Linguistics Study Guide – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Alveolar sounds
answer
sounds with the tongue tip at or near the alveolar ridge - i.e. tab, dab, sip
question
Palatal sounds
answer
sounds made with the tongue near the hard part of the roof of the mouth or the hard palate - i.e. sharp, chat, measure, judge
question
Velar consonants
answer
produced at the soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate (the velum) - i.e. kid, give
question
Glottal sounds
answer
produced at the larynx - i.e. history, high, uh-oh
question
Stops
answer
this is made by obstructing the airstream completely in the oral cavity.
question
Fricatives
answer
these sounds are made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract. (hissing mouth noise is called frication)
question
Affricates
answer
these sounds are made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced.
question
Nasals
answer
these sounds are produced by lowering the velum and thus opening the nasal passage to the vocal tract - i.e. [m], [n], etc.
question
Liquids
answer
involve substantial constriction of the vocal tract
question
Glides
answer
these are made with only a slight closure of the articulators
question
Phonetics
answer
the study of how speech sounds are produced, what their physical properties are, and how they are interpreted
question
Phonology
answer
the organization of speech sounds in a particular language
question
Non contrastive sounds
answer
sounds in which interchanging of aspiration does not change the meaning of the word
question
Contrastive sounds
answer
sounds in which interchanging of aspiration changes the meaning of the word
question
Phoneme
answer
a class of speech sounds that are judged by a native speaker to be the same sound
question
Allophone
answer
each member of a particular phoneme class
question
Assimilation
answer
causes a sound to become more like a neighboring sound with respect to some phonetic property
question
Palatalization
answer
a special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring sound - i.e. "did you eat"
question
Metathesis
answer
the changing of the order of sounds to make words easier to pronounce and understand
question
Strengthening (fortition)
answer
makes sounds stronger
question
Aspiration
answer
voiceless stopes become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable
question
Weakening (lenition)
answer
causes sounds to become weaker
question
Sibilant consonants
answer
words that end in sounds that have a high-pitched hissing sound quality
question
Mutual Intelligibility
answer
something that occurs when a speaker of one language variety can understand speakers of another language variety or vice versa
question
Prescriptive standard
answer
the standard by which we make judgments of "right" and "wrong"
question
Nonstandard dialect errors
answer
hisself and theirselves
question
Isogloss
answer
lines that mark the boundaries of areas where a particular linguistic form is used
question
Pidgin language
answer
a speech system that is formed to provide a means of communication between people who have no common language
