LSUA HIST 1003 Test 1 – Flashcards
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Christian Humanists confronted Church policy by insisting that all Christians:
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Read the bible.
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The wars of religion, including the Thirty Years War:
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Increasingly had to do less with religion than with the balance of power between states.
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The Council of Trent:
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Led to an aggressive and reformed Catholic Church.
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This person founded the Society of Jesus as one arm of the Catholic Reformation:
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Ignatius Loyola
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Which of the following was instrumental in the survival of Luthers reform in Germany?
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Luther's success in getting support of German princes.
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Social changes during reformation included:
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a focus on nuclear family.
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John Calvins reform emphasized which of the following?
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Predestination
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Which of the following best explains changes to European militaries during the Reformation Era?
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Militaries became more technological and more professional.
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Both Protestant and Catholic religious leaders relied on:
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The support of secular rulers.
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The Peace of Westphalia:
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Determined international disputes between European states would be about secular, not religious, issues.
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The adoption of mercantilism in the 17th century had what effect?
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strengthened the power of government over its peoples economic decisions
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Government Sponsorship of art resulted in what?
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increased influence of the state
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Social contract theory of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
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found secular "secular laws" regarding government and its people.
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Jacques Boussuet argued for:
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divine right absolute monarchy.
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Strong European states in the 17th century
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had to expand the size and scope of government in order to survive.
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The emergence of constitutional England
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required the English king compromise and cooperative Parliament.
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Louis XIV's absolutism?
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limited the nobles ability to oppose his rule.
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The 17th-century Dutch Republic was best characterized by its?
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commercial and banking dominance
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Thomas Hobbs created a secular argument for?
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absolutist government
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Which of the following characterized Baroque art and architecture?
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Elaborate and grandoise
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Science had its most significant impact in the 17th century in which field?
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Astronomy
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The enlightenment was characterized by a search for what?
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natrrual laws of humanity
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What made modern science different?
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observation plus mathematics
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Issac Newton signified the triumph of science with:
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universal principles based on mathematics
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The new science
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used science to advance technology
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Which of the following best describes "enlightened despots"?
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Rulers used enlightened ones to strengthen their country and their monarchy.
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The enlightened emphasized what kind of vision of humanity?
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progressive
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Enlightenment authors and their followers increasingly saw their society in terms of?
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natural rights
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The ideas of the enlightenment spread mostly by?
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printed materials
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The enlightenment's favorite target for reform criticism were?
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European state churches
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in what way did Napoleons conquest change Europe
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revolutionary ideas like Constitutions
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Louis XVI's role in the course of the french revolution was marked by
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indecision and ineffectiveness
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Napoleon's France was characterized by which of the following
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Social status marked by merit and value to the state
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The American Revolution and the creation of the United States had what impact on the ideas of reform?
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Demonstrated that reform can actually happen
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The call for elections to the Estates General resulted in
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a change in popular political consciousness
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The civil constitution of the clergy resulted in
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A split among French Catholics between supporters and opponents of the revolution
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the civil law code
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created a rational, secular basis for law that applied legal equality in principle
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the concordat of 1801
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resolved the split between France and the Catholic church
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the us declaration of independence and constitution contained
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language derived from enlightenment
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which of the following was characteristic of the Terror
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requiring public support for the war and the republic
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The Emergence of public opinion in France prior to 1789 has which effect?
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Showed that the French were willing to embrace reform of government
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the fall of bastille on july 14 1789
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demonstrated parisian support for revolution
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The great fear of 1789
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Encouraged and end to the feudal privileges of nobles and clergy
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the most important thing that led to the calling of estates general in 1789 was
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a financial disaster of government debt
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Which of the following was the site of a successful national revolution before 1848?
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Belgium
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Which of the following characterized the unification of both Italy and Germany?
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Both were accomplished by using war against neighboring states
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Which of the following is considered the architect of German unification?
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Otto Bismark
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Conservatism emphasized which of the following?
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Ordre and tradition
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The revolutions of 1848 demonstrated
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a failure of popular revolution
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Which of the following was connected with Romanticism?
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supported nationalism
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Which of the following was a major accomplishment of the Congress of Vienna
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Creation of the Concert of Europe
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Which of the following best characterized the philosophy of Wilhelm F. Hegel?
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History is driven by a Spirit of the Age, or Zeigesit
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Which of the following was characteristic of nationalism in the early 19th century?
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widespread throughout Europe
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Which of the following was a characteristic of early 19th Century Liberalism?
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demanded constitutional government
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Industrialization and mass production created what?
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mass consumption
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the emergence of mass culture
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accompanied mass consumption
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Which of the following best describes the social changes of the early 19th century?
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rapid urbanization
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Which of the following accompanied industrialization as a critical component?
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More food
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industrial science
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was directly related to the demands of industrialization
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Which of the following was characteristic of the industrial trades unions?
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a collective trades bargening
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which new category of workers were created as part of industrialization?
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white collar workers
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urbanization
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was a direct consequence of industrialization
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governments increasingly invested in industry because
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the state benefited from industrial production
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why was the development of corporations important to industrialization?
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allows for larger pools of capital investment
