Home Page Arts And Humanities Philosophy Ethics Business Management Flashcards About Management Chapters 1-4

Flashcards About Management Chapters 1-4

Rosa Sloan

22 July 2021

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Getting work done through others

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Management

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Getting work done with minimum effort, expense, or waste

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Efficiency

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Accomplishing tasks that help fulfil organizational objectives

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Effectiveness

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Four Functions of Management

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Planning Organizing Leading Controlling

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Planning

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determining organizational goals and a means for achieving them

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Organizing

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deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom in the company

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Leading

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inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals

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Controlling

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monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when progress isn't being made

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Top Managers

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Executives responsible for the overall direction of the organization Chief executive officer (CEO) Chief operating officer (COO) Chief financial officer (CFO) Chief information officer (CIO)

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Middle Manager

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-Setting objectives consistent with top management's goals -Planning and implementing subunit strategies for achieving the objectives

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First-Line Managers

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Train and supervise the performance of nonmanagerial employees who are responsible for producing a company's goods and services Responsibilities - Monitoring, teaching, and short-term planning

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Team Leaders

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Managers responsible for facilitating team activities toward goal accomplishment Help team members: Plan and schedule work Learn to solve problems Work effectively with each other

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Monitor

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Managers scan their environment for information

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Figurehead

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Managers perform ceremonial duties

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Leader

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Managers motivate and encourage workers to accomplish organizational objectives

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Liaison

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Managers deal with people outside their units

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Disseminator

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Managers share the collected information with their subordinates and others in the company

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Spokesperson

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Managers share information with people outside their departments or companies

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Entrepreneur

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Managers adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to change

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Disturbance handler

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Managers respond to pressures and problems that demand immediate attention and action

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Resource allocator

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Managers decide who gets what resources and in what amounts

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Negotiator

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Managers negotiate schedules, projects, resources, and employee raises

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Employment security

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Employees can innovate and increase the profitability of an organization without the fear of losing their job

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Selective hiring

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Companies need to hire the best talent due to the presence of employment security

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Self-managed teams

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Produce high productivity through increased employee commitment and creativity

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Decentralization

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Allows employees closest to problems, production, and clients to make timely decisions

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Kinds of managers are

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top, middle, first-line, and team leaders

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Roles played by managers include

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interpersonal, informational, and decisional

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_______ are essential for managers

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Technical, human, and conceptual skills

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External Environments

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The forces and events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it.

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Environmental change

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Rate at which a company's general and specific environments change

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Stable environment

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Rate of change is slow

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Dynamic environment

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Rate of change is fast

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Punctuated equilibrium theory

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Companies go through long periods of stability, followed by short periods of dynamic, fundamental change, and then a new equilibrium

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Environmental complexity

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Number and intensity of external factors in the environment that affect organizations

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Simple environment

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Includes few factors

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Leaders must be able to manage:

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Environmental change Environmental complexity Resource scarcity Uncertainty

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Complex environment

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Includes many factors

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Resource scarcity

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Abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an external environment The extent to which managers can predict which external changes and trends will affect their businesses

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Environmental change+environmental complexity+resource scarcity=

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environmental uncertainty

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Business confidence indices

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Show managers' level of confidence about future business growth

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Technology

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Knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs

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Sociocultural

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Includes demographic characteristics, general behavior, attitudes, and beliefs of people in a particular society Changes in demographic characteristics affect how companies staff their businesses Changes in behavior, attitudes, and beliefs affect the demand for a business's products and services

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Women hold 14.7% of board seats at Fortune 500 companies; women of color hold 3.4%. For each $1 earned by men, women earn 81 cents; Hispanics are 14.9% of the workforce and hold 5% of managerial jobs.

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Women are 52% of the U.S. workforce and hold 50.3% of managerial jobs. African-Americans are 11.1% of the workforce and hold 5.4% of managerial jobs. African-American women earn 64 cents; Hispanic women earn 52 cents.

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Competitors

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Companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services to customers

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Suppliers

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Companies that provide material, human, financial, and informational resources to other companies

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Industry Regulation

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Regulations and rules that govern the business practices and procedures

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Advocacy Group

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Concerned citizens that band together to try to influence business practices

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Reactive customer monitoring

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Identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur

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Proactive customer monitoring

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Identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur

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Competitors

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companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services

question

Competitive analysis

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a process of monitoring the competition that involves identifying competition, anticipating their moves, and determining their strengths and weaknesses

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Suppliers

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companies that provide material, human, financial, and informational resources to other companies

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Regulations and rules that govern the practices and procedures of specific industries, businesses, and professions

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Ex. CAFÉ standards

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Advocacy Groups

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Public communication Media advocacy Product boycott

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Three-step process employed by managers Environmental scanning:

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Searching the environment for important events or issues that might affect an organization Managers scan the environment to reduce uncertainty. Organizational strategies affect environmental scanning. Environmental scanning contributes to organizational performance.

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Threat

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managers typically take steps to protect the company from further harm

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Opportunity

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managers consider strategic alternatives for taking advantage of those events to improve performance

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Organizational heroes

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People admired for their qualities and achievements within an organization

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Behavioral addition

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is the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior

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Behavioral substitution

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having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior

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Change visible artifacts

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such as the office design and layout, company dress codes, etc.

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General environment consists of

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the economy, technological, sociocultural, and political/legal trends that indirectly affect all organizations

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Components of specific environment are

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customer, competitor, supplier, industry regulation, and advocacy groups

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Economic Responsibility

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To make a profit by producing a valued product or service

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Legal Responsibility

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To obey society's laws and regulations

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Ethical Responsibility

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To abide by accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting business

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Discretionary responsibilities

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Social roles that a company fulfils beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

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Reactive Strategy

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Company does less than society expects

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Defensive strategy

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Company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expectations

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Accommodative strategy

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Company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem

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Proactive strategy

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Company anticipates a problem before it occurs and does more than society's expectations

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Social responsibilities of organizations

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Economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary

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Responses to demands for social responsibility

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Reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive strategies

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Fruitlicious is a fruit juice manufacturing company. The company ensures that all the raw materials are used well and minimal waste is produced. The juice extraction and packaging units are designed in such way that quality is maintained with minimal costs. It can be said that Fruitlicious demonstrates _____.

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Efficiency

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Managers must strive for _____, which is accomplishing tasks that help fulfill organizational objectives such as customer service and satisfaction

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Effectiveness

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_____ involves determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them.

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Planning

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Magnitude of consequences

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total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

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Social Consensus

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agreement on whether behavior is good or bad

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Probability of effect

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the chance that something will happen and then result in harm to others

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Temporal Immediacy

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the time between an act and the consequences

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Proximity of effect

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the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his decision

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Concentration of Effect

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how much an act affects the average person

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The function of _____ typically involves deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom in the company.

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Organizing

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_____ refers to monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed.

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Controlling

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As the human resources manager at Hayden Engineering and Manufacturing Corp, Kim had to find effective ways to reward high performing employees and boost their morale during an economic downturn. Which management function did Kim have to engage in?

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Leading

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_____ are executives responsible for the overall direction of the organization.

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Top Managers

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It is typically the responsibility of _____ to develop employees' commitment to and ownership of the company's performance.

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Top Managers

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Middle managers typically:

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plan and allocate resources to meet objectives.

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First-line managers will most likely have to:

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encourage, monitor, and reward the performances of their employees.

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A ____ for a fast-food restaurant would be responsible for giving instructions to the staff and for setting up weekly work schedules.

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First Line Manager

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According to Mintzberg, which of the following is one of the three major roles managers fulfill while performing their jobs?

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Interpersonal roles

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Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal role?

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figurehead

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The informational role managers' play when they share information they have collected with their subordinates and others in the company is called the ____ role.

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disseminator

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In the _____ managerial role, managers discuss and handle schedules, projects, goals, outcomes, resources, and employee raises.

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negotiator

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In the context of decisional roles, managers who assume the _____ role respond to pressures and problems so severe that they demand immediate attention and action.

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disturbance handler

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_____ skills can be summarized as the ability to work well with others.

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human

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An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses.

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technical skill

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Which type of skills are the most important to the success of lower-level managers?

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Technical skills

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What type of skills are equally important at all levels of management?

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Human Skills

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Which skill is needed to get employees to participate in competitive situations?

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Motivation to manage

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Which of the following is a characteristic of derailers?

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They are abrasive and intimidating.

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According to Linda Hill's study, which of the following is typically an expectation that managers have during the initial stages of management?

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They believe that they need to "be the boss"

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_____ is the ultimate form of commitment companies can make to their workers.

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Employment security

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According to ____, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

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the contingency approach

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Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____.

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open systems

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Which of the following statements about information management is true?

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The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were paper and the printing press

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A systems view of management allows managers to ____.

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deal with the complex environment in which their companies operate

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Which of the following management theorists believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority?

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Chester Barnard

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_____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.

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Operations management

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Which of the following management theories uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories?

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Operations management

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Which of the following was demonstrated by the Hawthorne Studies?

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Workers were not just extension of machines.

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Which of the following management theorists provided managers with a better understanding of the effect group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?

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Elton Mayo

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With integrative conflict resolution, _____.

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both parties work together to create an alternative solution that includes shared preferences

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According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, _____ means that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss.

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unity of command

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According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, _____ requires managers to develop a strong sense of morale and unity among workers that encourages coordination of efforts.

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esprit de corps

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Identify the three ways in which Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal with conflict.

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Domination, compromise, and integration

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According to Henri Fayol, _____ is monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed.

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controlling

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_____ focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work.

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Human relations management

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According to human relations management _____.

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success depends on treating workers well

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Which of the following management theorists helped develop human relations management?

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Mary Parker Follett

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According to Henri Fayol, _____ is deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom.

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organizing

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According to bureaucratic management, employees should be hired on the basis of _____.

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educational background of an applicant

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According to bureaucratic management, _____ should supervise the organization.

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Managers

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According to bureaucratic management, which of the following is a criterion on which employees should be promoted?

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Experience or achievements

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Which of the following does a Gantt chart visually indicate?

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The time in which each task should be completed for a project

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One of the objectives of the motion study conducted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth was to:

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improve productivity of workers.

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Prior to the introduction of _____, five workers each given an identical task could use five different methods to perform the task with some methods being significantly more efficient than others.

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scientific management

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Which of the following is the goal of scientific management?

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To find the one best way to perform each task.

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Scientific Management

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thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job

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Soldiering

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when workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output

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rate buster

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a group member whose work pace is significantly faster than the normal pace in his or her group

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Motion Study

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breaking each task or job into its separate motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary or repetitive

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Time study

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timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs

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Gantt chart

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a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task

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Bureaucracy

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the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

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Domination

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an approach to dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party's desires and objectives

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Compromise

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an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict

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Integrative conflict resolution

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an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both

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Organization

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a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people

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System

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a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole

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Subsystems

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smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system

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Synergy

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when two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart

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Closed Systems

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systems that can sustain themselves without interacting with their environments

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Open Systems

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systems that can sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments, on which they depend for their survival

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Contingency approach

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holds that there are no universal management theories and that the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place

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_____ refer to discernible symbols of an organization's culture, such as the office design and layout, company dress code, and company benefits and perks, like stock options, personal parking spaces, or the private company dining room.

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visible artifacts

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful organizational cultures?

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Immutability

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_____ is defined as a firm's purpose or reason for existing.

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Company mission

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____ is a primary source of organizational culture.

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The Company's Founder

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_____ is defined as searching the industry for important events or issues that might affect an organization.

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Environmental scanning

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The term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture.

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internal environment

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____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization.

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Organizational culture

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_____ refers to the protocols and guidelines that govern the business practices and procedures of specific businesses, and professions.

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Industry regulation

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_____ are groups of concerned citizens who band together to try to influence the business practices of specific industries, businesses, and professions.

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Advocacy groups

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A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to _____.

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opportunistic behavior

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Competitive analysis refers to:

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identifying companies that sell similar products.

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Which of the following helps managers accurately analyze competition?

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Refraining from underestimating the potential of competitors

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____ is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur.

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Reactive customer monitoring

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_____refers to identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur.

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Proactive monitoring

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A court ruling regarding the unfair firing of employees is a development in the _____ component of the general environment.

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political/legal

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Many people in Rhenasia are cutting down on their spending. This is because of a lack of well-paying jobs in the country. Many businesses in the country are getting affected as the buying power of customers has drastically reduced. The environmental characteristic that is affecting businesses in Rhenasia is _____.

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the economy

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Business confidence indices:

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show how sure actual managers are about future business growth.

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_____ refers to the knowledge, tools, and methods used to transform inputs (raw materials, information, and so on) into outputs (products and services).

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Technology

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Environmental uncertainty is most likely to be lowest when:

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environmental resource scarcity is low.

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Which of the following is a part of the general environment of an organization?

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Technology trends and Political Trends

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Which of the following is true about a company's specific environment?

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It is unique to a particular firm's industry.

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Which of the following statements is true about environmental uncertainty?

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It is most likely to be high when environmental change is extensive.

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_____ is the rate at which a company's general and specific environments alter.

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Environmental change

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According to the ____, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short, complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability.

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punctuated equilibrium theory

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Which of the following is a part of the general environment of an organization?

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Political Trends

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A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.

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proactive

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A company using a(n) _____ social responsiveness strategy will do less than society expects.

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reactive

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A company using a(n) _____ strategy would admit responsibility for a problem but would do the least required to meet societal expectations.

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defensive

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_____ pertain to the social roles that businesses play in society beyond their economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities.

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Discretionary responsibilities

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_____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society.

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Economic

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Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because _____.

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they can affect public perceptions and opinions

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Under the stakeholder model, ____ would be an example of a stakeholder group that most strongly affects public perceptions and opinions about the company's socially responsible behavior.

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the media

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Groups such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities are examples of _____ stakeholders.

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primary

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A primary stakeholder of an organization would be _____.

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customers

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According to the _____ model, the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profits.

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shareholder

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In the context of corporate social responsibility, which of the following statements would Milton Friedman agree to?

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The time, money, and attention diverted to social causes undermine market efficiency.

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Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called _____.

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stakeholders

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The two general categories of stakeholders are _____ stakeholders.

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primary and secondary

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Which of the following statements best defines social responsibility?

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It is a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society.

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Which of the following is an important step in establishing an ethical climate in an organization?

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The top managers behaving ethically

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The last step in the basic model of ethical decision making is to _____.

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act on the situation

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All of the following are important factors in the creation of an ethical business climate EXCEPT ____.

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official approval of a company's ethics code by government regulators

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During an ethical decision-making process, which of these questions must be asked in order to identify a problem?

answer

"What are the factors that make this an ethical problem?"

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According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ make decisions that conform to societal expectations.

answer

conventional level

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The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

answer

the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level

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People at the _____ of moral development use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas.

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postconventional level

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According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ make decisions that are based on selfish reasons.

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preconventional level

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Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____.

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individual commitment

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Which of the following terms describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?

answer

Ethical intensity

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Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

answer

When people believe their work environment is ethical, they are six times more likely to stay with that company.

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question

Getting work done through others

answer

Management

question

Getting work done with minimum effort, expense, or waste

answer

Efficiency

question

Accomplishing tasks that help fulfil organizational objectives

answer

Effectiveness

question

Four Functions of Management

answer

Planning Organizing Leading Controlling

question

Planning

answer

determining organizational goals and a means for achieving them

question

Organizing

answer

deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom in the company

question

Leading

answer

inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals

question

Controlling

answer

monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when progress isn't being made

question

Top Managers

answer

Executives responsible for the overall direction of the organization Chief executive officer (CEO) Chief operating officer (COO) Chief financial officer (CFO) Chief information officer (CIO)

question

Middle Manager

answer

-Setting objectives consistent with top management's goals -Planning and implementing subunit strategies for achieving the objectives

question

First-Line Managers

answer

Train and supervise the performance of nonmanagerial employees who are responsible for producing a company's goods and services Responsibilities - Monitoring, teaching, and short-term planning

question

Team Leaders

answer

Managers responsible for facilitating team activities toward goal accomplishment Help team members: Plan and schedule work Learn to solve problems Work effectively with each other

question

Monitor

answer

Managers scan their environment for information

question

Figurehead

answer

Managers perform ceremonial duties

question

Leader

answer

Managers motivate and encourage workers to accomplish organizational objectives

question

Liaison

answer

Managers deal with people outside their units

question

Disseminator

answer

Managers share the collected information with their subordinates and others in the company

question

Spokesperson

answer

Managers share information with people outside their departments or companies

question

Entrepreneur

answer

Managers adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to change

question

Disturbance handler

answer

Managers respond to pressures and problems that demand immediate attention and action

question

Resource allocator

answer

Managers decide who gets what resources and in what amounts

question

Negotiator

answer

Managers negotiate schedules, projects, resources, and employee raises

question

Employment security

answer

Employees can innovate and increase the profitability of an organization without the fear of losing their job

question

Selective hiring

answer

Companies need to hire the best talent due to the presence of employment security

question

Self-managed teams

answer

Produce high productivity through increased employee commitment and creativity

question

Decentralization

answer

Allows employees closest to problems, production, and clients to make timely decisions

question

Kinds of managers are

answer

top, middle, first-line, and team leaders

question

Roles played by managers include

answer

interpersonal, informational, and decisional

question

_______ are essential for managers

answer

Technical, human, and conceptual skills

question

External Environments

answer

The forces and events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it.

question

Environmental change

answer

Rate at which a company's general and specific environments change

question

Stable environment

answer

Rate of change is slow

question

Dynamic environment

answer

Rate of change is fast

question

Punctuated equilibrium theory

answer

Companies go through long periods of stability, followed by short periods of dynamic, fundamental change, and then a new equilibrium

question

Environmental complexity

answer

Number and intensity of external factors in the environment that affect organizations

question

Simple environment

answer

Includes few factors

question

Leaders must be able to manage:

answer

Environmental change Environmental complexity Resource scarcity Uncertainty

question

Complex environment

answer

Includes many factors

question

Resource scarcity

answer

Abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an external environment The extent to which managers can predict which external changes and trends will affect their businesses

question

Environmental change+environmental complexity+resource scarcity=

answer

environmental uncertainty

question

Business confidence indices

answer

Show managers' level of confidence about future business growth

question

Technology

answer

Knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs

question

Sociocultural

answer

question

answer

question

Competitors

answer

Companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services to customers

question

Suppliers

answer

Companies that provide material, human, financial, and informational resources to other companies

question

Industry Regulation

answer

Regulations and rules that govern the business practices and procedures

question

Advocacy Group

answer

Concerned citizens that band together to try to influence business practices

question

Reactive customer monitoring

answer

Identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur

question

Proactive customer monitoring

answer

Identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur

question

Competitors

answer

companies in the same industry that sell similar products or services

question

Competitive analysis

answer

a process of monitoring the competition that involves identifying competition, anticipating their moves, and determining their strengths and weaknesses

question

Suppliers

answer

companies that provide material, human, financial, and informational resources to other companies

question

Regulations and rules that govern the practices and procedures of specific industries, businesses, and professions

answer

Ex. CAFÉ standards

question

Advocacy Groups

answer

Public communication Media advocacy Product boycott

question

Three-step process employed by managers Environmental scanning:

answer

question

Threat

answer

managers typically take steps to protect the company from further harm

question

Opportunity

answer

managers consider strategic alternatives for taking advantage of those events to improve performance

question

Organizational heroes

answer

People admired for their qualities and achievements within an organization

question

Behavioral addition

answer

is the process of having managers and employees perform a new behavior

question

Behavioral substitution

answer

having managers and employees perform a new behavior in place of another behavior

question

Change visible artifacts

answer

such as the office design and layout, company dress codes, etc.

question

General environment consists of

answer

the economy, technological, sociocultural, and political/legal trends that indirectly affect all organizations

question

Components of specific environment are

answer

customer, competitor, supplier, industry regulation, and advocacy groups

question

Economic Responsibility

answer

To make a profit by producing a valued product or service

question

Legal Responsibility

answer

To obey society's laws and regulations

question

Ethical Responsibility

answer

To abide by accepted principles of right and wrong when conducting business

question

Discretionary responsibilities

answer

Social roles that a company fulfils beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

question

Reactive Strategy

answer

Company does less than society expects

question

Defensive strategy

answer

Company admits responsibility for a problem but does the least required to meet societal expectations

question

Accommodative strategy

answer

Company accepts responsibility for a problem and does all that society expects to solve that problem

question

Proactive strategy

answer

Company anticipates a problem before it occurs and does more than society's expectations

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Social responsibilities of organizations

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Economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary

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Responses to demands for social responsibility

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Reactive, defensive, accommodative, and proactive strategies

question

answer

Efficiency

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Managers must strive for _____, which is accomplishing tasks that help fulfill organizational objectives such as customer service and satisfaction

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Effectiveness

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_____ involves determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them.

answer

Planning

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Magnitude of consequences

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total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

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Social Consensus

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agreement on whether behavior is good or bad

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Probability of effect

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the chance that something will happen and then result in harm to others

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Temporal Immediacy

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the time between an act and the consequences

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Proximity of effect

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the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his decision

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Concentration of Effect

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how much an act affects the average person

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The function of _____ typically involves deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom in the company.

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Organizing

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_____ refers to monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed.

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Controlling

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answer

Leading

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_____ are executives responsible for the overall direction of the organization.

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Top Managers

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It is typically the responsibility of _____ to develop employees' commitment to and ownership of the company's performance.

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Top Managers

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Middle managers typically:

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plan and allocate resources to meet objectives.

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First-line managers will most likely have to:

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encourage, monitor, and reward the performances of their employees.

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A ____ for a fast-food restaurant would be responsible for giving instructions to the staff and for setting up weekly work schedules.

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First Line Manager

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According to Mintzberg, which of the following is one of the three major roles managers fulfill while performing their jobs?

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Interpersonal roles

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Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal role?

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figurehead

question

The informational role managers' play when they share information they have collected with their subordinates and others in the company is called the ____ role.

answer

disseminator

question

In the _____ managerial role, managers discuss and handle schedules, projects, goals, outcomes, resources, and employee raises.

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negotiator

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In the context of decisional roles, managers who assume the _____ role respond to pressures and problems so severe that they demand immediate attention and action.

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disturbance handler

question

_____ skills can be summarized as the ability to work well with others.

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human

question

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses.

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technical skill

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Which type of skills are the most important to the success of lower-level managers?

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Technical skills

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What type of skills are equally important at all levels of management?

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Human Skills

question

Which skill is needed to get employees to participate in competitive situations?

answer

Motivation to manage

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of derailers?

answer

They are abrasive and intimidating.

question

According to Linda Hill's study, which of the following is typically an expectation that managers have during the initial stages of management?

answer

They believe that they need to "be the boss"

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_____ is the ultimate form of commitment companies can make to their workers.

answer

Employment security

question

According to ____, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place.

answer

the contingency approach

question

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____.

answer

open systems

question

Which of the following statements about information management is true?

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The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were paper and the printing press

question

A systems view of management allows managers to ____.

answer

deal with the complex environment in which their companies operate

question

Which of the following management theorists believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority?

answer

Chester Barnard

question

_____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.

answer

Operations management

question

Which of the following management theories uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories?

answer

Operations management

question

Which of the following was demonstrated by the Hawthorne Studies?

answer

Workers were not just extension of machines.

question

Which of the following management theorists provided managers with a better understanding of the effect group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?

answer

Elton Mayo

question

With integrative conflict resolution, _____.

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both parties work together to create an alternative solution that includes shared preferences

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According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, _____ means that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss.

answer

unity of command

question

According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, _____ requires managers to develop a strong sense of morale and unity among workers that encourages coordination of efforts.

answer

esprit de corps

question

Identify the three ways in which Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal with conflict.

answer

Domination, compromise, and integration

question

According to Henri Fayol, _____ is monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed.

answer

controlling

question

_____ focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work.

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Human relations management

question

According to human relations management _____.

answer

success depends on treating workers well

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Which of the following management theorists helped develop human relations management?

answer

Mary Parker Follett

question

According to Henri Fayol, _____ is deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom.

answer

organizing

question

According to bureaucratic management, employees should be hired on the basis of _____.

answer

educational background of an applicant

question

According to bureaucratic management, _____ should supervise the organization.

answer

Managers

question

According to bureaucratic management, which of the following is a criterion on which employees should be promoted?

answer

Experience or achievements

question

Which of the following does a Gantt chart visually indicate?

answer

The time in which each task should be completed for a project

question

One of the objectives of the motion study conducted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth was to:

answer

improve productivity of workers.

question

Prior to the introduction of _____, five workers each given an identical task could use five different methods to perform the task with some methods being significantly more efficient than others.

answer

scientific management

question

Which of the following is the goal of scientific management?

answer

To find the one best way to perform each task.

question

Scientific Management

answer

thoroughly studying and testing different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job

question

Soldiering

answer

when workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output

question

rate buster

answer

a group member whose work pace is significantly faster than the normal pace in his or her group

question

Motion Study

answer

breaking each task or job into its separate motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary or repetitive

question

Time study

answer

timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs

question

Gantt chart

answer

a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task

question

Bureaucracy

answer

the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

question

Domination

answer

an approach to dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party's desires and objectives

question

Compromise

answer

an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict

question

Integrative conflict resolution

answer

an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both

question

Organization

answer

a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people

question

System

answer

a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole

question

Subsystems

answer

smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system

question

Synergy

answer

when two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart

question

Closed Systems

answer

systems that can sustain themselves without interacting with their environments

question

Open Systems

answer

systems that can sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments, on which they depend for their survival

question

Contingency approach

answer

question

answer

visible artifacts

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful organizational cultures?

answer

Immutability

question

_____ is defined as a firm's purpose or reason for existing.

answer

Company mission

question

____ is a primary source of organizational culture.

answer

The Company's Founder

question

_____ is defined as searching the industry for important events or issues that might affect an organization.

answer

Environmental scanning

question

The term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture.

answer

internal environment

question

____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization.

answer

Organizational culture

question

_____ refers to the protocols and guidelines that govern the business practices and procedures of specific businesses, and professions.

answer

Industry regulation

question

_____ are groups of concerned citizens who band together to try to influence the business practices of specific industries, businesses, and professions.

answer

Advocacy groups

question

A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to _____.

answer

opportunistic behavior

question

Competitive analysis refers to:

answer

identifying companies that sell similar products.

question

Which of the following helps managers accurately analyze competition?

answer

Refraining from underestimating the potential of competitors

question

____ is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur.

answer

Reactive customer monitoring

question

_____refers to identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur.

answer

Proactive monitoring

question

A court ruling regarding the unfair firing of employees is a development in the _____ component of the general environment.

answer

political/legal

question

answer

the economy

question

Business confidence indices:

answer

show how sure actual managers are about future business growth.

question

_____ refers to the knowledge, tools, and methods used to transform inputs (raw materials, information, and so on) into outputs (products and services).

answer

Technology

question

Environmental uncertainty is most likely to be lowest when:

answer

environmental resource scarcity is low.

question

Which of the following is a part of the general environment of an organization?

answer

Technology trends and Political Trends

question

Which of the following is true about a company's specific environment?

answer

It is unique to a particular firm's industry.

question

Which of the following statements is true about environmental uncertainty?

answer

It is most likely to be high when environmental change is extensive.

question

_____ is the rate at which a company's general and specific environments alter.

answer

Environmental change

question

answer

punctuated equilibrium theory

question

Which of the following is a part of the general environment of an organization?

answer

Political Trends

question

A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.

answer

proactive

question

A company using a(n) _____ social responsiveness strategy will do less than society expects.

answer

reactive

question

A company using a(n) _____ strategy would admit responsibility for a problem but would do the least required to meet societal expectations.

answer

defensive

question

_____ pertain to the social roles that businesses play in society beyond their economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities.

answer

Discretionary responsibilities

question

_____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society.

answer

Economic

question

Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because _____.

answer

they can affect public perceptions and opinions

question

Under the stakeholder model, ____ would be an example of a stakeholder group that most strongly affects public perceptions and opinions about the company's socially responsible behavior.

answer

the media

question

Groups such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities are examples of _____ stakeholders.

answer

primary

question

A primary stakeholder of an organization would be _____.

answer

customers

question

According to the _____ model, the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profits.

answer

shareholder

question

In the context of corporate social responsibility, which of the following statements would Milton Friedman agree to?

answer

The time, money, and attention diverted to social causes undermine market efficiency.

question

Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called _____.

answer

stakeholders

question

The two general categories of stakeholders are _____ stakeholders.

answer

primary and secondary

question

Which of the following statements best defines social responsibility?

answer

It is a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society.

question

Which of the following is an important step in establishing an ethical climate in an organization?

answer

The top managers behaving ethically

question

The last step in the basic model of ethical decision making is to _____.

answer

act on the situation

question

All of the following are important factors in the creation of an ethical business climate EXCEPT ____.

answer

official approval of a company's ethics code by government regulators

question

During an ethical decision-making process, which of these questions must be asked in order to identify a problem?

answer

"What are the factors that make this an ethical problem?"

question

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ make decisions that conform to societal expectations.

answer

conventional level

question

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

answer

the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level

question

People at the _____ of moral development use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas.

answer

postconventional level

question

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ make decisions that are based on selfish reasons.

answer

preconventional level

question

Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____.

answer

individual commitment

question

Which of the following terms describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?

answer

Ethical intensity

question

Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

answer

When people believe their work environment is ethical, they are six times more likely to stay with that company.

Flashcards About Management Chapters 1-4

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