M.I.S. Chp 15 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
online analytical processing (OLAP)
answer
A method of querying and reporting that takes data from standard relational databases, calculates and summarizes the data, and then stores the data in a special database called a data cube.
question
data mart
answer
A database or databases focused on addressing the concerns of a specific problem (e.g., increasing customer retention, improving product quality) or business unit (e.g., marketing, engineering).
question
data cube
answer
A special database used to store data in OLAP reporting.
question
inventory turnover ratio
answer
The ratio of a company's annual sales to its inventory.
question
structured query language (SQL)
answer
A language used to create and manipulate databases.
question
loyalty card
answer
Systems that provide rewards and usage incentives, typically in exchange for a method that provides a more detailed tracking and recording of customer activity. In addition to enhancing data collection, loyalty cards can represent a significant switching cost.
question
dashboards
answer
A heads-up display of critical indicators that allow managers to get a graphical glance at key performance metrics.
question
legacy system
answer
Older information systems that are often incompatible with other systems, technologies, and ways of conducting business. Incompatible legacy systems can be a major roadblock to turning data into information, and they can inhibit firm agility, holding back operational and strategic initiatives.
question
Genetic algorithms
answer
Model building techniques where computers examine many potential solutions to a problem, iteratively modifying (mutating) various mathematical models, and comparing the mutated models to search for a best alternative.
question
data mining
answer
The process of using computers to identify hidden patterns in, and to build models from, large data sets.
question
omnichannel
answer
Providing customers with a unified experience across customer channels, which may include online, mobile, catalog, phone, and retail. Pricing, recommendations, and incentives should reflect a data-driven, accurate, single view of the customer.
question
neural networks
answer
An AI system that examines data and hunts down and exposes patterns, in order to build models to exploit findings.
question
information
answer
Data presented in a context so that it can answer a question or support decision making.
question
knowledge
answer
Insight derived from experience and expertise.
question
big data
answer
Big data is a general term used to describe the massive amount of data available to today's managers. Big data are often unstructured and are too big and costly to easily work through use of conventional databases, but new tools are making these massive datasets available for analysis and insight.
question
analytics
answer
A term describing the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions.
question
canned reports
answer
Reports that provide regular summaries of information in a predetermined format.
question
row or record
answer
A row in a database table. Records represent a single instance of whatever the table keeps track of (e.g., student, faculty, course title).
question
column or field
answer
A column in a database table. Columns represent each category of data contained in a record (e.g., first name, last name, ID number, date of birth).
question
Expert systems
answer
AI systems that leverage rules or examples to perform a task in a way that mimics applied human expertise.
question
table or file
answer
A list of data, arranged in columns (fields) and rows (records).
question
relational database
answer
The most common standard for expressing databases, whereby tables (files) are related based on common keys.
question
artificial intelligence
answer
Computer software that seeks to reproduce or mimic (perhaps with improvements) human thought, decision making, or brain functions.
question
e-discovery
answer
The process of identifying and retrieving relevant electronic information to support litigation efforts.
question
business intelligence (BI)
answer
A term combining aspects of reporting, data exploration and ad hoc queries, and sophisticated data modeling and analysis.
question
data warehouse
answer
A set of databases designed to support decision making in an organization.
question
transaction processing systems (TPS)
answer
Systems that record a transaction (some form of business-related exchange), such as a cash register sale, ATM withdrawal, or product return.
question
data
answer
Raw facts and figures.
question
database
answer
A single table or a collection of related tables.
question
transaction
answer
Some kind of business exchange.
question
machine learning
answer
Leverages massive amounts of data so that computers can act and improve on their own without additional programming.
question
database administrator (DBA)
answer
Job title focused on directing, performing, or overseeing activities associated with a database or set of databases. These may include (but not necessarily be limited to): database design, creation, implementation, maintenance, backup and recovery, policy setting and enforcement, and security.
question
data aggregators
answer
Firms that collect and resell data.
question
ad hoc reporting tools
answer
Tools that put users in control so that they can create custom reports on an as-needed basis by selecting fields, ranges, summary conditions, and other parameters.
question
over-engineer
answer
Build a model with so many variables that the solution arrived at might only work on the subset of data you've used to create it.
question
database management systems (DBMS)
answer
Sometimes called "database software"; software for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data.
question
RFID technology is often used to.
answer
identify products as they move through an organization's value chain
question
_____ is a term describing the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions.
answer
Analytics
question
___________________ refers to a type of artificial intelligence that leverages massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and predictions on their own without additional programming.
answer
Machine learning
question
_____ is a catchall term combining aspects of reporting, data exploration, and ad hoc queries, and sophisticated data modeling and analysis.
answer
Business intelligence
question
iBeacon technology works by using ___________ technology.
answer
Bluetooth Low Energy
question
Dynamic pricing is considered especially appropriate for retailers, such as grocery stores or department stores.
answer
false
question
Changing pricing based on demand conditions is known as.
answer
dynamic pricing
question
_____ is insight gained from experience and expertise
answer
Knowledge
question
A _____ is either a single table or a collection of related tables.
answer
database
question
you will often hear technologists refer to the SQL standard by pronouncing it as
answer
sequel
question
A phrases table, column, and row are also referred to by the names ___________ respectively.
answer
file, field, record
question
Which of the following is by far the most common standard for expressing databases?
answer
Relational databases
question
NoSQL technologies are often used with massive, disparately structured data.
answer
true
question
A system that records business-related exchanges, such as a cash register sale, ATM withdrawal, or product return is known as a(n) _____.
answer
transaction processing system
question
_____ are systems that provide rewards and usage incentives, typically in exchange for a method that provides a more detailed tracking and recording of customer activity.
answer
Loyalty programs
question
_____ systems are often used to empower employees to track and record data at nearly every point of customer contact
answer
Customer relationship management
question
Efforts such as Apple ResearchKit are promising, but we'll need improved regulation and reduced cost before they can have any real impact.
answer
false
question
Firms may turn to third parties and outside services to acquire data for predictive models.
answer
true
question
_____ are firms that collect and resell data.
answer
Data aggregators
question
The problem of incompatible legacy systems limiting firms' ability to turn data into information is compounded by:
answer
mergers and acquisitions.
question
Which of the following can be a major roadblock to turning data into information, and inhibits firm agility, holding back operational and strategic initiatives?
answer
Legacy systems
question
A set of databases designed to support decision making in an organization is known as a(n):
answer
data warehouse
question
A problem limiting the turning of data into information is that most transactional databases are not set up to be:
answer
simultaneously accessed for reporting and analysis.
question
A(n) _____ is a database or databases focused on addressing the concerns of a specific problem.
answer
data mart
question
Proven relational technology is considered especially effective for "Big Data" work.
answer
false
question
Which of the following is not considered an advantage of Hadoop?
answer
relational structure
question
the three "Vs" of Big Data refer to:
answer
volume, velocity, variety
question
Systems that can absorb any type of data, structured or not, from any type of source are often referred to as:
answer
Schema-less
question
Spotify's EchoNest subsidiary analyzes both tracks themselves, as well as what others are saying about music in order to build automated music recommendations.
answer
true
question
_____ refers to identifying and retrieving relevant electronic information to support litigation efforts.
answer
E-discovery
question
Data used in online analytical processing (OLAP) reporting are stored in _____.
answer
data cubes
question
_____ refers to a method of querying and reporting that takes data from standard relational databases, calculates and summarizes the data, and then stores the data in a special database.
answer
Online analytical processing
question
L.L. Bean's rollout of Big Data efforts for improved customer service involved all of the following:
answer
Creating NoSQL to adapt to a business with some 30 different customer engagement channels Training technical staff (Incorrect) Training marketing staff Reporting tools were made available to non-technical staff
question
An integrated shopping experience and unified customer view across channels is sometimes referred to as _______________.
answer
omnichannel
question
Google is consistently seen as a better source of flu outbreaks than the U.S. Center for Disease Control.
answer
false
question
_____ is computer software that seeks to reproduce or mimic human thought, decision making, or brain functions.
answer
Artificial intelligence software
question
Expert systems are used in tasks ranging from medical diagnoses to product configuration.
answer
true
question
A(n) ______ is a model building technique in which computers examine many potential solutions to a problem, iteratively modifying various mathematical models, and comparing the modified models to search for a best alternative.
answer
genetic algorithm
question
One career thought to be 'safe' from disruption by technology is journalist, since a computer could never write a newspaper article or a book.
answer
false
question
The ratio of a company's annual sales to its stock is known as the _____ ratio.
answer
inventory turnover
question
Walmart uses Hadoop to sift through social media posts about the firm
answer
true
question
Wal-Mart stopped sharing its data assets with information brokers like ACNielsen and Information resources because:
answer
due to Wal-Mart's huge scale, the agencies offered no extra value with their additional data.
