Latin, Dependent Clauses – Flashcards
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Temporal Clause
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Subordinators are postquam, ut, ubi, dum, donec, antiquam, priusquam.
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Causal Clause
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Subordinator is quoniam (since), quod/quia (because, apparently because, alledgedly because).
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Comparative Clause
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Subordinator is ut (as).
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Concessive Clause
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Subordinators are quamquam (although) or etsi (although).
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Conditional Clause
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Subordinators are si (if) or nisi (if...not, unless)
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Purpose Clause
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Subordinators are ut (positive) and ne (negative). The mood of the dependent verb is subjunctive. The main verb is indicative.
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Indirect Command
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Subordinators are ut (positive) and ne (negative). The mood of the dependent verb is subjunctive. Main verb is one of command or wanting.
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Relative Clause of Purpose
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Is a purpose clause introduced by a relative pronoun or adverb. States the specific use that is to be made of the antecedent.
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Relative Clause of Characteristic
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Is often introduced by a formulaic phrase (quis est qui, solus est qui, etc). May be introduced by the negative conjunction quin.
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Ablative Absolute
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Usually employs a circumstantial participle.
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Indirect Statement
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Is introduced by a verb of perception. Lacks a subordinating conjunction equivalent to the English "that". Has a subject in the accusative case. Has a verb in the infinitive case.
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Subordinate Clause in Indirect Statement
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Usually has a verb in the subjunctive.
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Indirect Question
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Are introduced by num, an, or any other interrogative word. Have verbs in the subjunctive.
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Doubting Clause
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Are preceded by a verb or other expression of doubting. Are introduced by num, an, or other interrogative word. Are introduced by quin when doubt is negated or virtually negated. Have verbs in the subjunctive.
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Temporal Cum Clause
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The mood of the verb is indicative. Translation of cum is "(at the time) when".
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Circumstantial Cum Clause
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The mood of the verb is either indicative or subjunctive. Translation of cum is "(under the circumstances) when".
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Causal Cum Clause
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The mood of the verb is subjunctive. Translation of cum is "since" or "because".
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Concessive Cum Clause
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The mood of the verb is subjunctive. Translation of cum is "although".
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Proviso Clause
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Subordinator is dum, modo, or dummodo (provided that). The mood of the dependent verb is subjunctive.
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Result Clause
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Is usually signaled by an adverb or adjective of degree in the main clause. Is introduced by ut.
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Relative Clause of Result
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Is a result clause introduced by a relative pronoun. May use quin to introduce a negative result.
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Substantive Ut Clause
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Is a noun clause introduced by ut.
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Fore ut Construction
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Has a noun clause introduced by ut that functions as the subject of fore or futurum esse.
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Fear Clause
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Is introduced by ut (that...not) or ne (that). Has a verb in the subjunctive.
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Prevention Clause
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Is introduced by certain verbs of hindering or preventing. Is introduced by quin or quiminus when the main clause is negated. Is introduced by ne or quominus when the main clause is not negated.
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Substantive quod Clause
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The subordinator is quod. The mood of the dependent verb is either indicative or subjunctive.
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Adjectival Relative Clause
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Subordinator is a relative pronoun. The mood of the dependent verb is indicative.
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Noun Relative Clause
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Subordinator is a relative pronoun. The mood of the dependent verb is indicative.
