MDSC Chapter 16 – Endocrine System – Flashcards

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The largest endocrine gland is the
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thyroid gland
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the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the
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adenohypophysis
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the hypothalamus is
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located near the pituitary gland
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The islets of Langerhans are
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clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancrease
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the hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex is
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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The hormone that stimulates glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after the birth of an infant is
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prolactin-releasing hormone
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the hormone that stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water is
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antidiuretic hormone
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the combining form meaning thyroid gland is
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thyr/o
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the combining form meaning potassium is
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kal/i
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the combining form meaning thirst is
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dips/o
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T4 is the abbreviation for
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thyroxine
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The word part that best completes the medical term meaning excision of an adrenal gland, ____/ectomy, is
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adrenal
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in the medical term corticoid, the word root means:
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outer layer of a body organ
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The medical term that means inflammation of the adrenal gland is
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adrenalitis
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The meaning of the medical term adrenomegaly is a(n):
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enlargement of one or both of the adrenal glands
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The medical term meaning deficient level of sugar in the blood is
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hypoglycemia
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The medical term meaning excessive calcium in the blood is
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hypercalcemia
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The meaning of the medical term hyperkalemia is
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excessive potassium in the blood
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The medical term that means deficient level of sodium in the blood is
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hyponatremia
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A patient who has reported recent weight loss, irritability and heat intolerance is diagnosed with ___, which is a state of excessive thyroid gland activity and excessive secretion of thyroid hormones.
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hyperthyroidism
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After surgery to remove her thyroid gland, Ella reports recent weight gain and cold intolerance. She is diagnosed with __, which (unsurprisingly, considering her surgery) is a state of deficient thyroid gland activity and diminished secretion of thyroid hormones.
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hypothyroidsim
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The meaning of the medical term parathyroidoma is:
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tumor of a parathyroid gland
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The medical term that refers to a group of symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices, causing abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face," and pads of fat of the chest, abdomen, and back is:
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cushing syndrome
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A patient who arrives in the ED complaining of palpitations, chest and abdominal pain, headache, diaphoresis and hypertension is eventually diagnosed with ____, a non-malignant tumor of the adrenal medualla
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pheochromocytoma
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Hugo is diagnosed with ___, a chronic syndrome caused by a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex and characterized by weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetitie, depression, and other emotional problems.
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addisons disease
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Mr. Nouwen presents with insulin resistance, obesity focused on the waist and abdomen, hypertension, and elevated glycemic and triglyceride levels (with low HDL levels.) These signs indicate:
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metabolic syndrome
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The meaning of the medical term tetany is a condition
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affecting nerves, causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium
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A condition of excessive thyroid hormone secretion is:
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thyrotoxicosis
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The meaning of the medical term ketosis is a condtion
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resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
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The medical term meaning enlargement of the thyroid gland is:
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goiter
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The medical term adenectomy refers to excision of
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a gland
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the medical term thyroidotomy refers to the incision of
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the thyroid gland
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the medical term thyroparathyroidectomy refers to the excision of
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the thyroid and parathyroid gland
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the medical term that refers to a nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and postition of the thyroid gland is
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thyroid scan
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the medical term meaning excessive development of the adrenal cortex is
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adrenocorticohyperplasia
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the medical term referring to the study of the endorcrine system is
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endocrinology
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the medical term referring to a chemical substance that is secreted by an endocrine gland and carried in the blood to a target tissue is
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hormone
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the narrow strip of tissue that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland is called the
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isthmus
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the medical term metabolism refers to the
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sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism
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the abbreviation of the medical term that refers to a chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism is
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DM
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RAIU abbreviates the medical term referring to a
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nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function
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Euthyroid is a medical term referring to
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normal thyroid function
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-crine and crin/o
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to secrete
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erythropoietin
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stimulates the production of red blood cells.
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PRH, prolactin releasing hormone, lactogenic hormone
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stimulates growth and develop of the mammary glands.
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TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin
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stimulates the growth and function of the thyroid gland.
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The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the
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neurohypophysis
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The parathyroid glands are:
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four small bodies embedded in the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland
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The adrenal glands are
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paired glands, one of which is located above each kidney
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The hormone that regulates development, growth, and function of the ovaries and testes is:
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Follicle stimulating hormone
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The hormone that affects the male and female reproductive systems is
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gonadotropic hormone
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Hydrocortisone is also called:
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cortisone
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The pituitary gland is also called the:
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hypophysis cerebri
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Which of the following is true of the thyroid gland?
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it is the largest endocrine gland
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The combining form meaning the outer layer of a body organ is:
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cortic/o
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Adenohypophysis is another name for the:
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anterior pituitary lobe
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A test to assess a child's growth hormone levels would focus on the functioning of the:
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pituitary gland
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combining form meaning sodium is
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natr/o
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The meaning of the medical term corticoid is:
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resembling the cortex
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Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the
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adrenal medulla
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This hormone is necessary for body cell metabolism
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thyroxine
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___________ secretes a "releasing hormone" that stimulates or inhibits the release pituitary gland hormones:
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hypothalamus
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The combining form meaning extremities, height is:
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acr/o
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The combining form meaning thirst is:
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dips/o
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The medical term that means abnormal protrusion of the eyeball is
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exophthalmos
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The medical term referring to normal thyroid function is:
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euthyroid
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William's adrenal cortices are secreting excessive levels of cortisol, giving him a "moon face" and abnormal pads of fat on his chest, abdomen, and upper back. He also is experiencing muscle atrophy. His physician determines that William has ___.
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cushings
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A patient diagnosed with ___ presents with signs such as insulin resistance, obesity focused on the waist and abdomen, hypertension, and elevated glycemic and triglyceride levels (with low HDL levels)
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metabolic syndrome
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The condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies as a result of excessive fat metabolism:
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ketosis
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Alexis's headaches, chest and abdominal pain, and palpitations turn out to be pheochromocytoma, which is a(n):
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non-malignant tumor of the adrenal medulla
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The meaning of the medical term acromegaly is a(n):
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enlargement of the extremities
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The medical term meaning deficient level of potassium in the blood is:
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hypokalemia
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The medical term for the condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland that results in hypothyroidism and characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, a large tongue, and dwarfism is:
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cretinism
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The medical term for the condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of the acid products of metabolism and seen frequently in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus:
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acidosis
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The meaning of the medical term thyrotoxicosis is a condition:
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caused by excessive thyroid hormones
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The medical term for a disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos is:
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graves
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A deficiency of parathyroid hormone has led to a decrease in Mr. Clark's blood calcium, resulting in ___, a nerve condition that causes muscle spasms.
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tetany
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The abbreviation of the medical term referring to the result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland causing polydipsia and polyuria is:
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DI
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The medical term that describes a serious, chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretions of all three categories of adrenal steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex is:
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addison disease
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The medical term meaning pertaining to the cortex is:
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cortical
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A syndrome is best defined as:
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a set of signs and symptoms
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The medical term that refers to a blood study that gives a direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the patient's blood is:
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thyroxine level
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FBS abbreviates the medical term for a:
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blood test that determines the amount of glucose in the blood
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To measure long-term blood glucose control, a(n) _____ hemoglobin test is done.
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glycosylated
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_____ is a test that assesses thyroid function by testing the ability of the thyroid gland to trap and retain radioactive iodine following oral ingestion of the iodine.
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radioactive iodine uptake
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The nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland is:
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thyroid scan
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The abbreviation for the medical term for the procedure that assesses thyroid function by testing the ability of the thyroid gland to trap and retain radioactive iodine following oral ingestion of the iodine is:
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RAIU
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The abbreviation for the test that measures the average blood sugar concentration over a period of time is:
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HbA1C
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The name of the procedure that measures the amount of glucose in the blood at the time of the test is:
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FBS
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The name of the procedure that measures thyroid function is:
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radioactive iodine uptake
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he procedure that measures average blood sugar concentration over a period of time is:
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a glycosylated hemoglobin test
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The patient had surgery to excise a gland. Based on this information only, it is most accurate to say that he had a(n):
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adenectomy
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A patient has his thyroid and parathyroid glands surgically removed in a procedure called:
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thyroparathyroidectomy
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To measure long-term blood glucose control, a(n) _____ hemoglobin test is done.
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glycosylated
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