Medieval History: Western Empire – Flashcards
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What happened during the Dark Ages?
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Decentralized government, less trade, less education, no unified language
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Roman Catholic Church
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Had more money and lands than kings. Christianity is spread throughout the Roman Empire
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Feudalism
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Local government
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Chivalry
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Idea of behavior; how you handle yourself
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St. George
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Everything that was good; fair; upright
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Who unified France?
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Clovis
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Who unified the Roman Empire
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Italy
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Which country was never unified until later times?
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Germany
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Another name for Vikings
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North men
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Which religion did Clovis convert him and his people?
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Roman Catholic
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Who unified the mongols?
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Ghengis Khan
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Why did France oppose the unification of Germany?
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They were scary
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Why did France oppose the unification of Italy?
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Because they wanted to be ruled under the church
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Great ruler, fought enemies (Lombards) to protect church. Depended and promoted Christianity. Gave land to church. Emperor to romans
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Charlemagne
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Who did the Muslims successfully attack?
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Spain and parts of Italy
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Crusade
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War between Christians and Muslims for holy land in Jerusalem; Temple Mount. Muslims won
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The Black Death
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Disease that sweeps through Europe and kills 33% of the population
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What was the point of banks?
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Safely store money & loan, gave money value
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What happened to education?
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Development of printing press; use of vernacular Lang; technology; university
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What did the kings want in England?
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they wanted absolute power and took away from nobles
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Who were the natives of England?
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Britains and celtics
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How long did the romans conquered and invade for?
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400 years
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Where did the saxons originate from
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English origin
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Another word for taxes during William the conquer time of ruling
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Doomsday book
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Henry II
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Wanted royal justice
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Juries
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People like us rule; decided wether guilty or not
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What did the nobles provide
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Protection & armies
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Common law
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Some laws and punishment for everyone
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King John
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Abused power; unpopular; illegally taxed people; nobles rebelled; signed magma carts for basic rights for nobles; excommunicated by pope
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Parliament
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House of upperclass lords. Makes laws and raise taxes
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Lords
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For the nobles (upperclass)
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Commons
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Working and lower class
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Some democracy to king and other nobles
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Feudalism
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Tried to increase landholdings through welfare and marriages; centralized government
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Philip II (2nd)
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Royal courts and justice juries. Promotion of Roman Catholic; purchased the crown of thrones and piece of cross
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Louis IX (9th)
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Continues royal taxes, army and law. Establishes genres (clergy, nobles, commoner)
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Philip IV (4th)
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Hundred years war
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England vs France for land and crown
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1st war
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English win and expands weapon
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Was put in charge of army; claims Christian saints and gods to lead army; female, minor, peasant, bought by English; burned
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Joan of arc
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What happened one she started to lead?
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They started to win battles. She was captured by the burgundy
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Destroys castles, disbanded armies, freedom for people in city
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Louis XIII (13th)
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Called himself sub king; thought countries revolved around France; hired middle class and peasants; expand royal health
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Louis XIV (14th)
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Controls nobles and workers, not help common people; helped with ship supplies during American revolution
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Louis XV (15th)
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Inherits all problems, spent money on luxury, goes bankrupt; he was executed with wife. son is sent to jail and dies
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Louis XVI (16th)
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What was Italy the center of?
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Center of trade and transportation
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Was on the first to start trading with byzantines and muslims
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Italy
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Invents European printing press, prints bible
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Gutenberg
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Pro dominate thought process about promoting this life use it technology, art, truth to improve your life
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Humanism
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"Common sense is not so common"
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Voltaire
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Father of humanism; writes about love and nature
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Patriarch
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Wrote "in praise of folly"; critizes society (superstition & RCC) social problems, politics; demands reform
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Erasmus
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Wrote "Utopia" (about a perfect world. No prejudice, ignorance)wouldn't speak in favor of the king; was executed; wanted to educate and teach women
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Th. More
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Wrote "Divine Comedy"( a fictitious journey to hell and heaven and purgatory) goes to heaven and describes the people; 9 circles of hell; Italian
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Dante
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English; wrote Canterbury Tales (a group of people traveling to Canterbury for protection); can't fix problems of society if you don't know the problems
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Chaucer
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Spanish; wrote don quixote; criticizes feudalism (knight and chivalry); thought some aspects of society were ridiculous
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Cervantes
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Wrote "the prince"; better to be feared than loved; he practical
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Machiavelli
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Critizes lack or educating politics and philosophy; talks about women's right
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C de Pizan
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Plays about emotions and character ; athello & Montaigne
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Shakespeare
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First painter to embrace bright colors and perspective; paintings about Christ
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Giotto
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Bronze & marble David, st. George
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Donatello
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Painter, bright colors, madonna &a child paintings, st George, school of Athens, crucafixition of Christ
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Raphael
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True renaissance, painter, sculpture, musician, inventer, scientist
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Designed the dome for St. Peter ( Pitea, David, Moses, Christ with cross), poet, architect, painter
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Michaelangelo
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Darker colors, elongated figures
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El Greco
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Dutch painter
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Rembrant
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Fountain of Neptune, fountain of 4 rivers, St. Peter square; architect and sculpture
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Bernini
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English scientist
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Bacon
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Studies human anatomy
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Vesalius
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Polish astronomer, proves sun is center of solar system (excommunicated)
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Copernicus
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Develops a telescope, observed moons of Jupiter orbiting Jupiter (house arrest)
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Galileo
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Orbitals are not perfect circular
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Kepler
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Discovered heart pumps blood
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Harvey
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Ideas of gases (chemist)
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Boyle
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Perfected microscope
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Leeuwenhoek
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Mathematician and philosophy; "I think therefore I am"
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Rene Descartes
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Genius of age, math, physics, calculus, laws of gravity and motion
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Isaac newton
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Nepotism
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Choose people based upon prior relationship
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Simony
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Bribery for position
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Challenges biblical authority, translates bible to old English, excommunicated
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Wycliffe
