question

Jeff is going to sell sporting apparel, which he has already purchased from manufacturers, and has signed a deal agreeing to the volume he will sell monthly. He has researched his competition, talked to some customers, and decided on prices he will charge. Jeff has also developed a plan for promoting his business. Based on this description, which element of the marketing mix does Jeff still need to work on?

answer

Place

question

In the broadest terms, the marketplace refers to

answer

the world of trade

question

Marketing was once an afterthought to

answer

Production

question

When considering career choices in marketing, many students overlook supply chain management because

answer

many of the activities take place behind the scenes

question

Marketing involves all of the following EXCEPT: a. conducting exchanges. b. satisfying customer needs and wants. c. production scheduling. d. creating value. e. efforts by individuals and organizations.

answer

e. efforts by individuals and organizations.

question

The activity, set of institutions, and process for creating, capturing, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large is called

answer

marketing

question

Marney bought a dress from a retail store. Which core aspect of marketing was Marney most directly participating in?

answer

Marketing involves an exchange

question

To become a more value-driven organization, Pokrah University is holding regular coffee-hour discussions with its students and surveying its graduates regarding students' educational needs and desires. Pokrah University is becoming more value driven through

answer

building relationships with customers.

question

Whenever Valerie has a new massage therapy customer, she invites the person to be on her e-mail distribution list. In the process, in addition to exchanging her massage therapy service for payment, Valerie is gathering

answer

information.

question

After hurricanes like Katrina, many small building contractors will flock to the damaged area, charging whatever customers will pay for temporary repairs to roofs and other parts of damaged homes. These contractors are engaged in a __________ marketing orientation.

answer

transactional

question

A friend of yours comments, "I'm starting my own business. I have a perfect product that no one else can touch, but I have no use for marketing. That's just for the mega-corporations." Which of the following arguments would you NOT use in talking about marketing?

answer

Marketing isn't essential now, but it will be in a year or two when the product takes off

question

When a T-shirt manufacturer states, "We only sell it in black because that way we can buy plenty of black fabric and run our plant efficiently," its statement reflects the views that were popular in which era of the evolution of marketing?

answer

market-oriented

question

UPS, FedEx, DHL, and other shipping companies support other firms' __________ marketing goals

answer

supply chain management

question

The four Ps make up the marketing mix, which is the __________ set of activities that the firm uses to respond to the wants and needs of its target markets

answer

controllable

question

The idea that a good product will sell itself is associated with the __________ era of marketing

answer

production-oriented

question

Xavier is analyzing potential market segments. He should carefully seek potential customers who have both an interest in his products and

answer

the ability to buy them

question

Which element of the marketing mix is most relevant to the activity "delivering value"?

answer

place

question

Many U.S. companies first discovered marketing during the __________ era.

answer

market-oriented

question

The primary purpose of the __________ plan is to specify the marketing activities for a specific time.

answer

Marketing

question

The evolution of marketing progressed along the following continuum:

answer

production, sales, marketing, value-based marketing

question

The importance of supply chain management is often overlooked in the study of marketing because

answer

many of the activities take place behind the scenes.

question

Effective promotion enhances a product or service's

answer

perceived value.

question

Which of the following is a core aspect of marketing?

answer

making product, place, promotion, and price decisions

question

Which marketing activity is most directly served by the promotion element of the marketing mix?

answer

communicating value

question

At one point in the evolution of marketing, the United States entered a buyer's market and the customer became king. Which era is being described?

answer

market-oriented

question

As owner of a retail franchise food store, Mary Gray purchases supplies based on specials advertised nationally throughout the franchise system. One Monday, she was surprised to find customers asking for specials she hadn't been informed of in advance. The franchise company failed to live up to the value-driven activity of

answer

sharing information across the organization.

question

The process of value __________, in which customers collaborate in product design, often provides additional value to the firm's customers.

answer

co-creation

question

Value-driven firms constantly measure the __________ that customers perceive, compared to the prices of their offerings.

answer

benefits

question

Many firms with complex products have missionary salespeople who assist customers with problems and implementation programs. These salespeople rarely sell products but often become involved in and knowledgeable about specific customers' needs and wants. These salespeople focus on a __________ orientation with their customers.

answer

relational

question

During the __________ era, manufacturers and retailers recognized they needed to give their customers greater value than their competitors did.

answer

value-based marketing

question

The idea that a good product will sell itself is associated with the __________ era of marketing.

answer

production-oriented

question

People who initiate, organize, operate, and assume the risk of a business venture are called

answer

entrepreneurs

question

The prevailing marketing strategy of the __________ era was to find customers for inventories that went unsold.

answer

sales-oriented

question

Supply chain management is also referred to as

answer

marketing channel management.

question

Even though they operate from out-of-the-way airports and offer few extra services, discount, no-frill airlines like Ryanair and EasyJet have been successful. Consumers obviously consider

answer

the benefit of lower prices to be greater than the cost of reduced services and less convenience.

question

Marketing provides the critical function of __________ when companies expand globally

answer

understanding customers

question

Jami sells construction equipment. Whenever she calls on her building contractor customers, she asks whether they are having any problems. In doing so, Jami is addressing which of the following core aspects of marketing?

answer

Satisfying customer needs and wants

question

To determine how attractive a particular market is, using the BCG portfolio analysis, __________________ is established as one axis.

answer

market growth rate

question

When conducting a SWOT analysis, in what phase of the strategic marketing process is an organization presently engaged?

answer

planning

question

In 2006, Walmart announced that it would begin selling organic food products. In doing so, Walmart was probably trying to

answer

attract a different market segment

question

If a firm wants to develop a sustainable competitive advantage, it should

answer

examine its operations and customer relations to identify significant things competitors cannot easily copy.

question

In 2006, Ford Motor Company announced it would severely cut back automobile production. For parts companies supplying Ford Motor, this represented a

answer

threat

question

Lionel is asked to conduct an STP analysis for his firm. The first step he should perform in this analysis is to

answer

divide the marketplace into subgroups.

question

Four companies dominate the cereal industry. These firms produce in large volumes, promote heavily, and control access to the supermarket shelves through slotting allowances, which are payments to retailers in return for shelf space. Combined, these four firms have

answer

a sustainable competitive advantage

question

Which of the following is the best way to build a sustainable competitive advantage using product excellence?

answer

positioning the product using a clear, distinctive brand image

question

Sodexo is a corporation that manages school cafeterias, university dining halls, mess halls at military bases, concession stands at sports arenas, and other large-scale food service facilities. If Sodexo were to begin to sell individual frozen meals in supermarkets, it would be pursuing a __________ growth strategy.

answer

diversification

question

Google and other search engines allow marketers to bid to have their ads shown when consumers search on keywords related to the firm's products. These marketers are attempting to create value through

answer

promotion

question

When discussing the marketing planning process, STP stands for

answer

segmentation, targeting, and positioning.

question

The automobile manufacturing industry closely watches annual consumer satisfaction surveys. For years, Japanese car companies consistently had the highest levels of customer satisfaction, creating a __________ for these companies.

answer

sustainable competitive advantage

question

Zara is a women's clothing retailer headquartered in Spain, with stores located in many countries. Zara has developed a quick-response system that allows store merchandise to be adjusted rapidly to fit changing customer preferences. Every aspect of Zara's operation is optimized for this system, making it difficult for competitors like The Gap to duplicate. Zara has established

answer

a sustainable competitive advantage

question

Which of the following actions, if it actually happened, would be the most likely to support and enhance an operational excellence macro strategy?

answer

3M Corporation, implementing new software to improve communication with its suppliers

question

H;R is a small, local heating and air conditioning business. The area military base is a potential source of growth, and H;R already installs and services the type of equipment the military would require, but it is difficult to get established as a certified government contractor. H;R is considering a ____________ growth strategy.

answer

market development

question

For many years, because of the size of the U.S. economy, domestic companies ignored international markets, preferring instead to develop new product offerings for existing customers. These companies were pursuing a ________________ strategy.

answer

product development

question

Fernando was thrilled to find out that his company had just decided to invest a great deal of money in the product he was managing. He knows that even with its recent high rate of growth and the fact that it dominates its market, he would need more money to establish it firmly. Using the BCG portfolio analysis, his product would be classified as a

answer

star

question

Even when large discount retailers enter a market, a few small, local retailers survive and prosper. These small retailers have probably developed a ________ that allows them to survive.

answer

sustainable competitive advantage

question

In its discussion of Nike and adidas, two major athletic shoe manufacturers, the text mentions that Nike has purchased Umbro, a sports brand that has appealed mainly to soccer (European football) enthusiasts in the past. This action suggests that Nike intends to compete head to head with adidas, which got its start designing soccer shoes. On a SWOT analysis for adidas, how should Nike's acquisition of Umbro be categorized?

answer

Threat

question

For many years, Southwest Airlines distinguished itself as the low-cost airline. Now, many other low-cost competitors have entered the market. Similarly, Southwest was one of the first airlines to offer online ticketing. Now, all airlines have online ticketing. These examples suggest that

answer

no single strategy is likely to be sufficient to build a sustainable competitive advantage.

question

Some universities offer online degree programs, competing with traditional colleges based on the convenience of taking online courses. These online programs are pursuing which macro strategy?

answer

Locational excellence

question

The global athletic footwear market is expected to experience only very slow growth over the next several years. Nike is the market leader, with a market share of approximately 33 percent. According to Boston Consulting Group portfolio analysis, how should Nike treat its athletic shoe business?

answer

Nike's athletic shoe business still requires some investment but is likely to produce excess resources that can be invested in other divisions of the company.

question

Subway is a large chain of franchise sandwich shops. Marcia owns three Subway stores in a large city. At the end of the year, she notes that sales rose from two to five percent over last year's sales at Stores 1 and 2 but fell two percent at Store 3. Based on this information, how should Marcia reward (or punish) her store managers?

answer

She should seek more information about why the stores had different results before making a decision.

question

When positioning products relative to competitors' offerings, firms typically are most successful when they focus on opportunities

answer

that build on their strengths relative to those of their competitors.

question

When pursuing a market development strategy, expanding into international markets is generally

answer

more risky than expansion in domestic markets.

question

Delta Airlines is among the companies experimenting with selling products and services on its Facebook pages. The idea is to make purchasing even easier for customers who may spend large portions of the day with Facebook active on their computers or mobile devices. There is no need even to navigate to Delta's website--users can book a trip in Delta's Ticket Agent application without ever leaving Facebook. Which element of the marketing mix does this represent?

answer

place and value delivery

question

Allen is in the marketing department of a mid-sized firm that develops and sells communications systems. He is proud of the Human Resources area in the company that provides the firm with excellent employees. Allen himself really enjoys his work, but he knows the work of HR helps create an operational advantage for the firm because of all of the following EXCEPT: a. it is easier to communicate with and inspire the customer if the employees believe in what the firm is doing. b. the company provides products with a high perceived value. c. building customer loyalty depends on a committed workforce. d. customers appreciate the kind of service that knowledgeable employees provide. e. employees play a major role in the success of the firm.

answer

b. the company provides products with a high perceived value.

question

In value-based marketing, promotion communicates the ________ to customers through a variety of media

answer

value proposition

question

Singapore Airlines seeks to differentiate itself from competing airlines, in part through innovative design of its airplane seats and in-flight entertainment systems. Through continuous innovation in these areas, Singapore Airlines is pursuing a __________ macro strategy.

answer

product excellence

question

Because it was able to deliver merchandise overnight, in the required quantities and at a lower delivered cost than its competitors, Joe's Sports Shack was given exclusive rights to sell clothing with school logos for the school district. Joe's demonstrates ________ excellence.

answer

operational

question

For U.S. businesses with strong export capabilities, expansion of U.S. trade agreements with other countries creates

answer

opportunities

question

LeBron James, Alex Rodriguez, and other athletes are paid huge sums of money by companies for celebrity endorsements. If endorsements by these athletes create a clear understanding among consumers of the companies' products in comparison to competing products, they can help with the firm's ________________ strategy.

answer

positioning

question

When Nike, the prominent athletic shoe manufacturer, branched out from selling only athletic shoes to also offering athletic clothing and gym bags, what type of growth strategy did this represent?

answer

product development

question

Abercrombie ; Fitch, a clothing retailer, includes a SHARE link on the product pages of its website. This link encourages an Abercrombie customer to post a link (perhaps showing a new style of jeans) on Facebook or Twitter. Abercrombie ; Fitch hopes that the customer's friends (who are probably very much like current customers) will click the link, visit the page, and make purchases. This is an example of a __________ growth strategy.

answer

market penetration

question

Some banks have begun offering special accounts designed to attract junior high school students. These kids save in such small amounts that the accounts cost banks more to maintain than they are worth. But bankers know that consumers are creatures of habit and hope that the young people they serve now will become adult customers. These banks recognize

answer

the lifetime value of customers

question

The process of dividing the market into groups of customers with different needs, wants, or characteristics is called

answer

market segmentation

question

In mid-2010, Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) acquired Palm Computing, Inc., a manufacturer of personal devices and smart phones. Before deciding to acquire the company, strategic planners at HP spent time thinking about how Palm and HP would fit together, and how the acquisition might change HP's core goals and objectives. The strategic planners were engaged in the ____________ step of the marketing planning process.

answer

define the business mission

question

Introducing newly developed products or services to a market segment the company is not currently serving is called

answer

diversification

question

Marketers who design and offer new products and services to their existing customers are pursuing a ____________________ growth strategy.

answer

product development

question

Understanding the causes of performance, regardless of whether that performance exceeded, met, or fell below the firm's goals

answer

enables firms to make appropriate adjustments.

question

Even when large discount retailers enter a market, a few small, local retailers survive and prosper. These small retailers have probably developed a________ that allows them to survive.

answer

sustainable competitive advantage

question

Fourteenth National Bank prides itself on offering better service than any of its competitors. If this is accurate, and if customers recognize and value Fourteenth National's superior service, the bank creates and delivers value through

answer

customer excellence.

question

After conducting STP analysis for her custom auto parts store and developing strategies for each of the four Ps, Monique now has to make _____________ decisions.

answer

resource allocation

question

Which of the following is LEAST likely to provide a sustainable competitive advantage? a. lowering prices b. creating an efficient supply chain c. using patented technology d. having a well-known brand name e. achieving high levels of customer satisfaction

answer

a. lowering prices

question

A competitive advantage based on location is often sustainable because

answer

it is not easily duplicated.

question

Carla has been directed by her regional marketing manager to cut prices on seasonal items, place an ad in the local paper, and tell distributors to reduce deliveries for the next month. Which step of the strategic marketing planning process is Carla engaged in?

answer

implement marketing mix and resources

question

__________ are a measure that indicates what percentage of potential customers act as the marketer hopes by clicking, buying, or donating.

answer

Conversion rates

question

Ask.com is a website that invites site users to ask questions to be answered by other users. Questions cover a wide range of topics, from "How do I get rid of blemishes overnight?" to "What does the Federal Reserve do when it wants to increase the quantity of money in circulation?" Site visitors rate the various answers provided, and answers are displayed according to their ratings. Which segment of social networking users would be most likely to enjoy answering questions on Ask.com?

answer

sharers

question

One important measure of social media's effectiveness is the percentage of site visitors who take the action the site owner hoped for—making a purchase, subscribing to a service, or donating money, for example. This measure is called the site's

answer

conversion rate.

question

Companies can find out a lot about customers using sentiment analysis on sites like Facebook and Twitter, or put another way, by

answer

listening.

question

When developing a social media campaign, what is unique about the copy and images to be used?

answer

They need to be updated almost constantly.

question

Each year, Doritos sponsors a Crash the Super Bowl contest, encouraging individuals to submit ads for Doritos to the contest. The winning ad is aired during the Super Bowl broadcast. Which segment of social networking users would be most likely to submit an ad for this contest?

answer

creators

question

Jessica is still in college but is very motivated to earn some extra money in her spare time. She is quite knowledgeable regarding politics and was hired by a candidate to generate student interest by posting online articles on student-read sites. Jessica's new job most likely has the title of

answer

blogger.

question

The 4E framework for social media guides marketers in using social media effectively to build and deepen customer relationships. Which of the following is NOT one of the four E's in this framework?

answer

Energy

question

When measuring social media effectiveness, one important measure is the number of people in an individual's social networks. This is referred to as

answer

social reach

question

What is a microblog?

answer

A blog service that supports only short posts

question

Which segment of social media users would be most likely to use Facebook to post frequently about the day-to-day details of their lives and to comment on similar details posted by their friends?

answer

bonders

question

Which of the following is the most effective technique used by retailers to combat lost sales from price check apps used by customers shopping in brick and mortar stores?

answer

arming salespeople with smartphones so they search inventories and place orders online

question

When measuring social media effectiveness, we observe that some people's posts and other content get a higher-than-average amount of attention from the people in their network. These people are said to have a higher degree of

answer

influence.

question

Research indicates that positively engaged consumers tend to be

answer

more profitable consumers.

question

How is the cost to companies and entrepreneurs using Google Analytics calculated?

answer

free for everyone

question

Karlie likes to post fancy cupcakes and cookies on Pinterest. She also posts pictures of fun kitchen equipment in sherbet colors, and looks for baking ideas and equipment. What type of social media site is Karlie using?

answer

media sharing

question

Excluding computers, which of the following methods is used by more consumers to access social media?

answer

mobile phones

question

Companies that specialize in sentiment analysis are least likely to look at __________ for data.

answer

YouTube

question

The first step in the process of creating a social media campaign is to

answer

set goals.

question

From a marketing perspective, what role is played by professional bloggers?

answer

reviewing and giving product recommendations

question

Jordan loves to read and write. She started a blog about books, including writing hints and book reviews. The readership of her blog gradually increased, and eventually publishers started sending her new books, hoping she would review them. Over time, Jordan's blog has changed from a __________ blog to a __________ blog.

answer

personal; professional

question

What is Google+?

answer

a social networking site

question

Darren has developed a better type of medication vial for travelers. He is not sure how to develop a marketing program for his product, as there are a few similar ones on the market. What technique can Darren use to analyze data from his competitors' websites, particularly to learn how people search for similar products online?

answer

keyword analysis

question

The final step in the process of creating a social media campaign is to

answer

monitor the program.

question

While waiting in line to make a purchase at Best Buy, Joanie sees signs reminding her to visit its website for online specials and to sign up right now on her smartphone for the Best Buy Loyalty Rewards Program. Other signs remind her that Best Buy will match competitors' prices on any item it sells. This is an example of which 4E framework?

answer

Educate

question

What is the disadvantage for companies in using a daily budget such as that offered by Facebook to its advertisers?

answer

may limit exposure if ad is very successful

question

Julian and his friends log on to an app at the mall. They follow a series of challenges in participating stores, which include snapping pictures of different products and bumping phones with other shoppers. The winner receives a coupon for the food court. What game are they participating in?

answer

SCVNGR

question

YouTube is an example of what type of social media site?

answer

media sharing

question

Social media first began to get more professional and offer more to users

answer

at the turn of the twenty-first century.

question

Suppose that Nike wanted to use Facebook to increase awareness of a new line of tennis shoes. Which of the following methods would allow Nike to specifically target Facebook users who have mentioned tennis in their profiles?

answer

Placing a Facebook ad

question

One measure of traffic from visitors on sites, the total page requests, is measured in units called

answer

Hits

question

What does a Klout score measure?

answer

social reach, influence, and extended network

question

Suppose that the Chipotle restaurant chain held a competition offering free food for a year to the customer who visited—and checked in—to the largest number of Chipotle restaurants via the FourSquare mobile app. This promotion would be an example of

answer

gamification.

question

The sale of products that may damage the environment, the use of sweatshop labor, and the marketing of dangerous products are examples of

answer

marketing ethical issues

question

When Johnson and Johnson removed all Tylenol from the shelves after some containers were tampered with, poisoning and killing seven people, the company

answer

sacrificed short-term profits for long-term credibility

question

In a recent Gallup survey, which of the following professions was rated lowest in ethical standards?

answer

car salespeople

question

Unlike other business functions like accounting or finance, people in marketing are often singled out as the root cause of ethical concerns because

answer

they interact directly with consumers.

question

Charges that firms are using sweatshop labor to produce their products are likely to occur during the __________ phase of the strategic marketing planning process.

answer

implementation

question

How might a technology company like Apple ensure that it behaves in a socially responsible way toward its customers?

answer

By protecting the privacy of personal information collected on its website

question

How did Johnson and Johnson recently respond to new limits on acetaminophen dosages?

answer

It reminded people not to take more than the recommended dosage.

question

All of the following terms are generally associated with the definition of corporate social responsibility EXCEPT: a. social impact. b. stakeholders. c. profit. d. environmental impact. e. voluntary.

answer

C. profit.

question

The Ethical Decision-Making Framework includes all of the following steps EXCEPT: a. promote the firm's corporate social responsibility efforts. b. choose a course of action. c. gather information and identify stakeholders. d. identify issues. e. brainstorm and evaluate alternatives.

answer

A. promote the firm's corporate social responsibility efforts.

question

When Toyota owners began to report problems with sticking accelerator pedals and non-functioning brakes, Toyota at first ignored or rejected the claims. Eventually, the company evaluated the issue and did a recall. Which of the four steps of the Ethical Decision-Making Framework was Toyota performing when it recalled several of its 2007-2010 models?

answer

choose a course of action

question

Being socially responsible is generally considered

answer

beyond the norms of corporate ethical behavior.

question

New real estate disclosure regulations require sellers and their agents to tell prospective buyers about any existing problems. Previously, they were only expected to answer buyers' questions. The new regulation addressed the marketing ethical problem of

answer

withholding information

question

Every year, General Mills issues a report discussing how the firm has performed against its own standards of ethical conduct. This report is part of General Mills' __________ phase of its strategic marketing planning process.

answer

control

question

If Melissa decides to sell the best ice cream on earth, and intends to establish a strong ethical climate in her organization, during which phase of the strategic marketing planning process should she introduce ethical considerations?

answer

Planning

question

Ironically, while the leaders of Enron Corporation were manipulating the company's finances for their personal benefit, the company was a major donor to Houston area charities. Enron had unethical business practices, but was also

answer

demonstrating corporate social responsibility

question

All of the following terms are generally associated with the definition of corporate social responsibility EXCEPT: a. social impact. b. profit. c. voluntary. d. environmental impact. e. stakeholders.

answer

B. Profit

question

Denny is considering the question, "Did our actions have a negative impact on any stakeholder group?" Denny is addressing marketing ethical issues in the __________ phase of the strategic marketing planning process.

answer

control

question

Compared to the average company, firms with strong ethical climates tend to

answer

be more socially responsible.

question

Policing potential violations of human rights and child labor laws is an important component of

answer

the mission statement.

question

When looking at ethical issues associated with the strategic marketing planning process, questions

answer

vary at each stage of the process.

question

Garrett has just purchased a beer distributorship. He wants to increase the visibility of his firm in local markets, but he knows there are a number of regulations and socially accepted practices associated with promoting alcoholic beverages. According to the Framework for Ethical Decision Making, the first thing Garrett should do is to

answer

identify issues that need to be addressed.

question

Many corporations are shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution retirement programs. When considering changes to retirement programs, the primary stakeholders are the

answer

employees.

question

The chapter opening case on the fishing industry focused on what ethical dilemma?

answer

Fisheries and restaurants are substituting a less popular fish for a more popular one without the consumer's knowledge.

question

The Harvest County School Board is concerned about deteriorating school facilities, combined with a shrinking budget. The board began by studying the issue, and then identified parents, children, teachers, staff, and taxpayers as groups who have a vested interest in the problem. The school board has listened to each group's concerns. In the Ethical Decision-Making Framework, its next action should be to

answer

engage in brainstorming and evaluate alternatives.

question

After a firm has identified the various stakeholders and their issues and gathered available data related to an ethical decision-making situation, all parties relevant to the decision should engage in

answer

brainstorming and evaluation of alternatives.

question

When making decisions, managers often have to decide between doing what is beneficial for them (and possibly the firm) in the short run, and doing what is right and beneficial for the firm and for society in the long run. To address this conflict, a firm

answer

must ensure that long-term goals of the firm are aligned with the short-term goals of each individual within the firm.

question

Many executives and corporate boards of directors do not perceive social responsibility as part of their mission or responsibility. These business leaders consider corporate social responsibility to be

answer

beyond the norms of corporate ethical behavior.

question

The Ethical Decision-Making Framework includes all of the following steps EXCEPT: a. identify issues. b. gather information and identify stakeholders. c. brainstorm and evaluate alternatives. d. choose a course of action. e. promote the firm's corporate social responsibility efforts.

answer

e. promote the firm's corporate social responsibility efforts.

question

When auditing expenses claimed by the university president, the auditors found extravagant spending on $1,000 per night hotels, banquets, and gourmet restaurants. The president was fired, alumni donations declined, and staff members—who were disturbed by the extravagance while staff salaries were frozen—quit their jobs. This example illustrates

answer

e. that the impact of unethical actions can affect the organization in unanticipated ways.

question

The Johnson and Johnson Credo

answer

has guided the firm since it was written in the 1940s.

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