Mastering A&P Homework – Chapter 13 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What keeps the visceral and parietal pleural membranes in contact with each other?
answer
pleural fluid
question
The ________ routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech.
answer
larynx
question
The C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea are constructed of ________.
answer
hyaline cartilage
question
Folds of mucous membrane called ________ vibrate to provide speech.
answer
vocal folds (true vocal cords)
question
Gas exchange occurs in the ________.
answer
alveoli
question
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?
answer
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
question
Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs?
answer
both lungs have two lobes
question
The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________.
answer
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
question
Which muscles contract to decrease thoracic volume and raise intrapulmonary pressure?
answer
internal intercostal muscles
question
Which term describes the volume of air that CANNOT be exhaled?
answer
residual volume
question
How is most carbon dioxide transported from body cells to the lungs?
answer
as bicarbonate ion
question
By what process does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries?
answer
simple diffusion
question
________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 mL of air.
answer
tidal
question
The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ________.
answer
carbon dioxide
question
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?
answer
residual volume
question
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ________.
answer
simple diffusion
question
Which one of the following is NOT true of inspiration?
answer
relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity
question
Expiration (exhalation) occurs when ________.
answer
the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
question
Oxygen is transported in the blood as ________.
answer
oxyhemoglobin
question
What is the pressure in the lungs during inspiration?
answer
lower than atmospheric air pressure
question
What is the role of bicarbonate ion in gas transport?
answer
transports most of the carbon dioxide
question
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
answer
most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
question
Which respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers," is characterized by enlarged alveoli, lung inflammation, and fibrosis of the lungs?
answer
emphysema
question
What accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer?
answer
adenocarcinoma
question
Which disorder involves inflammation and excess mucus secretion in the lower respiratory passages?
answer
chronic bronchitis
question
Why does vital capacity decrease in old age?
answer
The chest wall becomes more rigid and the lungs lose their elasticity.
question
Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by ________.
answer
28-30 weeks of pregnancy
question
During inhalation,
answer
the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.
question
From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?
answer
alveoli
question
Which statement is correct?
answer
In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.
question
After blood becomes oxygenated,
answer
it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.
question
hemoglobin
answer
is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.
