Lifespan Psych Test Questions – Flashcards
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The first step in the scientific method involves:
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posing a question.
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Traits, capacities, and limitations that we each receive from our biological parents are said to be a result of:
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nature.
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The theory of human development that views all aspects of development as interacting with one another is:
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dynamic-systems theory.
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Cohort refers to a group of people who:
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are born within a few years of one another.
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A meaning and information system, shared by a group and transmitted across generations, that allows them to meet their basic needs of survival is referred to as their:
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culture.
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In many cultures around the world, people believe that it is the husband's responsibility to earn the majority of the income for the family. This is an example of:
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a social construction.
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If a scientist wanted to use scientific observation to see how frequently schoolchildren share food at lunch, she could:
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watch the children from an unobtrusive spot in the school lunchroom.
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A researcher was interested in whether watching violence affected children's behaviors. To examine this, he showed a violent film to one group of preschoolers and a nonviolent film to a second group of preschoolers. Following the films, the behaviors of the two groups were compared. This study was:
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an experiment.
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To study change over time, researchers use which three basic research designs?
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cross-sectional, longitudinal, cross-sequential
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Which of the following is the most complex and beneficial way to study change over time?
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a cross-sequential design
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The more Hank eats, the less hungry he feels. The correlation that exists between his food intake and his hunger is:
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negative.
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Research data that is open-ended and not easily transferable to numbers is:
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qualitative.
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Psychoanalytic theory views intrinsic drives and motives as the foundation for:
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every aspect of thinking and behavior.
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Garland chews gum constantly. He gets anxious when he runs out of it. Freud would conclude that:
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He is harboring an unresolved conflict from the oral stage of development.
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Sixteen-year-old Janeece has just begun dating. She is beginning to realize that she has a lot more fun with her girlfriends than with her steady boyfriend. This is causing some concern for Janeece because she is afraid that she might be a lesbian. According to Erikson, what crisis is Janeece struggling to resolve?
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identity vs. role confusion
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Who helped initiate behaviorism by saying, "Let us limit ourselves to the things that can be observed . . ."?
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John B. Watson
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The researcher most associated with operant conditioning is:
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B. F. Skinner.
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Lori always yells at her 5-year-old son Jake when he won't get dressed for school. Although she has been yelling at him to get dressed nearly every day for months, he still does not comply when she asks him to get dressed. Operant conditioning would explain this by pointing out that:
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Lori's yelling is not working as a punishment.
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What did Harlow notice in his monkeys that led him to question psychoanalytic and learning theories?
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They showed a stronger attachment to their cloth mothers than to their bottles.
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According to Piaget, cognitive growth is promoted by a need for:
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equilibrium.
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Imagine you and your friend are having a discussion about politics. Your friend makes an argument that puts your views into disequilibrium. If you respond by believing that your friend is simply uninformed or dumb, Piaget would say that you are demonstrating:
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assimilation.
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What did Lev Vygotsky conclude from observing the behaviors of the diverse peoples of the former Soviet Union?
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People learn new behaviors by working with mentors.
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The concept of the zone of proximal development suggests that the parent or teacher:
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provide support as the child takes on new challenges.
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The fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is:
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respect and esteem.
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The process of selective adaptation continues over a period of:
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many generations.
