MedTerm – Endocrine System – Flashcards
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The endocrine gland that is approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain is the
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pituitary
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Hormones are distributed through the body by
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the blood
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The hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex is
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called
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adenohypophysis
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The hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor is
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oxytocin
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Thyroxine, the hormone that is necessary for body cell metabolism, is secreted by the
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thyroid gland
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Insulin is secreted by the
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islets of Langerhans
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The parathyroid glands are located
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in the posterior aspects of the lobes of the thyroid gland
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The adrenal medulla secretes
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epinephrine
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The endocrine gland, located above each kidney and divided into portions called the medulla and cortex, is the
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adrenal gland
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The hormone that helps to maintain the level of calcium in the blood is
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parathormone
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The combining form cortic/o means
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cortex
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The combining form thyr/o is defined as
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thyroid gland
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The combining form that means potassium is
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kal/i
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Dips/o is a combining form meaning
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thirst
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The combining form that means extremities, height is
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acr/o
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The combining form that means calcium is
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calc/i
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The combining form that means gland is
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aden/o
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The suffix -drome means
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run, running
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The term that means state of total deficient pituitary gland activity is
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panhypopituitarism
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Enlargement (of one or both) of the adrenal glands is called
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adrenomegaly
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The term hyponatremia means a deficiency of which substance in the blood?
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sodium
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The term that means a state of excessive thyroid gland activity is
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hyperthyroidism
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The term parathyroidoma is defined as
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a tumor of the parathyroid gland
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The term acromegaly is defined as
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enlargement of the extremities
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The term hyperglycemia is defined as
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an excessive level of sugar in the blood
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The term hypothyroidism means
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state of deficient thyroid activity
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A chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that can cause chronic renal failure, retinopathy, and neuropathy is
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diabetes mellitus
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A condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium is
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tetany
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A group of signs and symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex is
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Cushing syndrome
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A condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of metabolic acid products is
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acidosis
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A decrease in the activity of the antidiuretic hormone produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland results in
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diabetes insipidus
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A condition brought about by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone is
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gigantism
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The term that means the enlargement of the thyroid gland is
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goiter
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The term given to the condition that results from a deficiency of thyroid hormone is
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myxedema
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The term that means excision of the thyroid gland is
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thyroidectomy
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The term adenectomy is defined as an excision of
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a gland
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The term thyroidotomy is defined as
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an incision of the thyroid gland
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A blood study that gives the direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the blood is a
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thyroxine level
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A nuclear medicine test that measures thyroid function is a
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radioactive iodine uptake
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A blood test that provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months is
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Hb A1C
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The term euthyroid is defined as resembling a/an
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normal thyroid gland
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The term corticoid means
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resembling the cortex
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The term polydipsia is defined as
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an abnormal state of much thirst
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The term syndrome is defined as
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signs and symptoms occurring together
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The term adrenopathy is defined as
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a disease of the adrenal gland
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The term euglycemia is defined as
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a normal level of sugar in the blood
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The term that means a narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts in the body is
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isthmus
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The sum total of the chemical processes that take place in a living organism is called
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metabolism
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The term that means substances secreted by the endocrine glands is
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hormones
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The abbreviation for the diagnostic test that determines the amount of glucose in the blood is
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FBS
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The abbreviation for the chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism is
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DM
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The abbreviation representing the hormone that stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water is
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ADH
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The abbreviation representing the hormone that promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant is
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PRH
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Weakness, darkening of skin, and loss of appetite were some of the signs and symptoms experienced by the patient diagnosed with a chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex or
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Addison disease
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The excessive concentrations of circulating parathyroid hormone appeared to be caused by a tumor of the parathyroid gland or
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parathyroidoma
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The patient who was eventually diagnosed with Graves disease first presented with the abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, or
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exophthalmos
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A blood test used to monitor diabetic treatment by measuring the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin coated with sugar) in the blood, providing an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months, was ordered by the endocrinologist to monitor the patient's treatment for diabetes. The name of the blood test is
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glycosylated hemoglobin
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The patient had signs and symptoms that included insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of the "good" cholesterol HDL. The patient's physician concluded that she had
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metabolic syndrome
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A patient had signs and symptoms that included fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. The physician prescribed treatment for
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hypothyroidism
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secretes "releasing hormone" that stimulates or inhibits the release of pituitary gland hormones
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hypothalamus
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referred to as the master gland
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pituitary gland
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hormone produced by this gland helps maintain the level of calcium in blood
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parathyroid glands
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secretes insulin and glucagon
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islets of Langerhans
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stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
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posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
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largest endocrine gland
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thyroid gland
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produces and secretes the growth hormone
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anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
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located above each kidney
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adrenal glands
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cortex
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cortic/o
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endocrine
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endocrin/o
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thirst
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dips/o
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calcium
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calc/i
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run, running
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-drome
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sodium
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natr/o
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potassium
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kal/i
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extremities, height
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acr/o
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state of excessive thyroid gland activity
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hyperthyroidism
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condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland (also called congenital hypothyroidism)
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cretinism
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incision of the thyroid gland
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thyroidotomy
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used to diagnose hypothyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy
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thyroid-stimulating hormone level
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disease of the adrenal gland
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adrenopathy
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sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism
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metabolism
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resembling the cortex
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corticoid
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condition of the body having an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies
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ketosis
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deficient sugar in the blood
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hypoglycemia
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enlargement of the extremities
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acromegaly
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condition brought about by hypersecretion of growth hormone
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gigantism
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enlargement of the thyroid gland
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goiter
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excision of one or both adrenal glands
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adrenalectomy
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measures thyroid function
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radioactive iodine uptake
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signs and symptoms occurring together that are characteristic of a specific disorder
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syndrome
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a chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland
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hormone
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diabetes insipidus
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DI
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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TSH
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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FSH
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prolactin-releasing hormone
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PRH
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thyroxine level
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T4
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diabetes mellitus
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DM
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fasting blood sugar
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FBS
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growth hormone
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GH
