Question 1

process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior

Accepted Answer

motivation

Question 2

according to the Protestant ethic, person should work hard because hard work and prosperity would lead to a place in heaven. The organizational scholar who advanced the Protestant Ethic notion was:

Accepted Answer

Max Weber

Question 3

there are _____ approaches to motivation, one or another may be useful in specific organizational contexts with specific _____ or ____, at different times

Accepted Answer

several; individuals or groups

Question 4

Frederick Taylor\'s scientific management advanced the idea that:

Accepted Answer

the relationship or management and labor should be one of cooperation rather than conflict

Question 5

Basic motivational assumption within Taylor\'s scientific management is the same as within Adam Smith\'s political economic notions which is:

Accepted Answer

people are motivated by self-interest and economic gain

Question 6

what is the \"invisible hand\" that Adam Smith formulated to explain motivation for individual behavior?

Accepted Answer

unseen forces of a free market sysetm

Question 7

modern management practices such as employee management recognition programs, flexible benefit packages, and stock ownership plans emphasize ____ _____

Accepted Answer

external incentives

Question 8

What is an approach to employee motivation that considers both psychological needs and external incentives?

Accepted Answer

psychological ownership

Question 9

maslow\'s hierarchy of needs model begins with ___ needs and ends with ____ needs

Accepted Answer

physiological; self-actualization

Question 10

Alderfer\'s growth need category corresponds to Maslow\'s:

Accepted Answer

self-esteem and self-actualization eneds

Question 11

First professional position, provides very competitive salary and benefit package- your attention is now directed to learning and advancement opportunities. According to Alderfer and McGregor, these are:

Accepted Answer

growth and Theory Y concerns

Question 12

McGregor believed that theory x assumptions were appropriate for:

Accepted Answer

individuals motivated by lower order needs

Question 13

maslow\'s progression hypothesis states:

Accepted Answer

only ungratified needs motivate behavior

Question 14

Kenexa (leading HR service company) uses blend of psychology and technology to \"inspire\" employees by:

Accepted Answer

listening to employees through interviews and surveys

Question 15

people who have strong desire to control others are high in:

Accepted Answer

need for power

Question 16

need for achievement concerns include:

Accepted Answer

challenging goals, task difficulty, improvement

Question 17

the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is used to measure:

Accepted Answer

the achievement motive

Question 18

high need for socialized versus personalized power is a characteristic of an ____ ____-

Accepted Answer

effective leader

Question 19

According to Herzberg, major difference between motivator and hygiene factors includes:

Accepted Answer

motivators deal with job characteristics that are intrinsic to the job and hygiene factors deal with characteristics of environment or factors extrinsic to the job

Question 20

being dissatisfied with various rules and regulations at a job, or ____ ____

Accepted Answer

hygiene factors

Question 21

what is both a hygiene and motivational factor in research done on Herzberg\'s 2 factor theory?

Accepted Answer

pay

Question 22

what is a motivating factor in Herzberg\'s two-factor theory?

Accepted Answer

recognition

Question 23

A valid conclusion regarding herzberg\'s two-factor theory is:

Accepted Answer

hygiene factors are of some importance up to a threshold level

Question 24

what is NOT a valid criticism of Herzberg\'s two-factor theory?

Accepted Answer

extrinsic factors may be more important in determining satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job

Question 25

what factors are related to job dissatisfaction (Herzberg)

Accepted Answer

hygiene factors

Question 26

Key understanding to the relationship between hygiene and motivation factors is:

Accepted Answer

they are independent

Question 27

What ideas are consistent with new ideas in motivation?

Accepted Answer

1.eustress 2. individuals are motivated by their own physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual energy 3. energy recovery is as or more important than energy expenditure

Question 28

eustress most accurately reflects:

Accepted Answer

the positive side of stress which is healthy and normal

Question 29

demands the organization can place on the employee:

Accepted Answer

deadlines, quality standards, production quotas

Question 30

equity theory is a:

Accepted Answer

process approach to motivation

Question 31

if you use calculated involvements as basis for understanding person\'s relationship with a work organization, what would be best framework?

Accepted Answer

social exchange

Question 32

if in a group and feel others are making minimal contributions, you are LEAST likely to:

Accepted Answer

increase participation and contribution

Question 33

under equity theory, people are motivated when:

Accepted Answer

then find themselves in a situation they see as unfair

Question 34

An equity sensitive individual (Adam) is:

Accepted Answer

someone who prefers an equity ratio equal to that of their comparison other

Question 35

the importance and value placed on a reward in expectancy theory is known as

Accepted Answer

valence

Question 36

according to expectancy theory of motivation, individuals will make choices based on:

Accepted Answer

anticipated outcomes of those choices or decision

Question 37

the close linkage of _____ to performance under expectancy theory is crucial for enhancing motivation

Accepted Answer

rewards

Question 38

in case of repeated failure under expectancy theory, employee may

Accepted Answer

reduce effort

Question 39

motivation theory that holds that employee motivation is determined by the belief that a valued outcome will result from effort is called:

Accepted Answer

expectancy theory

Question 40

the belief that performance is connected to rewards:

Accepted Answer

instrumentality

Question 41

expectancy theory of motivation focuses on:

Accepted Answer

personal perceptions

Question 42

under expectancy theory of motivation, employee can most easily adjust:

Accepted Answer

effort

Question 43

what are weaknesses of expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

1. theory assumes a person is total rational 2. theory\'s complexity has made it difficult to test 3. measures of instrumentality, valence, and expectancy have only weak validity

Question 44

under expectancy theory, person\'s motivation increases along with the belief that effort leads to performance and:

Accepted Answer

that performance leads to rewards and the reward is valued

Question 45

include need models, equity and expectancy theories, as well as goal-setting approaches

Accepted Answer

internal theories of motivation

Question 46

says only ungratified needs motivate behavior

Accepted Answer

maslow\'s theory

Question 47

increased emphasis on ____ focuses attention on satisfaction of social and affiliation needs

Accepted Answer

teamwork

Question 48

______ theory explains both progression need and gratification up the hierarchy and regression when people are faced with frustration

Accepted Answer

ERG

Question 49

Alderfer\'s growth need, McClelland\'s need for achievement, and Maslow\'s self-actualization are _______

Accepted Answer

similar

Question 50

_______ ____ ____ rests on the higher order needs of Maslow\'s need hierarchy

Accepted Answer

McGregor\'s theory Y

Question 51

Motivation factors relate to job satisfaction and hygiene factors relate to job dissatisfaction is ________\'s model

Accepted Answer

Herzberg\'s model

Question 52

new line of research called ____ ______ ______ emphasizes the management of energy rather than focusing on how time is managed

Accepted Answer

positive organizational behavior

Question 53

new idea in motivation includes focusing on learning lessons fro m _____ ____ inorder to develop _____ ______

Accepted Answer

professional athletes; corporate athletes

Question 54

when an employee\'s knowledge and skills match job task demands, an acceptable _____ _____ _____will take place

Accepted Answer

individual-organizational match

Question 55

________ exists when one person\'s ratio of inputs to outputs is different than the ratio of a comparison person

Accepted Answer

inequity

Question 56

as organizations grow internationally, they may have trouble determining ____ and _____ ______/______ across national borders

Accepted Answer

pay and benefit equity/inequity

Question 57

the belief that performance is related to rewards

Accepted Answer

instrumentality

Question 58

belief that people are motivated by \"enlightened\" self-interest is consistent with ___ _____\'s view on _____

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith\'s view on motivation

Question 59

expectancy theory holds up more strongly in cultures that value ________

Accepted Answer

individualism

Question 60

needs of workers are ______ across cultures

Accepted Answer

different

Question 61

work conditions related to dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain

Accepted Answer

hygiene factors

Question 62

factors and conditions outside the person that may explain and predict a person\'s behavior

Accepted Answer

external

Question 63

arousal and sustaining goal-directed behavior

Accepted Answer

motivation

Question 64

what is most appropriate and beneficial to the individual

Accepted Answer

self-interest

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