Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic System – Flashcards
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What is the lymphatic system?
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consists of cells, tissues, and organs
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What are circulating lymphocytes?
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The effector cell type of the lymphatic system essential in the immune response to harmful substances
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What are lymphatic tissues?
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sites where lymphocytes proliferate, differentiate and mature
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What are lymphatic vessels?
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connect parts of lyphatic system to the blood of vascular system
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The lymphatic system monitors
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the body surfaces and internal body compartments and reacts to the presence of potentially harmful substances
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What are the primary lymph organs?
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Thymus (T-cells) and Bone marrow (B-cells)
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How do lymphocytes travel?
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via the blood vessles and lymphatic vessels to secondary lymphoid organs and tissues
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Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues
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Diffuse lymphatic tissue (Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue= GALT) Lymphatic/Lymphoid nodules and tonsils Lymph nodes Spleen
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Th plasma cell is?
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Antibody producing and B cell derived
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Small size of lymphoid nodules?
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Primary lymphoid nodule: consist of small lymphocytes with no germinal center
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Macrophages are?
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Phagocytic cells derived from blood monocytes and antigen presenting cells
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Large Size of lymphoid nodules?
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Secondary lymphoid nodule: consists of small lymphocytes in the peripheral zone and large lymphocytes located in the center called the germinal center
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What is the germinal center?
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Morphological indication of lymphatic tissue response to antigen: lymphocytes activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B cells into antibody producing plasma cells
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Lymphocytes migrate from
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blood to tissues and contribute to diffuse lymphatic tissue or form aggregates called lymphoid nodules `
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B lymphocyte does what
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Neutralize of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation
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Helper T cell does what?
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Activation of macrophages, inflammation, activation (proliferation and differentiation) of T and B lymphocytes
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Regulatory T lymphocyte does what?
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Supression of immune response
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About what percent of lymphocytes (in blood and lymph) contribute to a circulation pool of immune cells?
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70%
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What is the main type of circulating lymphocytes?
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T-Cells
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Lymphocytes enter major lymphatic vessels on the right side of the body through?
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right lymphatic trunk
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Lymphocytes enter major lymphatic vessels on the left side of the body through?
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thoracic duct
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Afferent lymphatic vessels bring
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lymph to lymph node
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What is lymph?
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The remaining excess fluid
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In tissues, fluid and plasma from the blood circulation are exchanged to bring?
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nutrients to cells and eliminate the waste
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Lymph is an ultra- filtrate of the blood, rich in various?
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proteins, antigens, and lymphocytes and drains to lymph nodes
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Why do lymphs maintain a unidirectional flow?
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Due to the action of valves and smooth muscles on the walls of lymphatic vessels
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Lymph enters via the afferent lymphatic vessels, to subscapsular sinuses, precorlates through the tissue of lymph node and exits the
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efferent lymphatic vessel
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The inner cortex contains the
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T-cell zones
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Where does lymph travel and get filtrated?
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Compose of capsule, cortex, medulla, and sinuses ( subscapular, trabecular, and medullary)
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B-cells in lymphoid nodules are found in the
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outer cortex
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What cells are in lymphatic tissue?
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Reticular Cells (Collagen type III)
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How does lymphatic spread?
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biopsy of sentinel lymph nodes, vascular spread, transcoelomic spread (body cavities)
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What initially stops tumor spread regionally?
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Lymph Nodes
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What happens to tumor cells in the lymph nodes?
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Some are arrested and destroyed, other are drained in lymphatic drainage
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What is lymphangiogenesis and what happens prior to metastasis?
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formation of new lymphatic vessels, is induced prior to metastasis to next lymph nodes
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Growth of metastatic tumor cells inside lymph nodes leads to
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lymphatic dysfunction, rerouting of lymph flow and metastasis to next lymph nodes
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What is associated with lymph node metastasis?
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Increased lymphatic flow, dilation of collecting vessels
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What is Sentinel lymph nodes?
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first node to receive drainage from the tumor area
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Metastasizing cancer cells leaving the tumor are most likely to collect in the
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Sentinel lymph nodes
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Which way would PTC cancer cells enter the next lymph node during lymphatic spread if this patient was not treated promptly?
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Afferent lymphatic vessels
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Which of the following connective tissue or connective tissue element known to form mesh like network within the lymph nodes was most likely involved in the process of filtration and trapping of the PTC tumor cells allowing the immune system of this patient to target these cells?
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Reticular Fibers
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Which of the following is an area in the lymph node predominantly occupied by T-cells?
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Deep Cortex
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Which of the following statements is true about lymphoid nodule?
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found in lymph node
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Lymph drains from the lymph nodes via
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efferent lymphatics and joins the blood circulation
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Lymph Nodes contain lymphioid nodules mostly with
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B-Cells in outer and T cells in inner
