Learning Curves Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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Without awareness, we often use highly adaptive heuristics. This BEST illustrates the value of:
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intuition.
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Immediate and easy to understand feedback regarding your performance on a physics practice test is most likely to inhibit _____.
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overconfidence
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_____ are simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently.
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Heuristics
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Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This BEST illustrates their capacity to develop:
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concepts.
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When an issue is presented in a specific way that affects our judgment and decision-making, this is known as:
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framing.
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When we suddenly have the realization that we have solved a problem, it is called:
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an insight.
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According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting a person's point of view on a controversial issue, that person would tend to assume it is _____.
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correct
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The sudden realization that we have solved a problem, is called _____.
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insight
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To scare people, frame risks are presented as numbers, not _____.
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percentages
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The easier it is for a person to remember a circumstance in which a car battery failed to function, the more he expects such an event to recur. This BEST illustrates the impact of the _____.
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availability heuristic
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Amir systematically tried each successive key on his dad's key ring until he found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of _____.
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algorithm
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A person who can effectively identify the best possible answers to multiple-choice test questions is using _____.
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convergent thinking
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An effortless, immediate, and automatic thought or feeling is known as a(n) _____.
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intuition
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According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting a person's point of view on a controversial issue, that person would tend to:
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assume it is correct.
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When we estimate the likelihood of events based on the ease with which we retrieve them from memory, we presume such events are common. This is called a(n):
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availability heuristic.
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Fast, automatic, and unreasoned feeling and thought is known as _____.
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intuition
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There is a small group of people who still think that the Earth is flat despite the fact that they are often otherwise normal members of modern society. They are exhibiting _____.
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belief perseverance
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Ground beef that is described as "75 percent lean" seems much more appealing than beef that is "25 percent fat." This is an example of the _____ effect.
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framing
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Ape vocabularies and sentences are simple and most closely resemble those of a _____-year-old child.
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2
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By about the age of _____ months, a trained ear can identify the language of the household in a child's babbling.
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ten
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Broca's area is typically located in the left _____ lobe.
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frontal
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Noam Chomsky argues that children's readiness to learn language is a(n):
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predisposition.
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Studies show that for someone who has learned a skill, such as playing the cello, even _____ the activity will activate the brain's internal simulation of it.
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watching
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Academic performance on exams can be improved by visualizing effective studying. This type of imagery is called _____.
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process simulation
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_____ area is typically located in the left frontal lobe.
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Broca's
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Babies' first demonstration of productive language occurs during the _____ stage.
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one-word
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Some skeptical researchers note that claiming apes can learn language because they can sign words is like saying humans can fly because they can _____.
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jump
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The part of the left temporal lobe that is involved in understanding language is known as _____.
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Wernicke's area
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Many of the natural babbling sounds are _____ pairs formed by simply bunching the tongue in front of the mouth, such as da-da and na-na.
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consonant-vowel
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Two-year-old Miguel's sentences—"Dad come," "Mom laugh," and "Truck gone"—are examples of _____.
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telegraphic speech
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_____ is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas.
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Creative intelligence
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It is toward the end of your junior year, and you want to apply to medical school, but you must first take the MCAT as a requirement of your application. The MCAT is a(n) _____ test.
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aptitude
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Researchers over a long period of time compare people of different ages with one another. This best illustrates:
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longitudinal study
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The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by _____.
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Lewis Terman
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Aidan is a bright young man, who scored very high on both the critical reading and mathematics sections of the SAT. He is an excellent map reader and his reasoning abilities are fantastic. According to Spearman, one _____ (g) factor is likely underlying these abilities.
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general intelligence
