Civil Liberties, Free Speech, and Censorship
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civil liberty
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the freedom to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment
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free speech
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the right to say our opinions, in public or in private, without fear of being stopped or punished by the government for those ideas
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censorship
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the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas they contain
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petition
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a formal request for government action
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slander
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spoken untruths that are harmful to someone's reputation
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libel
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written untruths that are harmful to someone's reputation
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accused
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a person officially charged with a crime
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probable cause
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a strong reason to think that a person or property was involved in a crime
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search warrant
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a court order allowing police to search property and seize evidence
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indictment
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a document issued by a grand jury to charge someone with a crime
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double jeopardy
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putting someone on trial for a crime of which he or she was previously found innocent
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self-incrimination
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giving evidence about yourself that could lead to you being found guilty of a crime
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due process
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following established legal procedures
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eminent domain
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the right of the government to take private property-usually for land-for public use
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bail
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a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person who is released from jail returns for his or her trial
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black codes
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laws from after the Civil War that kept African Americans from holding certain jobs, gave them few property rights, and limited their rights in other ways
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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poll tax
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a sum of money required of voters before they are permitted to cast a ballot
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discrimination
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unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group
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segregation
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the social separation of the races
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"Jim Crow" law
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Southern segregation law
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civil rights
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the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law
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nonviolent resistance
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peaceful protest against laws believed to be unfair
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sit-in
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the act of occupying seats or sitting down on the floor of an establishment as a form of organized protest
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hate crimes
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a violent act against a person because of his or her race, color, national origin, gender, or disability
