Medical Terminology Chapter 7 (Additional Medical Terms) – Flashcards
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azoturia
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Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially in urea, in urine
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diuresis
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Increased formation and secretion of urine
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end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
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Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood and, ultimately, requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF)
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enuresis
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Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called bed-wetting at night or nocturnal enuresis
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hypospadias
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Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
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interstitial nephritis
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Condition associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent, such as a drug or chemical, which results in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
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renal hypertension
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High blood pressure that results from kidney disease
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uremia
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Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood as a result of the kidney's failure to expel these waste products in the urine; also called azotemia
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Wilms tumor
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Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys' ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine
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creatinine clearance
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Laboratory test that measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney
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computed tomography (CT)
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Radiographic study using a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body, which a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of an internal organ or tissue; also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning
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pyelography
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Radiographic study of the kidney, ureters, and, usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent
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intravenous pyelography (IVP)
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Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; also called intravenous urography (IVU) or excretory urography (EU)
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retrograde pyelography (RP)
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Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters using a small-caliber catheters
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nuclear scan
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Radiographic technique that produces images of an organ or area of the body by introducing a radionuclide substance (tracer or radiopharmaceutical) that releases a low level of radiation; also called nuclear scanning, or radionuclide imaging, and nuclear medicine scan
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renal
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Nuclear scan that determines renal function and shape
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ultrasonography (US)
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Radiographic technique using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue; also called ultrasound and echo
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urinalysis
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Physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine
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voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
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Radiography of the bladder and urethra while the bladder fills and empties
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catheterization (Cath)
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Insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
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dialysis
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Mechanical filtering process used to clean blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
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hemodialysis (HD)
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Process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patient's blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clean blood to the patient's body via tubes connected to the circulatory system
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peritoneal dialysis (PD)
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Dialysis in which the patient's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane
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renal transplantation
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Organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation
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ureteral stent
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Placement of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
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urethrotomy
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Incision of a urethral stricture
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antibiotics
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Kill bacteria that commonly cause urinary tract infections (UTI)
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antispasmodics
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Suppress spasms of the ureter, bladder, and urethra by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder
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diuretics
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Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine
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potassium supplements
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Replace potassium loss due to diuretic drugs
