MedTerm Unit 3 – Flashcards
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ana-
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up, toward, apart (prefix)
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dys-
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bad, abnormal (prefix)
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epi-
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upon (prefix)
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hyper-
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excessive, above normal (prefix)
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meta-
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after, change (prefix)
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neo-
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new (prefix)
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aden/o
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root: gland
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carcin/o
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root: cancer
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chrom/o
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root: color
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cyt/o
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root: cell
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fibr/o
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root: fiber
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gen/o, gene/o
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root: formation, cause, produce
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hist/o
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root: tissue
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lei/o
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root: smooth
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lip/o
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root: lipid, fat
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mal/o
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root: bad
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melan/o
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root: darkness of color, black
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my/o
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root: muscle
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neur/o
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root: nerve, nervous tissue
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nucl/o, nucle/o
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root: kernel, nucleus
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onc/o
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root: tumor
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organ/o
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root: tool
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oste/o
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root: bone
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rhabd/o
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root: rod, rod-shaped
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sarc/o
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root: flesh, muscle
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thel/i
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root: nipple
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-al, -ic, -um
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suffix: pertaining to
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-elle
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suffix: small
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-gen
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suffix: formation, cause, produce
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-genesis
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suffix: origin, cause
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-genic
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suffix: pertaining to formation, causing, producing
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-logy
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suffix: study of
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-logist
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suffix: one who studies
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-oid
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suffix: resemblance to
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-oma
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suffix: abnormal swelling, tumor
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-osis
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suffix: process or condition that is usually abnormal
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-plasia
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suffix: a shape, formation (may also be used as a word root)
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-plasm
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suffix: something shaped (may also be used as a word root)
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-sis
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suffix: state of
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-some
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suffix: body
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-stasis
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suffix: standing still (may also be used as a word root)
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adenocarcinoma (Adeno-Ca)
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a malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
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anaplasia
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a loss of structural organization in a tissue that is permanent
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atoms
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a nonliving particle that is capable of combining with other atoms to form more complex structures
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benign
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adjective describing a non-invasive, slow growing tumor; nonmalignant
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cancer (CA)
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a disease characterized by the aggressive, unregulated growth of abnormal cells and their spreading to other tissues
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cancer in situ
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cancer in the early stages prior to metastasis (in situ generally means confined to a place of origin)
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carcinogen
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a substance that causes cancer
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carcinoma
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a cancer, or malignant tumor
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cardiac muscle
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muscle tissue that forms the wall of the heart and pushes blood through the circulatory system
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cell membrane
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the outer boundary of the cell, composed of mostly protein and lipids (fats), which regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell
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cells
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the most basic living units
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chemotherapy (chemo)
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treatment using drugs
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chromosomes
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an X-shaped structure in a cell's nucleus that bears DNA; all human cells contain 46 chromosomes, except mature sex cells, which contain 23
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connective tissue
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tissue consisting of widely scattered cells surrounded by extracellular material rich in protein fibers and fluid that connects, supports, and protects; it is found in bones, joints, and in between organs
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cytology
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the field of study concerned with the structure and function of cells
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dysplasia
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abnormal tissue development
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epithelial tissue
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type of tissue: tissue consisting of closely arranged cells that are flat, cube-shaped, or columnar
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epithelioma
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a tumor that originates from epithelium, usually from the skin
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epithelium
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tissue consisting of closely arranged cells that are flat, cube-shaped, or columnar
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fibroma
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a benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue
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fibrosarcoma
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a malignant tumor originating from fibrous connective tissue
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genes
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components of DNA that carry hereditary information
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histology
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the study of tissue
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hyperplasia
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an increase in the number of cells in a tissue, other than by tumor development
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leiomyoma
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a benign tumor of smooth muscle
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leiomyosarcoma
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a carcinoma that originates from smooth muscle
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lipoma
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a benign tumor of fat tissue
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malignant
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an adjective describing an aggressive, life-threatening, invasive tumor
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melanoma
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a cancer that bears a dark pigment, usually arising from pigment-producing cells of the skin
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metastasis (Mets)
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the spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor
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molecules
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a nonliving particle that is capable of combining with other molecules to form more complex structures
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muscle tissue
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tissue consisting of cells that are specialized to contract
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myoma
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a benign tumor of muscle tissue
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neoplasm
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a new growth of abnormal cells; a tumor
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nervous tissue
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tissue consisting of cells that are specialized to carry information in the form of electrochemical impulses
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neuroglia
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supportive cells within nervous tissue
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neuroma
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a tumor that originates from nervous tissue
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neuron
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a specialized cell of nervous tissue
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nucleus
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part of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA)
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oncogenic
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adjective meaning causing tumors
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oncologist
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a scientist or technician who studies cancer
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oncology
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the study of tumors
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organ systems
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a combination or organs and associated structures that share a common goal
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organelles
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small structures within the cytoplasm that perform most cell functions, such as the construction of molecules and the release and storage of energy
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organs
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a structure made of two or more different types of tissue that performs a general function in the body
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osteosarcoma
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a malignant cancer of bone
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radiotherapy
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treatment of cancer using radioactive materials
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remission
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improvement or absence of signs of disease
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rhabdomyoma
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a benign tumor that originates from skeletal muscle, which consists of rod-shaped cells
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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a malignant tumor that originates from skeletal muscle, which consists of rod-shaped cells
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sarcoma
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a tumor arising from connective tissue that is almost always malignant
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skeletal muscle
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muscle tissue that connects to bones and whose contraction causes bones to move
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smooth muscle
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muscle tissue within the walls of hollow organs whose contractions propel materials through them
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stage (of cancer development) (St)
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different times withing the development of the cancer
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tissues
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a group of similar cells that share a common goal or function
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tumor, node, metastasis
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abbreviated TNM
