Leadership Ch. 13 Contingency Theories of Leadership – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Contingency - leadership
answer
Leadership is contingent upon interplay of all three aspects of the leader-follower-situation model. With exception of the contingency model, leaders are assumed to able to act in a flexible manner
question
Five Contingency Theories of Leadership
answer
• LMX - Leader-Member Exchange • Normans decision model • Situational leadership model • Contingency model - fiedlers •Pathical-goal theory - They specify that leaders should make their behaviors contingent on certain aspects of the followers or the situation. - All four theories implicitly assume that leaders can accurately assess key follower and situational factors.
question
LMX
answer
LMX - Leader-Member Exchange * Leadership relationships develop over time * Leaders do not treat all followers the same - "In group" - high quality exchange relationship that goes beyond what the job requires - "Out group" - low quality exchange limited to fulfilling contractual obligations
question
Normative Decision Model
answer
• LEVEL OF INPUT subordinates have in decision-making does vary substantially depending on the issue • VROOM and YETTON maintained that leaders could often Improve Group Performance by using an optimal amount of Participation in the decision making process *** The Normative Decision Model is directed solely at determining HOW MUCH INPUT subordinates should have in the decision making process
question
Normative Decision Model - Level of Participation
answer
- The Normative decision model was designed to improve some aspects of leadership effectiveness - Vroom and Yetton explored how various LEADER, FOLLOWER, and SITUATIONAL FACTORS affect the DEGREE of subordinates PARTICIPATION in the decision-making process, in turn, group performance. - A continuum of decision-making processes ranging from completely autocratic to completely democratic was discovered.
question
Decision Quality and Acceptance
answer
Vroom and Yetton, believed DECISION QUALITY and DECISION ACCEPTANCE were the two most important criteria for judging the SATISFACTION of a decision. DECISION QUALITY: means that if the decision has a "better or worse" alternative, the leader should select the better alternative. DECISION ACCEPTANCE: implies that followers accept the decision as if it were their own and do not merely comply with the decision. *** Part of Normative Decision Model
question
Concluding Thoughts about Normative Decision Model
answer
• No evidence to show that leaders using the model are more effective overall than leaders not using the model. • The model also: - Views decision making as taking place at a single point in time. - Assumes that leaders are equally skilled at using all five decision procedures. - Assumes that some of the prescriptions of the model may not be the best for the given situation.
question
The Situational leadership model:
answer
• Task behaviors: The extent to which the leader spells out the responsibilities of an individual group. Telling them what to do and how to do it. • Relationship behaviors: How much time the leader engages in two-way communication. Relationship behaviors include: - Listening, encouraging, facilitating - Clarifying, explaining why the task is important, giving support * The relative effectiveness of the two behavior dimensions often depend on the situation
question
Task Behaviors
answer
The extent to which the leader spells out the responsibilities of an individual group. Telling them what to do and how to do it. ** Part of situational leadership model
question
Relationship behaviors
answer
How much time the leader engages in two-way communication. Relationship behaviors include: - Listening, encouraging, facilitating - Clarifying, explaining why the task is important, giving support ** Part of situational leadership model
question
Follower Readiness
answer
A followers ability and willingness to accomplish a particular task • It is not a personal characteristic, but rather how ready an individual is to perform a particular task. - Readiness is not an assessment of an individuals personality, traits, values, age, etc. • Any given follower could be low on readiness to perform one task but high on readiness to perform a different task.
question
Prescriptions of the Situational Leadership ModelLeadership Model
answer
• While combining follower readiness levels with the four combinations of leader behaviors, four segments along a continuum emerge. - Along this continuum, however, the assessment of follower readiness can be fairly subjective. • A leader may like to see followers increase their level of readiness for particular tasks through implementation of a series of DEVELOPMENTAL INTERVENTIONS to help BOOST FOLLOWER READINESS levels.
question
Concluding Thoughts about the Situational Leadership Model
answer
• The only situational consideration is KNOWLEDGE OF THE TASK, and the only follower factor is READINESS. • Situational Leadership is usually appealing to students and practitioners because of its Commonsense approach as well as its ease of understanding. • It is a useful way to get leaders to think about how leadership effectiveness may depend somewhat on being FLEXIBLE with different subordinates.
question
The Contingency Model by who
answer
• Suggests that selecting the right kind of leader for a certain situation or changing the situation to fit the particular leader's style. • To understand the contingency theory, one must look first at the critical characteristics of the leader and then at the critical aspects of the situation. LPC - Least Preferred Coworker Fiedler's
question
Situational favorability:
answer
Amount of control the leader has over the followers. • The more control a leader has over followers, the more favorable the situation is, at least from a leader's perspective. • Three sub-elements in situation favorability: - Leader-member relations - Task structure - Position power
question
The Path-Goal Theory
answer
• The underlying mechanism of the path-goal theory deals with EXPECTANCY, a cognitive approach to understanding MOTIVATION where people calculate: - Effort-to-performance probabilities - Performance-to-outcome probabilities - Assigned valences or values to outcome • Path-goal theory uses the same basic assumptions as expectancy theory.
question
Path-Goal Theory continued
answer
• Leaders: - Leaders may use varying styles with different subordinates and differing styles with the same subordinates in different situations. • Followers: - Satisfaction of followers - Followers perception of their own abilities. • Situation: - Task - Formal authority system - Primary work group
question
4 Leader Behaviors of Path-Goal Theory
answer
Directive Leadership Supportive Leadership Participative Leadership Achievement-oriented Leadership
question
Directive Leadership behavior
answer
Include telling followers what they are expected to do, how to do it, when it is to be done, and how their work fits i with the work of others. Setting schedules, norms, and providing expectations that followers will establish procedure and regulations. Similar to task behaviors from SLT
question
Supportive Leadership behavior
answer
courteous, friendly interactions, express concern for follower well-being and individual needs, remain open and approachable to followers.
question
Participative Leadership behavior
answer
Participate in behaviors described by Vroom and Yetton. Share work problems with followers Solicit their suggestions, concerns, and recommendations
question
Achievement-oriented leadership behavior
answer
- Demanding and Supporting in interaction with followers - Set challenging goals for group and followers behavior - seek ways to improve performance and expect followers to always perform at their highest level - EXHIBIT high degree of ongoing confidence that subordinates can achieve the desired results and will assume even more responsibility in the future.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New