Marriage and Family Therapy I Final – Flashcards
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Lynn Wynne's term for the facade of family harmony that characterized many schizophrenic families is
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pseudomutuality
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Hospital clinicians began to acknowledge and include the family in an individual's treatment when
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they noticed when the patient got better, someone in the family got worse. they realized the family continued to influence the course of treatment anyway
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Gregory Bateson and his colleagues at Palo Alto introduced this concept to describe the patterns of disturbed family communication, which cause schizophrenia.
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double bind
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According to Theodore Lidz, marital schism occurs when:
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there is a chronic failure of spouses to achieve role reciprocity
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Jackson's concept, (???), that families are units that resist change, became the defining metaphor of family therapy's first three decades.
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family homeostasis
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This family therapist's personal resolution of emotional reactivity in his family was as significant for his approach to family therapy as Freud's self-analysis was for psychoanalysis.
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Murray Bowen
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The techniques of structural family therapy fall into two general categories, joining and:
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restructuring techniques
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The tendency of families to resist change in order to maintain a steady state is known as
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homeostasis
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A relationship in which a husband and a wife both pursue careers and share housekeeping and child rearing responsibilities is
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symmetrical
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According to communications theory, healthy families are able to adapt to changing circumstances through use of
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positive feedback
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What is essential to accomplish in the first session in order to establish a productive therapeutic alliance with a family?
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Make contact with each member of the family, and acknowledge his or her point of view about the problem and feelings about coming to therapy. Establish leadership by controlling the structure and pace of the interview. Express empathy, however, balancing warmth and professionalism.
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Why is traditional couples therapy considered potentially dangerous in the treatment of causes involving material violence?
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With such a sensitive issue, the abused person stating certain facets of their spouse's violent behavior may put them in danger after the family session.
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Which is not a concept of vonBertalanffy's general systems theory?
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"blackbox" metaphor
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Superficial change in a system which itself stays invariant is termed (???), while basic change in the structure of a system is called (???)
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first-order, second order
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A balanced steady state of equilibrium is known as
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homeostasis
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The study of control processes in systems, particularly the analysis of the flow of information in closed systems, is known as
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cybernetics
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Boundaries around the executive subsystem in the family are of particular importance because the family (???) is seen by structural therapists as crucial to the family's well-being.
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hierarchy
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The stages of a family's life from separation from one's parents to marriage, having children, growing older, retirement, and finally death, are known as the
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family life cycle
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The phrase, "where the id is, there the ego shall be" best fits which concept?
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differentiation of self
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What are positive and negative feedback and how do they operate in families?
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Negative feedback indicates that a system is straying off the mark and that corrections are needed to get it back on course. It signals the system to restore the status quo. Its error-correcting information gives order and self-control to automatic machines, to the body and the brain, and to people in their daily lives. Positive feedback is information that reinforces the direction a system is taking.
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The primary goal of Bowen family therapy is to
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increase the level of differentiation of self in family members
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The "differentiated" individual:
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can balance his or her needs for closeness and autonomy
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According to Bowen theory, more highly differentiated individuals will likely:
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have parents who are highly differentiated
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By training family members in 3 areas-teaching differentiation, avoiding triangulation, and (???), Bowen therapists can enable a single individual to transform the whole network of his or her family system.
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reopening cut-off family relationships
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In Bowen theory, the flight from a conflictual emotional attachment to one's parents is known as:
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emotional cutoff
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This Bowenian concept describes the level of emotional "stuck-togetherness" or fusion in the family.
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lack of differentiation of self
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According to Bowen, (???) are the smallest stable unit of human relations.
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triangles
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The central premise of Bowen theory is that unresolved (???) must be resolved before one can differentiate a mature healthy personality.
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emotional reactivity to one's family of origin
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From a Bowenian perspective, optimal development in the family occurs when all members are relatively differentiated, anxiety is low, and parents
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remain in emotional contact with family of origin
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People tend to marry spouses at (???) levels of differentiation.
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similar
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(???) is a prominent technique in Bowen therapy designed to clarify emotional processes involved in altering key triangles. The technique is used in order to help family members become aware of systems processes and recognize their own roles in them-it was first developed for use with emotional pursuers and distancers.
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relationship experiments
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A flight from a conflictual emotional attachment to one's parents is known as:
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emotional cutoff
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According to the principles of which Bowenian construct, simply teaching a mother better techniques for disciplining her son will fail, because the intervention ignores the problem that she is over involved with the boy as a result of her husband's emotional distance.
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triangles
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Bowen's concept of "differentiation of self" is most like, which of the following
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ego strength
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Strategic therapy grew out of the communications theory and evolved into
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MRI's Brief Therapy, Haley and Madanes strategic therapy, the Milan systemic model
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The Milan Model's technique of ascribing positive motives to family behavior in order to promote family cohesion and avoid resistance to therapy is called
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a positive connotation
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Strategic therapist believed that a therapist should
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maintain neutrality
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(???) is a prominent figure in strategic family therapy and a co-founder of the Family Therapy Institute.
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Jay Haley
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(???) occurs when a specific behavior within a system changes and (???) is when the rules of the system change.
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first order change, second order change
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General systems theory states that normal families, like all living systems, depend on (???) for survival.
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positive and negative feedback
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The MRI approach to problem solving is to
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Identify the positive feedback loops, determine the rules that support those interactions, change the rules by reframing
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A structural family therapy term for accepting and accommodating to families to win their confidence and circumvent resistance is:
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Joining
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The therapeutic technique called "unbalancing" involves:
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Changing the relationship within a subsystem, taking sides
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Disengaged subsystems are surrounded by (???) boundaries while (???) subsystems have (???) boundaries.
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rigid, enmeshed, diffused
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Structural therapists believe that problems are maintained by dysfunctional family organization, therapy is directed at:
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Altering family structure
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An interaction stimulated in structural family therapy in order to observe and then change transactions that make up family structure is called:
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an enactment
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In order to discern a family's structure two things are necessary: a theoretical system that explains structure and:
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seeing the family in action.
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The therapist's role in structural therapy consists of:
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Joining the family in a position of leadership, mapping the family's underlying structure (boundaries, hierarchy, subsystems), intervening to transform the structure
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An inappropriate alliance between a parent and child, who side together against a third member of the family, is an example of:
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a cross-generational coalition
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Which of the following is not an experientialist viewpoint?
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Blunted affects and few impulses
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Experiential family therapy is founded on the premise that the root cause of family problems is emotional
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suppression
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The assessment phase of experiential therapy requires the therapist to:
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pay little attention to the specifics of the presenting problem
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Experiential therapist Carl Whitaker is best known for:
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The Battle of Structure vs. The Battle for Initiative, Pioneering the use of co-therapists
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Virginia Satir tried to help each family member form a congruent style of
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context, self, and others
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A nonverbal technique in which family members position themselves in a tableau that reveals aspects of their perceptions and feelings is referred to as
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family sculpting
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During normal childhood development, a child grows-up in an environment that provides all the following except:
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excessive parental control
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According to object relations theory (???) and attachment are key issues of concern.
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relationships
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Emotional reactivity that is usually unconscious and often distorted, on the part of the therapist during treatment is known as:
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Countertransference
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A process whereby an infant begins to draw apart from the symbiotic bond with the mother and develop his or her own autonomous functioning
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separation-individuation
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A process in psychoanalytic family therapy, by which insights are translated into new and more productive ways of behaving and interacting, is known as:
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working through
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Psychoanalytic family therapy consists of four basic techniques: listening, empathy, interpretations, and
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maintaining analytic neutrality
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Kohut's version of psychoanalysis that emphasizes the need for attachment and appreciation is known as
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self-psychology
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A distortion in perception, based on a tendency to perceive others in accordance with a pattern determined by previous experiences is called a(n)
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parataxic distortion
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A behavioral technique used to eliminate behavior by not reinforcing it is known as:
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extinction
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The most commonly used techniques in behavior therapy fall into which category?
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operant conditioning
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This behavioral technique uses a system of points or stars to reward children for successful behavior.
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token economy
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Systematic desensitization and assertive training are both examples of (???) techniques.
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respondent conditioning
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Behavioral assessment methods fall into each of the following categories except:
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projective testing
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Assessments conducted in behavioral marriage therapy are designed to evaluate couples on all except which of the following:
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their capacity for whole object relationships
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According to behaviorists, disturbed marital interactions result from:
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low rates of positive reinforcement exchange
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A major treatment strategy in behavioral couples therapy is to:
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improve communication skills
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The major intent of behavioral exchange procedures is to help couples:
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establish reinforcement reciprocity
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The assessment stage in the behavioral treatment of sexual dysfunction involves:
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scheduling a medical examination to rule out organic problems, establishing goals for treatment, conducting extensive interviews to determine the nature of the dysfunction
