Medical Terminology Module 10 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Involuntary nerves that stimulate the body in times of stress and crisis are __________ nerves.
answer
sympathetic
question
The _____ nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves.
answer
peripheral
question
Which of the following nervous system cells do not transmit impulses throughout the body? Glial Afferent Nerves Efferent Nerves Neurons
answer
Glial
question
The chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell that stimulates or inhibits another cell is called:
answer
A neurotransmitter
question
The main sensory relay center of the brain is the:
answer
Thalamus
question
The fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called:
answer
Ventricles
question
A nerve cell is a(n):
answer
Neuron
question
_____ nerves carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord.
answer
Afferent
question
The microscopic space through which an impulse is transmitted is a(n):
answer
Synapse
question
________ nerves carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord.
answer
Efferent
question
This threadlike extension carries impulses along a nerve cell.
answer
Axon
question
The "bridge" between the medulla and the midbrain is the:
answer
Pons
question
This posterior portion of the brain coordinates voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance.
answer
Cerebellum
question
The lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum and spinal cord is the:
answer
Brain stem
question
The __________ is the outer region of the cerebrum
answer
Cerebral cortex
question
The __________ activates and integrates the autonomic nervous system and controls pituitary secretions.
answer
Hypothalamus
question
White fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell is called:
answer
Myelin Sheath
question
The pia mater is the:
answer
Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
question
The peripheral nervous system includes _____ pairs of cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves.
answer
12, 31
question
Unlike other cranial nerves, the _____ nerve carries messages to and from the neck, chest, and abdomen.
answer
vagus
question
The purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to:
answer
Regulate the passage of potentially harmful substances form the blood into the nerve cells of the brain
question
The brain and spinal cord make up the ________ nervous system.
answer
central
question
"Star cells" called __________ are a type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries.
answer
astrocytes
question
Where are the thalamus and hypothalamus housed?
answer
diencephalon
question
_____is a severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache.
answer
A migraine
question
CVA is the abbreviation for
answer
Cerebrovascular accident
question
MS is the abbreviation for:
answer
Multiple sclerosis
question
TIA is the abbreviation for:
answer
Transient ischemic attack
question
ALS is the abbreviation for:
answer
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
question
________itis is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system involving the roots of the spinal nerves.
answer
Radicul
question
A ________cele is the hernial protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the spinal column.
answer
meningo
question
An________ means being insensitive to pain.
answer
algesic
question
Mrs. Jarod's seizures, visual disturbances, and memory deficit were caused by increased intracranial pressure from a malignant, rapidly growing tumor called ________blastoma multiforme.
answer
glio
question
Baby James's parents were told that he had spina ________, a congenital defect in the spinal column due to imperfect union of vertebral parts.
answer
bifida
question
________ disease is the degeneration of nerves in the brain leading to tremors, muscle rigidity, and a shuffling gait.
answer
Parkinson
question
A progressive neurologic disorder marked by gradual decline in mental capacity that can begin in middle age but is more frequently seen in the older person is ________ disease.
answer
Alzheimer
question
________ palsy is a disorder of the facial nerve that results in unilateral facial paralysis.
answer
Bell
question
Another name for absence seizures is:
answer
Petit mal seizures
question
Accelerating to get through a traffic light before it turned red, Jason was hit broadside by a car coming from the right and flipped. Three backseat passengers were treated and hospitalized for injuries. One backseat passenger lost consciousness at the scene of the accident. However, by the time he arrived at the hospital one hour later, he had regained consciousness and was coherent. No neurologic deficits were noted after a 24-hour observation period. This type of head injury is called a:
answer
Cerebral concussion
question
Mr. Morrison suffers from Lou Gehrig disease. Another term for Lou Gehrig disease is:
answer
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
question
The progressive muscular atrophy of Lou Gehrig disease that eventually progresses to involve most of the body, including the respiratory muscles, is the result of:
answer
Degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem
question
Which condition is associated with an excess of or hypersensitivity to dopamine?
answer
Tourette syndrome
question
Which condition develops in response to reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox?
answer
Herpes zoster
question
With __________, antibodies block the ability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to transmit the nervous impulse from nerve to muscle cells.
answer
myasthenia gravis
question
A medical term for abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements is:
answer
Dyskinesia
question
The medical term for inflammation of the meninges is __________.
answer
meningitis
question
Tonic-clonic seizures are also known as _______ events.
answer
ictal
question
A peculiar sensory sensation often preceding the onset of a seizure is called:
answer
aura
question
A general term that means a disease state of the brain is ________:
answer
encephalopathy
question
A lumbar puncture is also known as a:
answer
spinal tap
question
The ER physician suspected Baby Chang had meningitis and performed a lumbar puncture to obtain ________spinal fluid for analysis.
answer
cerebro
question
_____________ is the radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast medium.
answer
Cerebral angiography
question
Electro________ is the recording of the electrical activity of the brain.
answer
encephalography
question
A _____________ scan, which is abbreviated ___ scan, is a computerized imaging technique that shows chemical activity of the brain and gives information about brain function.
answer
positron emission tomography, PET
question
The procedure in which CSF is withdrawn for analysis from between two lumbar vertebrae is:
answer
Lumbar puncture
question
The imaging modality that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord using a contrast material is:
answer
Computed tomography
question
_____ is a computerized imaging technique that shows the chemical activity of the brain.
answer
PET
question
This imaging study uses sound waves to detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries.
answer
Doppler ultrasound
question
During __________ radiosurgery, a focused beam of radiation, called a(n) _________, can target a tumor to destroy it.
answer
stereotactic, gamma knife
question
Treatment of hydrocephalus involves the use of a __________ to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid.
answer
Shunt
question
Which of the following diagnostic procedures uses a magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy to image the brain and spinal cord?
answer
MRI
question
Which of the following is a procedure to diagnose abnormal electrical activity of the brain?
answer
EEG
question
Which of the following is a procedure that uses radioactive material that is taken up by the brain to gather information about the brain?
answer
PET
question
Preferred imaging technique for viewing brain damage related to infection, inflammation or tumors:
answer
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
question
The combining form encephal/o means:
answer
Brain
question
The combining form cerebr/o means:
answer
Cerebrum
question
The suffix -lepsy in the term epilepsy means:
answer
Seizure
question
The combining form vag/o means:
answer
Vagus nerve
question
_____neuritis is the inflammation of several nerves.
answer
Poly
question
________cele is the protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the spinal column.
answer
Myelomeningo
question
The medical term for headache is ceph________.
answer
algia
question
Baby Casey was born with spina bifida, which resulted in the protrusion of the meninges called a ________cele.
answer
meningo
question
Ms. Kabobi received a(n) ________ic medication to relieve her postoperative pain.
answer
analges
question
The outer layer of the meninges is called the ________ mater.
answer
dura
question
The largest and uppermost section of the brain is the:
answer
Cerebrum
question
A neurologic disorder marked by tics, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words is called:
answer
Tourette syndrome
question
Which procedure records electrical activity of the brain?
answer
Electroencephalography
question
The sensory warning some people experience before a seizure is called:
answer
an aura
question
Mrs. Granger, age 77, has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. During the past 3 months, she has experienced temporary episodes of paresthesia and paresis of the right arm consistent with TIAs. She now enters the hospital with a CVA. She has aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Mrs. Granger's diagnosis on hospitalization was:
answer
Cerebrovascular accident
question
The medical term for a condition of involuntary, spasmodic movements is:
answer
Dyskinesia
question
What is the term for brief episodes of neurologic deficit caused by temporary interference with blood supply to the brain?
answer
Transient ischemic attacks
question
Diagnostic studies for Mrs. Granger included an MRI and PET scan. Findings indicated blockage of a cerebral artery by a blood clot with necrosis and edema of the area involved. The type of cerebral infarction Mrs. Granger experienced is called a(n):
answer
Thrombotic stroke
question
Mrs. Talifori was diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Characteristic symptoms likely to be seen in Mrs. Talifori as the disease progresses include all of the following except:
answer
Quadriplegia
question
Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography confirmed that Mr. Hullinger has a malignant glioma that is surgically inaccessible. He is scheduled for stereotactic radiosurgery. A glioma is an intracranial tumor that arises from the:
answer
Supportive or connective tissue of the brain
question
Which procedure uses an intracranial guiding device to deliver high-dose radiation to the precisely targeted tumor tissue?
answer
Stereotactic radiosurgery
question
After losing consciousness, falling, and seizing, Clio, age 5, was brought to the ER by his parents. Two more episodes of tonic-clonic seizures occurred in the ER. Anticonvulsants were started and an EEG ordered. Another term for tonic-clonic seizures is:
answer
Ictal events
question
Tonic-clonic seizures are marked by:
answer
Sudden loss of consciousness and generalized involuntary muscle contractions that alternate with rigidity
question
Interview of the parents of 5-year-old Clio revealed that for about the last 24 hours, Clio has been irritable, febrile, vomiting, and experiencing cephalgia. On further examination, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) was noted. The physician performed a lumbar puncture to measure intracranial pressure and to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. Results confirmed a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Clio was started on antibiotics. Which term means inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
answer
Meningitis
question
The white wrapping that surrounds and protects the axon is the:
answer
Myelin sheath
question
Through which part of the neuron does an impulse leave the cell?
answer
Terminal end fiber
question
The first part of the nerve cell to receive the impulse is the:
answer
Dendrite
question
A fold in the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a:
answer
Gyrus
question
A network of intersecting nerves in the peripheral nervous system is called a:
answer
Plexus
question
A depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex is a:
answer
Sulcus
question
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain is called:
answer
Hydrocephalus
question
Lou Gehrig disease is another name for:
answer
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
question
Destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons in the brain and spinal cord describes which condition?
answer
Multiple sclerosis
question
Which of the following is a hereditary disorder caused by degenerative changes in the cerebrum?
answer
Huntington disease
question
Which of the following is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the motor neurons fail to transmit impulses to the muscles to cause muscle contraction?
answer
Myasthenia gravis
question
A burning pain experienced as a result of a peripheral nerve injury is called:
answer
Causalgia
question
The suffix -phasia means:
answer
Speech
question
A cerebral hemorrhage may be caused by a localized weakness in a blood vessel wall that dilates and bursts. This weak section of blood vessel is called a(n) _________:
answer
aneurysm
question
A general term for progressive neurologic conditions characterized by a gradual decline in mental ability is __________:
answer
dementia
