Medical Terminology Ch.3: GI – Flashcards
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the teeth are responsible for deglutition
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false
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the hard palate is only half of the roof of the mouth
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true
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the pharynx starts at the uvula and ends at the esophagus
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true
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the salivary glads are also called the tonsils
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false
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the pharynx is involved in mastication
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false
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the stomach has folds in its lining that are called
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rugae
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the -- is a pouch at the lower end of the ascending colon
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cecum
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most digestion in the small intestine occurs in the --
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jejunum
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microscopic fingers, called --, extend from the intestinal wall and aid in absorption of nutrients
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villi
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absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in the --
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ileum
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the -- is located between the sigmoid colon and the anus.
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rectum
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A worm-like structure, the --, is attached to the cecum.
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appendix
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The -- opens to allow food into the stomach.
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lower esophageal sphincter
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digestive system path
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esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum, anus
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digestive enzyme found in saliva
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amylase
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acid produced by the stomach
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hydrochloric
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digestive enzyme found in the stomach
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pepsin
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hormone in stomach that stimulates acid production
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gastrin
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elimination of waste as a bowel movement
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defecation
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substance produced by liver that breaks down fat
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bile
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pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat
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lipase
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medical name for waste products that become a bowel movement
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stool or feces
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inflammation of the lining of the mouth
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stomatitis
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formation of a stone or stones in the salivary gland or duct
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sialolithiasis
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decreased appetite
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anorexia
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upset stomach
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dyspepsia
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enlarged, twisted veins in the lower esophagus
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varices
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excessive or frequent food intake
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polyphagia
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reflux of food or fluid into the mouth
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regurgitation
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vomited material containing blood
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hematemesis
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food, fluid, or chyme that is brought out of the mouth from the stomach
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vomitus
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inflammation of the lips
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cheilitis
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food expelled from the stomach is known as
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emesis
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the term -- means inflammation of the stomach
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gastritis
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inflammation of the tongue is
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glossitis
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the term -- is one type of cancer of the stomach
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adenocarcinoma
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An unpleasant feeling prior to an urge to vomit is called
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nausea
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Difficulty swallowing or eating is medically known as
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dysphagia
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The term -- refers to the breakdown of the esophageal, stomach, or intestinal lining to form an ulcer
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PUD
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Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus is called
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GERD
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small intestine
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duodenum volvulus intussusception
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large intestine
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ascending colon sigmoid colon irritable bowel syndrome dysentery diverticulitis colic crohn's disease celiac disease polypse appedicitis
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rectum and anus
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constipation rectocele hemorrhoids incontinence diarrhea melena flatus
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the type of cancer that has the least successful treatment is
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pancreatic cancer
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how many types of hepatitis are commonly found in the united states?
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NOT 3 or 5
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an inflamed or infected gallbladder results in the diagnosis of
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cholecystitis
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the problem with adhesions is that they can
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interfere with intestinal function
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liver disease causes an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, which is called
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ascites
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an exploratory laparotomy uses an endoscope to see inside the colon
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false
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a colostomy results in an external opening to the colon on the surface of the abdomen
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true
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a flat plate of the abdomen is a type of CAT scan
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false; it's for xrays
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a fecal occult blood test is done when you can see the blood in the stool
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false
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the alkaline phosphatase blood test determines the level of liver function
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true
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a gastroplasty involves surgical stapling of the stomach
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true
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a herniorrhaphy requires the removal of part of the small intestine
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false
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an upper GI series involves one x-ray of the esophagus and stomach
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false
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an MRI scan is a series of x-rays of one part of the body
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false
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an NG tube can be used as a diagnostic or medical piece of equipment
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true
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indicates a drug should be taken by mouth
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PO (by mouth)
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refers to the abdomen
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ABD
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placement of barium in the colon for x-rays
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BE (barium enema)
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barium is swallowed for x-rays of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
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UGI (upper gastrointestinal)
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drugs that stop creation of hydrochloric acid
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proton pump inhibitors
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no food is to be eaten or fluids drunk
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NPO (nothing by mouth)
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neutralizes stomach acid
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antacid
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sick to the stomach and producing emesis
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N&V (nausea and vomiting)
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erosion of the lining of the stomach or duodenum
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PUD (peptic ulcer disease)
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drug given to lessen vomiting
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antiemetic
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first part of the large intestine
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cecum
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throat
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pharynx
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part of the stomach leading out to the small intestine
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pylorus
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last part of the small intestine
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ileum
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storage area for bile
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gallbladder
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tube that food travels in after it leaves the oral cavity
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esophagus
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superior aspect of the small bowel
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duodenum
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roof of the mouth
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palate
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plays no role in the digestive system
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appendix
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part of large bowel between sigmoid colon and anus
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rectum
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anal
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an-al; pertaining to the anus
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appendectomy
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append-ectomy; surgical removal of the appendix
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mastication
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mastic-ation; a process of chewing
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lingual
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lingu-al; pertaining to the tongue
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glossitis
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gloss-itis; inflammation of the tongue
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postoperative
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post-operat-ive; pertaining to after surgery
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laparoscopic
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laparo-scop-ic; pertaining to the abdomen being examined with an instrument
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omphalocele
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omphalo-cele; hernia at the umbilicus
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hermatochezia
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hemato-chez-ia; condition of blood when to pass feces
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pancreatitis
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pancreat-itis; inflammation of the pancreas
