Medical Terminology Ch.2: Body Directions, Structures, and Terminology
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referring to the front of the body
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ventral
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referring to the body's side
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lateral
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position of the wrist compared to the elbow
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distal
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upper half of the body
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superior
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toward the middle of the body
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medial
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lower half of the body
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inferior
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toward the body's head
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cephalad
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moving up the leg
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proximal
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referring to the back side
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posterior
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toward the tailbone
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caudad
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cutting through the body from one to another results in a --
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plane
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a -- cut is used for a leg amputation
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transverse
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equal right and left halves result from a -- plane
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midsagittal
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a knife cutting anywhere through the body from front to back is following a -- plane
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sagittal
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a -- plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
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coronal
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RUQ
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contains liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines
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LUQ
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contains stomach, pancreas, spleen, small and large intestines
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RLQ
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contains small and large intestines, appendix, female ovary and uterus, bladder
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LLQ
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contains small and large intestines, female ovary and uterus, bladder
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hypochondriac region lumbar region inguinal region or iliac epigastric region umbilical region hypogastric region
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right and left regions below the ribs right and left regions at the waist most inferior right and left regions most superior medial region central region around the belly button most inferior medial region
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process of cell reproduction
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mitosis
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structures that produce energy for a cell
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mitochondria
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structures that carry genes
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chromosomes
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body structures made of cells that are alike
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tissues
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outer skin of a cell
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cell membrane
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control center of the cell
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nucleus
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a functioning structure made from various tissues
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organ
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disease caused by insufficient food or ability to utilize food
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nutritional
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disease or disorder having no known cause
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idiopathic
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disease caused by a gene passed to a child from a parent
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hereditary
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destruction of cells caused by disease or aging
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degenerative
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cause or origin of a disease
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etiology
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abnormality caused by fetal development or birth
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congenital
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disease contracted while in the hospital
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nosocomial
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disease acquired from another human or an animal
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communicable
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caused by medication or treatment
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iatrogenic
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actions taken to keep a person in good health
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preventive
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listening to parts of the body with a stethoscope
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auscultation
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statement of the cause of a disease or condition
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diagnosis
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abnormal condition that remains after a disease
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sequel
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tapping over body cavities with the fingertips
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percussion
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symptom that can be observed or measured by others
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sign
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disease or condition that continues for three months or more
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chronic
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set of symptoms that occurs with a disease
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syndrome
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return of symptoms
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exacerbation
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feeling the body with the fingers
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palpation
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statement of the probable outcome of a disease
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prognosis
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a disease or condition that does not respond to treatment
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refractory
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when symptoms lessen, even though the disease is still present, the condition is called --
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remission
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certified nurse midwife
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the CNM is certified to help with childbirth
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doctor of dental surgery
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this dentist or DDS specializes in dental surgery
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doctor of osteopathy or osteopathic medicine
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an osteopathic physician is a DO
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doctor of chiropracty or chiropractic medicine
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this doctor or DC treats the alignment of bones and muscles
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doctor of optometry
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a doctor who is an OD treats only the eyes
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physician assistant
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the PA assists physicians by seeing patients
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doctor of medicine
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an MD is a person who graduates from medial school
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licensed vocational nurse
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this vocational person, an LVN, is licensed to give nursing care
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primary care physician
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a family practice physician is known as a PCP
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nurse practitioner
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an NP is a nurse specialist or practictioner with a master's degree
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study of the nerves
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neurology
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study of the skin
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dermatology
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study of the respiratory system
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pulmonology
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study of the heart
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cardiology
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study of females
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gynecology
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study of the ears and larynx (voice box)
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otolaryngology
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study of the blood
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hematology
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study of the eyes
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ophthalmology
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study of the urinary system
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urology
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study of the stomach and intestines
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gastroenterology
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neoplastic
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neo-plast-ic; pertaining to new growth
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symptomatology
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symptomato-logy; the study of a collection of symptoms
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inspection
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inspect-ion; action of looking at
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epigastric
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epi-gastr-ic; pertaining to above the stomach
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nosocomial
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nosocomi-al; pertaining to (a condition acquired while in the) hospital
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etiology
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etio-logy; the study of [the] cause of disease
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ophthalmology
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ophthalmo-logy; the study of [the] eye
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infectious
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infect-ious; pertaining to disease [-causing organisms] within [the body]
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communicable
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communic-able; able to be transmitted
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hypochondriac
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hypo-chondr-iac; pertaining to below [the] cartilage
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iatrogenic
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iatro-gen-ic; pertaining to medical treatment produced by an error
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asymptomatic
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a-symptomat-ic; pertianing to without a collection of symptoms
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neonatology
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neo-nato-logy; the study of new birth
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terminal
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termin-al; pertaining to the end
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sagittal
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sagitt-al; pertaining to going from front to back
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exacerbation
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exacerb-ation; being or having an increase in the severity of symptoms or signs
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macroscopic
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macro-scop-ic; pertaining to large examine with an instrument
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palpation
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palpat-ion; action of touching
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medicine
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medic-ine; pertaining to medicine
