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ACE inhibitor

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Drug that lowers blood pressure (antihypertensive).

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Addition

answer

Physical and psychologic dependence on and craving for a drug.

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Additive action

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Combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.

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Aerosol

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Particles of drug suspended in air.

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Amphetamine

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Central nervous system stimulant.

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Analgesic

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Drug that relieves pain.

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Anaphylaxis

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Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or to a foreign protein (antigen).

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Androgen

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Male hormone.

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Anesthesia

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Absence of nervous feeling or sensation.

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Anesthetic

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Drug that reduces or eliminates nervous sensation.

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Angiotensin II receptor

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Drug that lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin antagonist from acting on receptors in blood vessels.

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Antacid

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Drug that works against acid in the stomach.

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Antagonistic action

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Combination of two drugs gives less than the sum of the effects of each together.

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Antiandrogen

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Drug that slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.

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Antiarrhythmic

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Drug that treats abnormal heart rhythms.

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Antibiotic

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Chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.

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Anticoagulant

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Drug that prevents blood clotting.

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Anticonvulsant

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Drug that prevents convulsions and seizures.

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Antidepressant

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Drug that relieves symptoms of depression.

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Antidiabetic

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Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.

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Antidiarrheal

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Drug that prevents diarrhea.

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Antidote

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Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.

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Antiemetic

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Drug that prevents nausea and vomiting.

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Antihistamine

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Drug that blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.

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Antinauseant

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Drug that relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.

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Antiplatelet

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Drug that reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.

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Antipruritic

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Drug that acts against itching (pruritus).

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Antipyretic

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Drug that lowers fever.

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Antiulcer

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Drug that inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.

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Antiviral

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Drug that acts against viruses such as the herpes virus and HIV.

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Aromatase inhibitor

answer

Drug that reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme, aromatase.

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Bactericidal

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Pertaining to killing bacteria.

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Bacteriostatic

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Pertaining to inhibiting bacterial growth.

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Beta-blocker

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Blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on the heart and blood vessels and thus lowers blood pressure.

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Bronchodilator

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Agent that dilates (widens) blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm.

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Bisphosphonate

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Drug that prevents bone loss in osteoporosis and osteopenia.

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Brand name

answer

Commercial name for a drug; trade or trademark name.

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Caffeine

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Central nervous system stimulant.

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Calcium channel blocker

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Drug that stops entrance of calcium into muscle of the heart and blood vessels. This lowers blood pressure and restores normal heart rhythm.

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Cardiovascular drug

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Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular drugs act on the heart and blood vessels; ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers, statins.

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Cathartic

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Drug that relieves constipation.

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Chemical name

answer

Chemical formula for a drug.

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Chemotherapy

answer

Treatment with drugs.

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Contraindication

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Factor in a patient's condition that prevents the use of a particular drug or treatment.

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Controlled substances

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Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.

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Diuretic

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Drug that promotes or increases the production of urine (diuresis).

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Emetic

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Drug that promotes vomiting.

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Endocrine drug

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Pertaining to internal secretion. An endocrine drug is a hormone or hormone-like drug; androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids.

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Erythromycin

answer

Antibiotic that is extracted from a red (erythr/o) mold (-mycin).

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Estrogen

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Female hormone that promotes secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

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Gastrointestinal drug

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Pertaining to the stomach and intestinal tract (intestines). Gastrointestinal drugs include antiulcer, antidiarrheal, and antacid medications.

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Generic name

answer

Legal, noncommercial name for a drug.

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Glucocorticoid

answer

Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces tissue inflammation.

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Hypnotic

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Drug that promotes sleep or a trance-like state (hypnosis).

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Hypodermic

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Pertaining to under the skin.

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Iatrogenic

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Pertaining to a condition that is produced (-genic) by a physician or treatment (iatr/o).

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Idiosyncrasy

answer

Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual, but not seen in most patients.

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Inhalation

answer

Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.

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Intrathecal

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Pertaining to within the meninges or membranes surrounding the spinal cord. Drugs may be administered intrathecally.

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Laxative

answer

Weak cathartic; promotes movement of feces through the colon.

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Medicinal chemistry

answer

Study of new drug synthesis and the relationship between the chemical structure of a drug and its biologic effect.

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Molecular pharmacology

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Study of the interaction of drugs and their target molecules, enzymes, or cell surface receptors.

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Narcotic

answer

Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor and insensibility; morphine and opium.

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Oral administration

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Drugs that are given by mouth.

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Parenteral administration

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Drugs or nourishment are given intravenously (within a vein) and other than through the intestinal tract.

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Pharmacist

answer

Specialist in preparing and dispensing drug.

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Pharmacy

answer

Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; study of preparing and dispensing drugs.

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Pharmacodynamics

answer

Study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body.

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Pharmacokinetics

answer

Calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time.

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Pharmacologist

answer

Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and actions of drugs.

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Pharmacology

answer

Study of the properties, uses and actions of drugs.

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Progestin

answer

Hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and hormone replacement therapy.

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Purgative

answer

Drug that relieves constipation and is a strong cathartic.

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Receptor

answer

Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.

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Rectal administration

answer

Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.

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Respiratory drug

answer

Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections that affect breathing; bronchodilators are respiratory drugs.

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Sedative

answer

Mild sleep inducing agent that relaxes a patient without necessarily producing sleep.

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Side effect

answer

Adverse effect that routinely results from the use of a drug.

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Stimulant

answer

Drug that excites and promotes activity.

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Subcutaneous

answer

Pertaining to under the skin.

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Sublingual

answer

Pertaining to under the tongue.

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Synergism

answer

Drug action in which the combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug.

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Synergistic

answer

Pertaining to synergism.

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Syringe

answer

Instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.

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Thyroid hormone

answer

Secretion from the thyroid gland that stimulates cellular metabolism.

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Tolerance

answer

Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve a desired effect.

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Topical application

answer

Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, lotions, and creams are examples.

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Toxicity

answer

Harmful effect of a drug.

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Toxicology

answer

Branch of pharmacology that studies harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.

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Tranquilizer

answer

Drug that controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.

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Transport

answer

Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.

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Vasodilator

answer

Drug that widens blood vessels.

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Vitamin

answer

Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.

Medical Terminology – Chapter 21 – Flashcards

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