Medical Terminology – Digestive System Reading Words – Flashcards
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gastroenterology
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study of the digestive system (stomach and intestinal disorders)
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gastroenterologist
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specialist in the study of the digestive system (stomach and intestinal disorders)
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endoscopy
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visual examination of an organ
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digestive (gastrointestinal) system
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breaks down food, prepares it for absorbtion, and eliminates waste substances
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dento; odonto
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teeth
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-ist
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specialist
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orthodontist
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specialist in straight teeth
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ortho
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straight
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gingivo
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gum(s)
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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-itis
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inflammation
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glosso; linguo
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tongue
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hypoglossal; sublingual
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pertaining to under the tongue
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hypo-; sub-
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under, below, deficient
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-al; -ous; -ic; -ar; -ary; -eal; -ior
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pertaining to
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oro; stomato
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mouth
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oral
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pertaining to the mouth
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oropathy; stomatopathy
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disease of the mouth
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-pathy
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disease
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ptyalo
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saliva
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ptyalism
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condition of excessive salivation
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-ism
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condition
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sialorrhea
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excessive flow of saliva; hypersalivation; ptyalism
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-rrhea
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discharge; flow
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esophago
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esophagus (food travels)
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esophagoscope
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instrument for examining the esophagus
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-scope
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instrument for examining
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pharyngo
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pharynx (throat)
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pharyngotonsillitis
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inflammation of the pharynx and tonsils
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tonsillo
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tonsils
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gastro
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stomach
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gastroscopy
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visual examination of the stomach
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-scopy
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visual examination
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pyloro
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pylorus (lower part of stomach opening to the duodenum)
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pylorotomy
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incision of the pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomy)
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-tomy
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incision
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-algia; -dynia
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pain
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gastralgia; gastrodynia
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pain in the stomach
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-emesis
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vomiting
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hyperemesis
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excessive vomiting
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hyper-
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excessive, above normal
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-megaly
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enlargement
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gastromegaly; megalogastria
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enlargement of the stomach
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-orexia
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appetite
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anorexia
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loss of appetite
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an-; a-
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without, not
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-pepsia
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digestion
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dyspepsia
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difficult or painful digestion; indigestion
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dys-
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bad; painful; difficult
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-phagia
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swallowing; eating
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing or eating
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diarrhea
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discharge or flow of watery stools from the bowel
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dia-
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through; across
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oritis; stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth
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oral; stomatal
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pertaining to the mouth
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oralgia; orodynia; stomatodynia; stomatalgia
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pain in the mouth
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sialic
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pertaining to saliva
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sialitis
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inflammation of a salivary gland
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sialorrhea; ptyalism; hypersalivation
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excessive secretion of saliva
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maxillo
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jaw
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submaxillary
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pertaining to below the jaw
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linguodental
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pertaining to the tongue and teeth
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-osis
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abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
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orosis; stomatosis
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abnormal condition of the mouth
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oromycosis; stomatomycosis
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abnormal condition of a mouth fungus
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mycosis
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abnormal condition of a fungus
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logo; -logy
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study of
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-logist
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specialist in the study of
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gastrologist
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specialist in the study of stomach disorders
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enterologist
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specialist in the study of intestinal disorders
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gastrology
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study of the stomach
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dentistry
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the branch of medicine dealing with the care of the teeth and gums
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odontalgia; odontodynia; dentalgia; dentodynia
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pain in a tooth; toothache
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periodontist
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specialist in the areas surrounding the teeth
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periodontitis
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inflammation around the teeth
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gingivosis
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abnormal condition of gums
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esophagitis
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inflammation of the esophagus
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mucous
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pertaining to mucus
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necrosis
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an abnormal condition of tissue death
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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gastrodynia; gastralgia
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pain in the stomach
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-ia; -ice
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condition
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duodenoscopy
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visual examination of the duodenum
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esophagoscopy
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visual examination of the esophagus
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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EGD; visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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gastrectomy
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removal or excision of all or part of the stomach
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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stomatoplasty; oroplasty
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surgical repair of the mouth
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esophagoplasty
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surgical repair of the esophagus
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gastroplasty
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surgical repair of the stomach
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-tome
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instrument to cut
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-ectomy
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excision, removal
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esophagotomy
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an incision of the esophagus
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esophagotome
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instrument to cut through the esophagus
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gastrotome
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an instrument to cut the stomach
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gastrotomy
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incision of the stomach
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carcino
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cancer
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carcinoma
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cancerous or malignant tumor
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cancerous
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pertaining to cancer
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epigastric
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pertaining to above the stomach
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hyperemesis
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excessive vomiting
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hemato; hemo
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blood
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hematemesis
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vomiting blood
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aero
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air
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aerophagia
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swallowing air
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duodeno
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duodenum (first part of the small intestine)
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entero
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intestine (usually small intestine); includes duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
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enteropathy
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any intestinal disease
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jejuno
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jejunum (second part of the small intestine)
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jejunorrhaphy
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suture of the jejunum
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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ileo
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ileum (third part of the small intestine)
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ileostomy
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incision of the ileum and creation of a permanent opening
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-stomy
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forming an opening
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appendo; appendico
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appendix
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appendectomy
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removal of the appendix
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the appendix
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colo; colono
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colon (large intestine - ascending, trasverse, and descending)
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colostomy; colonostomy
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forming a new opening in the colon
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colonoscopy; coloscopy
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visual examination of the colon
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procto
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anus, rectum
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proctologist
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specialist in the study of the rectum and anus
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recto
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rectum
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rectocele
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herniation or protrusion of the rectum
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-cele
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hernia, swelling
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sigmoido
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sigmoid colon (s-shaped and extends from descending colon to rectum)
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sigmoidotomy
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incision of the sigmoid colon
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duodenectomy
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excision of the first part of the small intestine
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jejunectomy
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excision of the second part of the small intestine
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ileectomy
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excision of the third part of the small intestine
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duodenostomy
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form an opening into the duodenum
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jejunostomy
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forming an opening into the jejunum
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ileostomy
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forming an opening into the ileum
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jejunal
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pertaining to the jejunum
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jejunotomy
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incision of the jejunum
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duodenotomy
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incision of the duodenum
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ileotomy
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incision of the ileum
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ileorrhaphy
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suture of the ileum
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duodenorrhaphy
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suture of duodenum
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jejunorrhaphy
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suture of the jejunum
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gastroduodenostomy
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the formation of an opening between the stomach and duodenum
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-um
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structure, thing
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gastroileostomy
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the formation of an opening between the stomach and ileum
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gastroenteroanastomosis; gastroenterostomy
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creation of a passage between the stomach and some part of the small intestine
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anastomosis
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joining of 2 vessels so that contents can continue to flow through
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ileitis
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inflammation of the ileum
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enteral
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pertaining to the intestine (usually small intestine)
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enterectomy
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excision of intestine (usually small)
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enterorrhaphy
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suture of intestine
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enteritis
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inflammation of the small intestine
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colonectomy; colectomy
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excision of colon
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colonitis; colitis
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inflammation of colon
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colotomy; colonotomy
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incision into colon
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colostomy; colonostomy
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surgical creation of an opening into the colon
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colorrhaphy; colonorrhaphy
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suture of the colon
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hepato
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liver
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spleno
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spleen
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sigmoidectomy
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removal or excision of the sigmoid colon
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sigmoiditis
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inflammation of hte sigmoid colon
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rectitis
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inflammation of the rectum
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rectocolitis
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inflammation of the rectum and colon
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proctodynia; proctalgia
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pain around the anus or lower rectum
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rectoplasty
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surgical repair of the rectum
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rectovaginal
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pertaining to the rectum and vagina
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vagino
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vagina
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-stenosis
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narrowing; stricture
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rectostenosis
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narrowing or stricture of the rectum
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proctitis
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inflammation of the anus and rectum
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proctodynia; proctalgia
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pain in the rectum and anus
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-spasm
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involuntary contraction or twitching
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rectospasm
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an involuntary contraction of the rectum
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proctospasm
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an involuntary contraction of the rectum and anus
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pathological
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study of disease
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proctoscopy
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visual examination of the anus and rectum
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sigmoidoscopy
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visual examination of the sigmoid colon
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sigmoidoscope
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instrument used to examine the sigmoid colon
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sigmoidectomy
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excision of sigmoid colon
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colonitis; colitis
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inflammation of colon
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coloscope; colonoscope
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instrument to examine colon
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cholangio
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bile vessel
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cholangiole
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small terminal portion of the bile duct
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-ole
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small; minute
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chole
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bile; gall (bitter secretion produced by liver and stored in gallbladder)
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cholelith
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gallstone
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-lith; litho
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stone; calculus
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cholecysto
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gallbladder
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cholecystectomy
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removal of the gallbladder
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choledocho
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bile duct (where secretion passes through)
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choledochotomy
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incision of the common bile duct
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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pancreato
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pancreas
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pancreatolysis
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destruction of pancreas
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-lysis
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separation; destruction; loosening
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-iasis
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abnormal condition (produced by something specific)
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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cirrhosis
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abnormal condition of yellowness; chronic liver disease
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-prandial
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meal
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postprandial
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following a meal
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post-
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after; behind
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hepatoma
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tumor of the liver
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hepatodynia; hepatalgia
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pain in the liver
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hepatorrhaphy
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suture of the liver
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hepatectomy
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exision of (a portion) of the liver
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hepatocyte
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liver cell
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hepatic
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pertaining to the liver
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cystic
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pertaining to the bladder
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pancreatic
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pertaining to the pancreas
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cholemesis
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vomiting bile
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cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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hepatolith
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stone or calculus in the liver
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pancreatolith
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stone or calculus in the pancreas
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cholecystolith
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stone or calculus in the gallbladder
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hepatolith
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stone or calculus in the liver
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cholangiitis
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inflammation of the bile vessel
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cholangiography
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process of recording the bile vessel
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choledocholithiasis
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the formation of a stone in the bile duct
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choledocholith
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a stone in the bile duct
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choledochitis
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inflammation of the bile duct
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choledochorrhaphy
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suture of the bile duct
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choledochoplasty
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surgical repair of the bile duct
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choledochotomy
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incision of the bile duct
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lithiasis
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an abnormal condition produced by a stone or calculus
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hepatosis
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an abnormal condition of the liver
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pancreatolithiasis
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abnormal condition of pancreatic stones
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cholelithiasis
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an abnormal or diseased condition of gallstones
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cholecystodynia; cholecystalgia
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pain in the gallbladder
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cholecystolithiasis
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abnormal condition of gallbladder stones
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biliary
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pertaining to bile or gall
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laparoscopic
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pertaining to visual examination of the abdomen
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pancreatectomy
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excision of the pancreas
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esophagoplasty
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surgical repair of the esophagus
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choledochoplasty
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surgical repair of the bile duct
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thermometer
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an instrument for measuring degrees of heat or cold
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thermo
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heat, temperature
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toxo; toxico; -toxic
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poison
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toxicology
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study of poisons
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toxicosis
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abnormal condition of posion
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-gram
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record, writing
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-graphy
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process of recording
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-y
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condition; process
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jaundice
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yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes
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polypo
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small growth
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polyposis
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condition in which polyps develop in the intestinal tract
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ultra-
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excess, beyond
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sono
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sound
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lithotripsy
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procedure for eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing the stone surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves to shatter it
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-tripsy
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crushing
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naso
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nose
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cirrho; jaundo
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yellow
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corporo
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body
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myco
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fungus
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tomo
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to cut
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-oma
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tumor
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-logy
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study of
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-oid
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resembling
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ab-
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from, away from
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endo-
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in, within
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epi-
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above, upon
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extra-
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outside
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peri-
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around
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ano
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anus
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sialo
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saliva, salivary glands
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-graph
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instrument to record
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linguogingival
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pertaining to the tongue and gums
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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subglossal; sublingual
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pertaining to below the tongue
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glossitis
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inflammation of the tongue
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benign
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noncancerous
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malignant
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cancerous
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-oma
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tumor
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gastroma
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tumor of the stomach
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cystoma
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tumor of the bladder
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gastrocarcinoma
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cancerous tumor of the stomach
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cystocarcinoma
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cancerous tumor of the bladder
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orthopnea
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being able to breathe comfortably only while sitting up straight
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cholecystogram
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a record of the gallbladder
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cholelithectomy
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removal of gall stones
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cholelithotomy
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incision in order to remove gall stones (you can't cut into gall stones)
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hyperthermia
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higher than normal body temperature (a fever)
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febrile
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medical term for fever; elevated temperature
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afebrile
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without fever
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hypothermia
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lower than normal body temperature
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diathermy
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treatment that generates heat through tissues
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hyperactivity; hyperactive
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excessive activity
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hypoactivity; hypoactive
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under active
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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hypotension
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low blood pressure
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maxilloplasty
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repair of the upper jaw
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-rrhexis
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rupture
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-rrhagia
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bursting forth
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-ectasis
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dilation; expansion
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orogastric; stomatogastric
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pertaining to the mouth and stomach
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esophagospasm
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twitching of the esophagus
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esophagostenosis
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narrowing of the esophagus
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esophagectasis
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dilation (stretching) of the esophagus
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intubation
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introducing or inserting a tube into the body
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gastrorrhaphy
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suturing of the stomach
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duodenitis
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inflammation of the duodenum
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duodenojejunostomy
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form a new opening between the duodenum and the jejunum
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jejunoileitis
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inflammation of the jejunum and the ileum
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jejunoileostomy
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forming a new opening between the jejunum and the ileum
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duodenojejunoileitis
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inflammation of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
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enterocolostomy
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forming a new opening between the small intestine and colon
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sigmoidocarcinoma
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cancerous tumor of the sigmoid colon
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rectal examination
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bimanual exam; digital (fingers) exam
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rectosigmoidoscopy
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visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon
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proctoscope
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instrument to examine the anus and rectum
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proctology
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study of the anus and rectum
