25-cent-per-hour reduction in pay in order to keep the manufacturing plant open?

question

true

answer

Upper-level managers may actually spend more time dealing with people than lower-level managers.

question

management

answer

____ is defined as getting work done through others

question

is a derailer

answer

As the shift supervisor at a car wash, Jacob is bossy, arrogant, and insensitive to the needs of his subordinates. He is unable to delegate any tasks to the other employees. He will more than likely never be a middle or top manager because he

question

first line manager

answer

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules

question

establish a positive organizational culture that encourages employees to be passionate about their clients

answer

A top manager for a management consulting firm would

question

middle managers

answer

It is the responsibility of ____ to develop intermediate plans, or plans designed to produce results within six to eighteen months.

question

planning

answer

To achieve its goal of increased market share, Krispy Kreme launched a program in Palm Beach County, Florida, that awards grade-school students a free doughnut for every A on their report cards. Creating this program was primarily the function of which management function? Which management function was used to create this program

question

false

answer

Technical skill refers to the ability to see the organization as a whole, how the different parts affect each other, and how the company fits into or is affected by its environment.

question

setting objectives consistent with organizational goals or planning and implementing subunit strategies for achieving these objectives

answer

Which of the following typically is NOT performed by top managers?

question

efficiency

answer

Refer to Krispy Kreme. The building of the Effingham plant increased the ____ of the Krispy Kreme operation.

question

people management

answer

After a year as a manager, new managers typically realize their job is

question

manage external and internal relationships

answer

Team leaders typically

question

soldiering

answer

____ occurs when workers deliberately slow down their pace or restrict their work outputs.

question

frank and lilian gilbreth

answer

Which management theorist would most likely have said, "The greatest waste in the world comes from needless, ill-directed, and ineffective motions"?

question

organization

answer

Chester Barnard defined a(n) ____ as "a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons."

question

false

answer

One of the most commonly used operations management tools is cognitive mapping which is used to better understand the psychology of the workers.

question

inventory

answer

What is the term used for the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession?

question

true

answer

One of the limitations of bureaucratic management is the resistance of bureaucracies to change.

question

unity of command

answer

According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, ____ requires that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss

question

false

answer

According to Chester Barnard, for many managerial requests or directives, there is a zone of indifference in which managers don't really care if the request is met or the directive is performed.

question

false

answer

A systems approach to management encourages managers to view each division as a separate, vital organism.

question

true

answer

Management ideas and practices have been used from the earliest times of recorded history

question

domination

answer

According to Mary Parker Follett, ____ is the easiest way to deal with conflict for the moment, but it is not usually successful in the long run

question

true

answer

Because of Eli Whitney's ideas for increasing production in a gun-manufacturing operation, most products are manufactured today using standardized, interchangeable parts.

question

false

answer

Mary Parker Follett believed that managers could best deal with conflict through compromise

question

true

answer

One of the advantages of a systems view of management is that it forces managers to be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization.

question

eli whitney

answer

Who is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts.

question

false

answer

Technological management involves managing the production of goods and services

question

open systems

answer

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____.

question

henri fayol

answer

____ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management.

question

false

answer

Managers often prefer economic statistics to business confidence indices as tools for managerial decision making because of their inherently greater accuracy.

question

product liability

answer

Which of the following is NOT a potential legal risk associated with traditional managerial decisions like recruiting, hiring, and firing employees?

question

opportunistic behavior

answer

A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to ____ in which one party benefits at the expense of the other.

question

true

answer

Advocacy groups cannot directly regulate organization practices.

question

technological

answer

More premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals.

question

a competitive analysis

answer

____ involves deciding who your competitors are, anticipating competitors' moves, and determining competitors' strengths and weaknesses.

question

economic

answer

Suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income within Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75 percent of the population is below the poverty line would be a(n) ____ component in the manufacturer's general environment.

question

as predictors of future economic activity when making business decisions

answer

Managers often prefer to use business confidence indices ____.

question

adaptability

answer

According to a book by a Harvard Business School professor, some organizational cultures simply cannot meet the challenges posed by innovation and must respond to threats from new technologies by building outside ventures. Digital Equipment is described as having one of those organizational cultures. The company squandered the opportunities presented by the PC revolution even though it was well equipped to build cheap PCs. The company did not have ____.

question

general and the specific

answer

What are the two types of external organizational environments?

question

false

answer

When used together, the combination of behavioral substitution, behavioral addition, and changing visible artifacts is extremely likely to achieve the desired changes in organizational culture.

question

resource scarcity

answer

In a very strong economy, where the demand for qualified job applicants exceeds the supply, the environmental characteristic of ____ is likely to be particularly salient for many companies.

question

political/legal

answer

Fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

question

simple; complex

answer

In terms of environmental complexity, ____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas ____ environments have many environmental factors.

question

the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home

answer

For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be a component of its socio-cultural environment?

question

buyer dependence

answer

An increase in ____ can lead to opportunistic behavior in which one party benefits at the expense of the other.

question

behavioral substitution and addition

answer

When using ____techniques to change organizational culture, the key to success is to choose behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the old culture that is changing and the new culture you want to create.

question

knowledge, tools, and techniques

answer

Technology is the ____ used to transform inputs (raw materials, information, etc.) into outputs (products or services).

question

true

answer

The two types of integrity testing currently used by employers are overt integrity tests and personality-based integrity tests.

question

true

answer

Stakeholders are people or groups with an interest in a company's actions.

question

false

answer

The level of agreement on whether behavior is good or bad is defined as the level of ethical acceptance.

question

whistleblower

answer

In May 2005, U.S. Attorney Michael J. Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged Oracle Corporation had violated the False Claims Act in connection with billing the federal government for software training services. The U.S. government learned about the overcharging from a former Oracle vice president. The vice president acted as a(n) ____.

question

examining the loss incurred by the victims

answer

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, what is one method used to determine the level of the offense (i.e., the seriousness of the problem)?

question

true

answer

Probability of effect is the chance that something will happen and then result in harm to others

question

Economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities.

answer

Which of the following statements about social responsibility is true?

question

magnitude of consequences

answer

Shell Oil Company's plan to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy had a massive effect on employee motivation and recruitment. The number of qualified people applying for jobs at Shell plummeted, and many employees looked for positions in other companies. The plan caused much greater harm than Shell's managers had ever imagined it would. In other words, the plan had a much greater ____ than predicted.

question

whistleblower

answer

Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored once again in a safe location. Graf actions can be described as a(n) ____.

question

act

answer

The last step in the basic model of ethical decision making is to ____.

question

stakeholder

answer

According to the ____ model, management's most important responsibility is long-term survival (not just maximizing profits). Long-term survival, according to this model, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders

question

accommodative

answer

The Rainforest Action Network, a national advocacy group, launched a bruising PR campaign to stop Home Deport from selling old-growth lumber. After two years of bad publicity and resistance to new store locations, Home Depot surrendered. Today, its suppliers are working with environmental and forestry groups to certify that their wood products are not from endangered areas. Home Depot used a(n) ____ strategy to respond to demands that it be socially responsible.

question

true

answer

Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group

question

false

answer

All four areas of social responsibility for companies (economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary) are equally important to a company's overall level of social responsibility.

question

true

answer

Concentration of effect is how much an act affects the average person.

question

proactive

answer

IBM has a long-standing "Reinventing Education" program, which involves intensive research into how educational institutions can use the fruits of new technologies to transform what they do and thereby improve education. IBM is using a(n) ____ strategy to show its social responsibility

question

true

answer

A company using a reactive strategy to respond to demands for social responsibility will do less than society expects.

question

true

answer

The shareholder model and the stakeholder model are two techniques for determining to whom organizations should be socially responsible.

question

true

answer

Unlike licensing, franchising, or joint ventures, wholly owned affiliates are 100 percent owned by the parent company.

question

a government import standard

answer

The European Union (EU) bans the importation of hormone-fed U.S. beef and bioengineered corn and soybeans on safety grounds. This ban is so consumers in the EU will buy domestic beef and products made from domestically produced corn and soybeans. This ban is an example of ____.

question

false

answer

It appears that all companies follow the phase model of globalization when entering foreign markets

question

cooperative

answer

The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts.

question

false

answer

Global new ventures bring a good or service to market in one foreign market at a time

question

true

answer

Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries.

question

political and policy uncertainty

answer

What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business?

question

maastrich treaty

answer

The signing of the ____ created a regional trading zone in Europe

question

uncertainty avoidance

answer

The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

question

joint venture

answer

A ____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company.

question

how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

answer

The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

question

exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly-owned affiliates

answer

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

question

tariff

answer

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) ____.

question

exporting

answer

Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market.

question

purchasing power

answer

A cosmetics company that is considering entering the South American market would be especially interested in the discretionary income within that region. In other words, which of the following would be a determining factor in its global strategy?

question

licensing

answer

Sodima is a French cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, and the patents on Yoplait yogurt. General Mills pays Sodima for the right to sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States. This is an example of ____.

question

policy uncertainty

answer

The Japanese government decreed that Japanese snow was different from all others and required that all snow equipment marketed in the country be made in Japan for safety reasons. The elimination of non-Japanese companies from the market is an example of how ____ can influence global business.

question

political uncertainty

answer

Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. Several mining companies recently moved their operations out of the region due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. This is an example of how ____ can influence global business.

question

options based

answer

____ planning keeps options open by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

question

strategic plans

answer

Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

question

tactical

answer

A department store is experiencing greater than usual losses due to theft and management wants it stopped. Middle management decided to hire a security company to study the problem and develop the best plan for dealing with it. Middle management have implemented a(n) ____ plan.

question

false

answer

Both absolute comparisons and relative comparisons are methods for identifying decision criteria

question

false

answer

A strategic objective is a statement of a company's purpose or reason for existing.

question

problem

answer

In the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. Tthe company recognized this unauthorized bottler as a(n) ____.

question

true

answer

Both proximal and distal goals are used to provide additional motivation and rewards for employees.

question

false

answer

Developing a purpose statement is the sole responsibility of middle management.

question

relative comparison

answer

One method of weighing decision criteria uses ____, which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.

question

problem

answer

A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).

question

rational decision making

answer

Neither Chile nor Peru has a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from trying to determine what can be done to make its coffee houses successful in those markets. By recognizing that people in these two South American countries do not drink coffee like people in the United States and that they should change this habit, Starbucks has begun a ____ process with problem identification.

question

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

answer

Planning is ultimately based upon ____.

question

false

answer

Planning is a three-step process which involves setting goals, then next developing effective action plans, and finally tracking progress toward goal achievement.

question

policies and procedures

answer

____ are types of standing plans

question

standing plan

answer

The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.

question

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

answer

According to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning?

question

production blocking

answer

Which of the following is a disadvantage of face-to-face brainstorming that is overcome by electronic brainstorming?

question

false

answer

The two approaches to maintaining flexibility in organizations while they plan are outcome-based planning and change-based planning.

question

rules and regulations

answer

Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?

question

a type conflict

answer

____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

question

strategic reference point

answer

For companies whose main products will not be seen by consumers and whose skills lie in productivity anonymity, a ____ could be to create a brand image to create a distinctive competence.

question

true

answer

The three steps of the strategy-making process are (1) assess the need for strategic change, (2) conduct a situational analysis, and (3) choose the strategic alternatives.

question

growth

answer

McDonald's uses a ____ strategy (a kind of grand strategy) as it increases its profits in France by offering uniquely French products such as Croque McDo, the McDonald's version of a popular French grilled sandwich.

question

true

answer

A strategic group is a group of other companies, within an industry, that top managers choose for comparing, evaluating, and benchmarking their company's strategic threats and opportunities.

question

true

answer

Strategic dissonance is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.

question

true

answer

Companies often choose a stability strategy when their external environment doesn't change much or after they have struggled with periods of explosive growth.

question

unrelated diversification

answer

Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffeehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDs and other non-coffee items. The making and marketing of the CDs and other non-coffee products would be an example of ____.

question

retrenchment

answer

Significant cost reductions, layoffs of employees, closing of poorly performing stores, offices, or manufacturing plants, or closing or selling entire lines of products or services would be characteristic of a ____ strategy.

question

false

answer

Companies that succeed are often constantly re-examining strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past in order to ascertain their probable future success.

question

false

answer

When companies are performing above or better than their strategic reference points, top management is more likely to choose a daring, risk-taking strategy.

question

external growth

answer

When Clorox Corporation, the manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of ____.

question

potential for long term profitablility

answer

According to Harvard professor Michael Porter, five industry forces (character of rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of buyers) determine an industry's overall attractiveness and its ____.

question

other firms with an industry

answer

In a situational analysis, a strategic group is a group of ____ that top managers choose for comparing, evaluating, and benchmarking their company's strategic threats and opportunities.

question

focus

answer

The positioning strategy that is always paired with one of the other two positioning strategies to produce a specialized product or service is ____.

question

strategic reference points

answer

____ are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage

question

grand strategies and the portfolio strategy

answer

The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are ____.

question

retrenchment

answer

In an attempt to stop declining profitability, ICI, a British chemical company, deleted petrochemical products from its production and concentrated on specialty chemicals, a less capital-intensive, less cyclical business. What type of a grand strategy was ICI using?

question

those companies have, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate the advantage

answer

A sustainable competitive advantage exists for an organization when other companies have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and ____.

question

core capabilities

answer

In any organization, the ____ are the less visible, internal decision-making routines, problem-solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs.

question

is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

answer

Organizational development ____.

question

coercion

answer

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

question

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

answer

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

question

change agent

answer

Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property ; Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. Valerio was a(n) ____.

question

change forces; resistance forces

answer

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.

question

speed innovation through early identification of new ideas or problems that would typically not have been generated until much later

answer

The purpose of multifunctional teams is to ____.

question

technological substitution

answer

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

question

change

answer

A company has experienced organizational ____ when its form, quality, or condition changes over time.

question

s curve

answer

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

question

creativity; organizational innovation

answer

When organizations successfully implement creative ideas, ____ must necessarily come before ____.

question

declaring victory too soon

answer

According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts?

question

the sources of innovation

answer

Companies need to excel at managing ____ in order to successfully manage innovation streams.

question

true

answer

An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

question

generational change

answer

Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in ____.

question

incremental change

answer

Titleist has been manufacturing golf balls for several years, but each year it comes out with new golf ball designs. Titleist's development of the new Pro VI golf ball with a solid core designed to benefit players with high swing speeds is one example of how the manufacturer survives through ____.

question

true

answer

The term innovation streams refers to patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage.

question

design iteration

answer

Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used ____ to produce the best possible tiller before introducing it to the market.

question

duplication

answer

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is ____.

question

functional

answer

Disadvantages of ____ departmentalization include slower decision making, the development of managers and workers with narrow experience and expertise, and makes it more difficult for cross-departmental coordination.

question

mechanistic

answer

In a(n) ____ organization, the normal procedure for dealing with any matter lying outside the boundaries of one individual's functional responsibility is to refer it to the point in the system where such responsibility is known to reside, or, failing that, to lay it before one's superior

question

customer

answer

A manufacturer of acrylic and latex gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services. Because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ____ departmentalization.

question

feelings of intrinsic motivation

answer

Novo Nordisk is a European manufacturer of pharmaceuticals. An employee , Rikke NedergaardBischoff, who is a clinical-development scientist, contends that Novo upholds the standards expected of public institutions without the stifling bureaucracy. She says, "There's a great deal of empowerment at Novo Nordisk." Novo Nordisk provides NedergaardBischoff with ____.

question

accountability

answer

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.

question

empowerment

answer

____ is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable of self-determination.

question

vertical loading

answer

According to the job characteristics model, ____ means pushing some managerial authority down to workers.

question

mechanistic

answer

A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

question

virtual organization

answer

In the automobile industry, three car manufacturers and a variety of suppliers and distributors have formed a network to create economies in production through outsourcing. It is intended for this ____ to cut as much as $3,000 from the costs of producing one car.

question

true

answer

An organic organization, is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibility; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge.

question

job enlargement

answer

An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.

question

true

answer

A virtual organization is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers with each other.

question

departmentalization

answer

Kimberly-Clark is subdivided into organizational units called Kimberly-Clark Health Care, which provides products to hospitals, Kimberly-Clark Professional, which sells to businesses, and Kimberly-Clark Consumer, which sells the company's products to customers. From this information, you know that Kimberly-Clark uses ____.

question

reengineering

answer

In recent years, the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) has undergone a radical change in how it determines and shares local weather conditions with pilots. Before the local base weather station was responsible for warnings. The quality of this information varied. Now AFWA provides the same high standard of weather information to all pilots. This is an example of ____?

question

reciprocal, pooled, and sequential

answer

The three types of task interdependence are

question

false

answer

Cross-department coordination tends to be very easy in organizations with functional departmentalization.

question

affective conflict

answer

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.

question

project

answer

A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of blacks and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. This ____ team has two years to gather information and create a plan.

question

false

answer

One of the disadvantages of project teams is their lack of flexibility.

question

norms

answer

The group of medical specialists that work in the neonatal unit of a large teaching hospital has assumed that one of the ____ they should follow is to explain to students the "whys" of specific procedures as they are performed. There is no hospital rule mandating that the students be told an explanation.

question

true

answer

Conflicts and disagreements often characterize the second stage of team development, which is called storming.

question

forming

answer

A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of black and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. At its inception, this group was in the ____ stage of team development.

question

false

answer

Since teams that get stuck in the storming stage will be strained but productive, it is important for team leaders to focus the team on balancing cognitive and affective conflict.

question

true

answer

The presence of someone with expertise in a group will often cause other group members to withhold efforts.

question

de norming

answer

In the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage

question

skill based pay; gainsharing

answer

In general, ____ is most effective for self-managing and self-directing teams performing complex tasks, while ____ works best in relatively stable environments where employees can focus on improving the productivity, cost savings, or quality of their current work system.

question

conflict managemnt training

answer

Which of the following is NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

question

team diversity

answer

E-Lab (the "E" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. These project teams are composed of students of theology, actors, and musicians as well as the more traditional marketing experts and statisticians. E-Lab teams benefit from ____.

question

functional or cross functional

answer

Teams can be broadly classified as either ____.

question

true

answer

Self-designing teams have all the characteristics of self-managing teams, but they can also control and change the design of the teams themselves, the tasks they do and how they do them, and who belongs to the teams.

question

true

answer

Structural accommodation means giving teams the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps them meet their stretch goals.

question

self- designing teams

answer

The highest level of team autonomy is found in ____.

question

project team

answer

Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedica Osteonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. This group would be classified as a(n) ____.

question

ample resources are available

answer

Which of the following statements describes a circumstance under which teams ought to be used?

question

ample resources are available

answer

Which of the following statements describes a circumstance under which teams ought to be used?

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