Medical Terminology Study Guide – Flashcards
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midsagittal (median)
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right and left halves
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coronal (frontal)
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Anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects
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Transverse (horizontal)
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Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects
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What is in the cranial cavity which is located in the dorsal?
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brain
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What is located in the spinal cavity which is located in the dorsal?
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spinal cord
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What is located in the thoracic cavity which is located in the ventral part?
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heart, lungs, and associated structures
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What is located in the abdominopelvic cavity which is located in the ventral part?
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Digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures
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What is located in the Right Upper Quadrant?
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Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines, liver
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What is located in the Left Upper Quadrant?
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Left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines
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What is located in the Right Lower Quadrant?
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Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter
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What is located in the Left Lower Quadrant?
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Part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
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Abduction
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movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts
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adduction
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movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body
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medial
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pertaining to the midline of the body or structure
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lateral
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pertaining to one side
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superior
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toward the head or upper portion of a structure
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inferior
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away from the head, or twoard the tail or lower part of a structure
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proximal
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nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachent to the body
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distal
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further from the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body
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anterior (ventral)
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front of the body
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posterior (dorsal)
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back of the body
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parietal
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pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
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visceral
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pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs
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prone
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lying on the abdomen, face down
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supine
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lying horizontally on the back, face up
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inversion
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turning inward or inside out
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eversion
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turning outward
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palmar
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pertaining to the palm of the hand
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plantar
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pertaining to the sole of the foot
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superficial
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toward the surface of the body (external)
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deep
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away from the surface of the body (internal)
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sign
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objective indicators that are observable
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a palpable mass and tissue redness are examples of ________
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signs
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symptom
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subjective and is experienced only by the patient
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dizziness, pain, and malaise are examples of _______
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symptoms
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Layers of the skin:
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epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
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onych/o, Ungu/o
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nail
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onych/o/malacia
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softening of the nail
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ungu/al
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pertaining to the nails
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ecchymosis
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bruise
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erythema
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redness of the skin
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eschar
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damaged tissue following a severe burn
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pallor
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unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
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xeroderma
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chronic skin condition characterized by dryness and roughness and is a mild form of ichthyosis
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adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
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fat
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adip/osis
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abnormal condition of fat
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lip/o/cele
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hernia containing fat
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steat/itis
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inflammation of fatty tissue
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first degree burn
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least serious type, injure only the epidermis. May or may not have blisters.
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second degree burn
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deep burns that damage both the epidermis and part of the dermis. Blisters.
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third degree burn
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epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underying connective tissue is damaged, leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch
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Cheil/o/plasty
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Surgical repair of the lips
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Labi/o/plasty
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Surgical repair of the lips
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gingiv/o/plasty
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surgical repair of the gums
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cheil/ectomy
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excision of lip tissue
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labi/ectomy
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excision of lip tissue
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gingivectomy
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excision of gum tissue
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gastr/o/dynia
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pain in the stomach
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gastr/algia
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pain in the stomach
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stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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oritis
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inflammation of the mouth
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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cholecyst/ectomy
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excision of the gallbladder
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cholecyst/o/tomy
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incision of the gallbladder
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cholecyst/o/pathy
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any disease of the gallbladder
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inguinal hernia
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develops in the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs
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strangulated hernia
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occurs when the blood supply to the hernia is cut off because of pressure. This will lead to necrosis when gangrene
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umbilical hernia
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protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel. It occurs more commonly in obese women and among those who have had several pregnancies
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hiatal hernia
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lower part of the esophagus and the top of the stomach slides through an opening in the diaphragm into the thorax
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sept/o/plasty
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surgical repair of the septum
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rhin/o/plasty
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surgical repair of the nose
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peri/tonsill/ar
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pertaining to the area surrounding the tonsils
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atelectasis
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partial or complete collapse of the lung
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hemoptysis
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spits up blood
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dyspnea
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difficulty breathing
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eupnea
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normal breathing
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bradypnea
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slow breathing
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tachypnea
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fast breathing
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orthopnea
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difficulty breathing unless standing or sitting
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aort/o
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aorta
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aort/o/stenosis
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narrowing of the aorta
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arteri/o
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artery
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arteri/o/rrhexis
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rupture of an artery
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angi/o
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vessel
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angi/o/plasty
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surgical repair of a vessel
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vascul/o
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vessel
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vascul/itis
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inflammation of (blood) vessels
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hemangi/o
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blood vessel
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hemangi/oma
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tumor of blood vessels
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arteries carry blood
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from the heart
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veins carry blood
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to the heart
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arteries have ________ blood
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oxygenated
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veins have ________ blood
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deoxygenated
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hypertension
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high blood pressure, above 140/90
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hypotension
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low blood pressure, below 120/80
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normal blood pressure
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120/80
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systolic pressure
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the 120 in 120/80
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diastolic pressure
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the 80 in 120/80
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electr/o/cardi/o/gram
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the record of the electrical activity of the heart
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electr/o/cardi/o/graph
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the machine that records the electrical activity of the heart
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electr/o/cardi/o/graphy
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the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
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wrist bones
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carpals
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palm bones
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metacarpals
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fingers, toe bones
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phalanges
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ankle bones
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tarsals
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between the ankles and toe bones
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metatarsals
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dactyl/o
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fingers and toes
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myel/o
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spinal cord; bone marrow
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ankylosis
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stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
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crepitation
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dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
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subluxation
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partial or incomplete dislocation
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claudication
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lameness, limping
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adduction
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moves closer to the midline
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abduction
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moves away from the midline
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flexion
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decreases the angle of a joint
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extension
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increases the angle of a joint
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rotation
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moves a bone around its own axis
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pronation
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turns the palm down
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supination
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turns the palm up
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inversion
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moves the sole of the foot inward
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eversion
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moves the sole of the foot outward
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dorsiflexion
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elevates the foot
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plantar flexion
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lowers the foot (points the toes)
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oste/o
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bone
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arthr/o
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joint
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anuria
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absence of urine
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bacteriuria
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presence of bacteria in the urine
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dysuria
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painful or difficulty urinating
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enuresis
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involuntary discharge of urine- incontinence
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frequency
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need to urinate frequently
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hematuria
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blood in the urine
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hesitancy
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difficulty starting to urinate
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nocturia
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urinating excessively at night
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oliguria
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diminished amount of urine
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polyuria
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excessive urine
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cystolithiasis
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bladder stones
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nephrolithiasis
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kidney stones
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renolithiasis
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kidney stones
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cholecystolithiasis
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stones in the gallbladder
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lithiasis
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abnormal condition of stones or caliculi
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anorchidism
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absence of one or both testes
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nephropexy
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procedure to correct a floating or dropped kidney
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aspermia
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failure to form or ejaculate sperm
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KUB
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kidneys, ureter, and bladder radiography, radiographic examination to determine the location, size, and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic caity and identify abnormalities of the urinary system
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hydrocele
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term associated with the collection of fluid in the testes
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primigravida
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woman pregnant for the first time
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multigravida
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woman who has been pregnant more than once
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primipara
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woman who has given birth to one viable infant
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multipara
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woman who has delivered more than one viable infant
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G3 P2
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has been pregnant 3 times and delivered 2 babies
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hyster/ectomy
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surgical removal of the uterus
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salping/ectomy
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surgical removal of the fallopian tube
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oophor/ectomy
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surgical removal of an ovary
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ovari/ectomy
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surgical removal of an ovary
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episi/o/tomy
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incision made to enlarge the birth canal
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metrorrhagia
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bleeding between menstrual periods
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menorrhagia
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profuse or prolonged bleeding during menstrual periods
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menarche
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initial menstrual period
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oligomenorrhea
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scanty menstrual flow
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amenorrhea
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no menstrual flow
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dysmenorrhea
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painful menstrual flow
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cerebr/o/tomy
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incision of the cerebrum
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crani/o/malacia
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softening of the cranium
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encephal/o/cele
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herniation of the brain
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brady/kines/ia
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condition of slow movement
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tachy/kines/ia
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excessive movement; also called hyperactivity
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meningi/o, mening/o
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meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
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hemiplegia
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paralysis of one side of the body, typically as the result of a stroke; also called unilateral paralysis
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paraplegia
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paralysis of both lower limgs, typicall as a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of both arms and legs, typically as a result of trauma or disease of the upper spinal cord
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unilateral
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one side
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bilateral
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both sides
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contralateral
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opposite sides
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for "ae" and "oe"
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only the second vowel is pronounced
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the soft sounds of "s" and "j", respectively are given to "c" and "g"
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before e,i, and y in words of Greek or Latin origin... Before any other letters "c" and "g" have a hard sound
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the letters "ch"
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are sometimes pronounced like "k"
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when "pn" appears int he middle of a word
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"p" and "n" are both prounounced
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when "ps" appears at the beginning of a word
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"p" is silent and only "s" is pronounced
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when forming the final letters of a word "e" and "es" are
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commonly pronounced as separate syllables
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when "i" appears at the end of a word
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it is pronounced eye
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plural of pleura
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pleurae
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plural of thorax
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thoraces
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plural of lumen
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lumina
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plural of diagnosis
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diagnoses
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plural of appendix
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appendices
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plural of apex
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apices
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plural of carcinoma
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carcinomata
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plural of ganglion
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ganglia
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plural of bacterium
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bacteria
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plural of bronchus
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bronchi
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plural of deformity
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deformities
