MGMT 3370 ch.2 questions – Flashcards
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In 1776, _____ discussed control and the principle of specialization with regard to manufacturing workers.
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Adam Smith
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_____ refer(s) to reductions in the average cost of a unit of production as the total volume produces increases.
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Economies of scale
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_____, one of the first university programs to offer management and business education, was founded in the late 19th century.
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The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania
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_____ is a classical management approach that attempted to build into operations the specific procedures and processes that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve established goals and plans.
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Systematic management
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_____ introduced the scientific management approach that advocated the application of scientific methods to analyze work and to determine how to complete production tasks efficiently.
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Frederick Taylor
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In the context of scientific management, which of the following is true of Frederick Taylor's contributions?
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Taylor advocated the use of the differential piecerate system
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In the context of scientific management, critics claimed that:
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it did not help managers deal with broader external issues such as government regulations
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In the context of classical approaches to management, _____ believed bureaucratic structures can eliminate the variability that results when managers in the same organization have different skills, experiences, and goals.
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Max Weber
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Which of the following is a drawback of the bureaucratic approach to management?
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Some people did not perform their best with excessive rules and regulations
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In the context of Henri Fayol's 14 principles of management, _____ refers to promoting a unity of interests between employees and management.
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esprit de corps
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In the context of administrative management, _____ wrote the book Dynamic Administration, which emphasized the continually changing situations that managers face.
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Mary Parker Follett
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Which of the following is one of Henri Fayol's 14 principles of management
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Scalar chain
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Which of the following is one of the five functions of management as identified by Henri Fayol?
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commanding
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Who contributed two key principles—the notion that managers desire flexibility and the differences between motivating groups and individuals—to administrative management?
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Mary Parker Follett
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In the context of classical approaches to management, the _____ approach aimed at understanding how psychological and social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance.
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human relations
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The _____ were a series of experiments conducted from 1924 to 1932 to investigate the influence of physical working conditions on workers' productivity and efficiency
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Hawthorne Studies
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In the context of the human relations approach to management, after conducting the four stages of the _____, Mayo and his team eventually concluded that productivity and employee behavior were influenced by the informal work group.
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Hawthorne Studies
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In the context of classical approaches to management, proponents of the ____ approach argued that managers should stress primarily employee welfare, motivation, and communication.
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human relations
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In the context of classical approaches to management, which of the following is a principle of the human relations approach?
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Social needs have precedence over economic needs
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Which classical approach to management advocates that management must gain the cooperation of the group and promote job satisfaction and group norms consistent with the goals of the organization?
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human relations
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Which of the following is true of Abraham Maslow's contribution to the field of human relations?
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He suggested that humans have five levels of needs
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According to Abraham Maslow, the most advanced human need is for:
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self-actualization
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Abraham Maslow suggested that the most basic human need(s) is/are the:
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physical needs
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In the context of the human relations approach to management, _____ argued that people try to satisfy their lower-level needs and then progress upward to the higher-level needs.
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Abraham Maslow
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In the context of classical approaches to management, _____ suggested that managers can facilitate the process of moving to higher-level needs after satisfaction of lower-level needs, and achieve organizational goals by removing obstacles and encouraging behaviors that satisfy people's needs and organizational goals simultaneously.
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Abraham Maslow
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Which of the following is a criticism of the human relations approach to management?
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The important characteristics of the formal organization are ignored
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In the context of classical approaches to management, critics believed that one result of the _____ approach—a belief that a happy worker was a productive worker—was too simplistic.
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human relations
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In the context of classical approaches to management, the _____ approach was a significant step in the development of management thought because it prompted managers and researchers to consider the psychological and social factors that influence performance.
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human relations
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Which of the following is a contemporary approach to management?
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quantitative management
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In the context of contemporary approaches to management, the _____ theory was developed in the early 1950s by researchers from the London-based Tavistock Institute of Human Relations.
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sociotechnical systems
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In the context of contemporary approaches to management, research on _____ promoted the use of teamwork and semiautonomous work groups as important factors for creating efficient production systems.
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sociotechnical systems theory
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Which of the following is true of the sociotechnical systems theory?
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It was put into action in the late 1980s and 1990s when each of the large U.S. automakers created cooperative ventures with the major Japanese automakers.
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In the context of contemporary approaches to management, managers may use _____ to compare alternatives and eliminate weaker options.
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quantitative management
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Which of the following is an explanation that accounts for the limited use of quantitative management?
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many of the decisions managers fave are non-routine and unpredictable
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In the context of contemporary approaches to management, the use of _____ has been limited because many aspects of a management decision cannot be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas.
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quantitative management
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_____ is a contemporary management approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes.
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organizational behavior
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A manager assume workers are lazy and irresponsible and require constant supervision and external motivation to achieve organizational goals. Which of the following theories of management does the manager subscribe to?
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Theory X
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When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision; then the employees eventually meet the manager's expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as a:
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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McGregor advocated a _____, suggesting that managers who encourage participation and allow opportunities for individual challenge and initiative would achieve superior performance.
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Theory Y perspective
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_____, a major organizational behaviorist, recommended greater autonomy and better jobs for workers.
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Chris Argyris
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In the context of organizational behavior, _____ stressed the value of participative management.
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Rensis Likert
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Which of the following is a criticism of the classical approaches to management?
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The relationship between the organization and its external environment is ignored.
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In the context of the systems theory, human resources, capital, and raw material are examples of _____.
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inputs
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The _____ refutes universal principles of management by stating that a variety of factors, both internal and external to the firm, may affect the organization's performance.
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contingency perspective
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In the context of the systems theory, factors that determine the appropriateness of managerial actions are known as _____.
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contingencies
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In the context of the systems theory, understanding _____ helps a manager know which sets of circumstances dictate which management actions.
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contingencies
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The values, goals, skills, and attitudes of managers and workers in the organization are examples of _____.
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contingencies
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In the context of modern contributors, _____ discovered that great companies are managed by "level 5 leaders" who often display humility while simultaneously inspiring those in the organization to apply self-discipline and self-responsibility while pursuing high standards.
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Jim Collins
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The ex-CEO of General Electric, _____, is widely viewed as having mastered "all of the critical aspects of leadership: people, process, strategy and structure."
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Jack Welch
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Who is sometimes criticized for his controversial practices such as selling off underperforming divisions and forced rankings of employees by performance?
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Jack Welch
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Competitive Strategy: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance is a book written by _____, a Professor at Harvard University, who is an influential expert on competitive strategy.
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Michael Porter
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_____, Professor at Harvard University, has published an influential research article titled "The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy."
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Michael Porter
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_____, written by Gary Hamel, was selected by Amazon.com as the best business book of 2007.
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The Future of Management
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Which of the following is the title of an influential article published by Gary Hamel?
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"The Core Competence of the Corporation"
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In the context of modern contributors, one of the major contributions of _____ was the need for organizations to set clear objectives and establish the means of evaluating progress toward those objectives.
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Peter Drucker
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In the context of modern contributors, _____ championed several ideas that continue to be influential to this day, including decentralization, employees as assets (not liabilities), corporation as a human community, and the importance of knowledge workers in the new information economy.
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Peter Drucker
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The book Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution written by _____ with coauthor Sumatra Ghoshal was named by the Financial Times as one of the 50 most influential business books of the 20th century.
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Christopher A. Bartlett
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Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman wrote the best-selling book _____, which urged U.S. firms to fight their competition by refocusing their business strategies on several drivers of success: people, customers, values, culture, action, and an entrepreneurial spirit.
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In Search of Excellence
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In his book the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change, Stephen Covey:
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Discussed how a leader's success hinges on balancing between personal and professional effectiveness
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In the context of managerial approaches, which of the following is true of change?
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If one does not anticipate change and adapt to it, one's firm will not thrive in a competitive business environment
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In the context of the above scenario, which of the following approaches to management does Sarah subscribe to?
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Contingency perspective
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In the context of the above scenario, which of the following is true of Sarah's beliefs?
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There is no "one best way" to manage and organize because circumstances vary
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In the context of the above scenario, which of the following approaches to management does Pinnacle Corp. follow?
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Bureaucracy
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In the context of the above scenario, which of the following is true of the organizational structure of Pinnacle Corp.?
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A chain of command or hierarchy is well established
