Latin 2 Grammar Questions – Flashcards
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Give the three nominative singular endings for 2nd decl. masculine nouns.
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us, er, ir
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2nd decl. er nouns either ____or _____the e in the stem.
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drop or retain
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Some nouns have only plural forms. An example is ________.
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līberi liberorum
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Four confusing words with the root of liber are
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liberi liberorum children; liber libri, book; liber libera, liberum free; libero (1) to set free
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What kind of verbs have indirect objects? Give Latin examples.
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giving and telling; do, demonstro, nuntio, narro
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What are the two ways to show an indirect object in English?
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the preposition to; word order - the indirect object precedes the direct object
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In Latin the indirect object is in the ______case.
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dative
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What is sentence pattern #5?
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subject + verb + I.O. + D.O.
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Give an example of Sentence Pattern #5 in Latin.
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Maria Marco rosam dedit.
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Name the four complements you have learned.
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predicate nominative; predicate adjective; direct object; indirect object
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What are the two ways to show possession in English?
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preposition of and 's
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In Latin the possessive noun is the _____case.
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genitive
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Third declension nouns that have a genitive plural in ium are called_____.
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i-stems
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Give two indications a noun may be an i-stem and an example of each.
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(1) same number of syllables in a nominative and genitive -collis, collis or (2) stem ends in two consonants - pons, pontis
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What are the two types of adjectives in Latin?
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1st/2nd declension and 3rd declension
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Third declension adjectives are related to _______.
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i-stem nouns
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Define pronoun.
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A pronoun takes the place of a noun.
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How many kinds of pronouns are there? Name them in pairs.
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8: personal, possessive reflexive, intensive; interrogative, relative; demonstrative, indefinite
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What is an antecedent?
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An antecedent is the noun the pronoun takes the place of.
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Give the Latin word for we:_____ for us:________
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nos, nos
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How do you write cum with the 1st/2nd person pronouns?
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mecum, tecum, nobiscum, vobiscum
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The genitive of 1st and 2nd person pronouns is used for______expressions that do not show____________.
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of, possession
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To show possession in the 1st and 2nd person, use the possessive pronoun adjectives:
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meus, tuus, noster, vester
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The possessive pronoun adjectives function like adjectives or pronouns?__________
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adjectives
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Give the Adjective Agreement Rule._________________
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An adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case, but not declension.
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Give the Pronoun Agreement Rule._______________
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A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case is determined by its own clause.
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Define preposition.
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A preposition shows the relationship between its object and another word in the sentence.
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A prepositional phrase consists of the preposition and its___________.
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object (and modifiers)
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What English word adds an additional letter before words that begin with vowels?
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a
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What two Latin prepositions are similar to this word?
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a/ab e/ex
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Latin prepositions govern either the ________or______cases.
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ablative or accusative
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Prepositions that express motion forward generally take what case?
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accusative
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Prepositions that express location, no motion, or motion from, take what case?
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abl.
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Give two prepositions that can take either the ablative or the accusative case.
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in, sub
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The infinitive ending for 2nd conjugation verbs is _____; and for 3rd conjugation berbs is _____.
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ēre, ere
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The third conjugation does not have a stem with a consistent________.
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stem vowel
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In the 3rd conjugation you must chop to the ______ to find the present stem.
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root
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How can you remember the variable vowels in the 3rd conjugation present stem system?________________
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AE in future IOU in present
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Why is the 3rd conjugation an old maid?
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it has no bo's in its future
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The infinitive of the 4th conjugation is ____.
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ire
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Give the stem vowels for all four conjugations.
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1st - a 2nd - ē, 3rd - (none), 4th - i
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The present system of the 4th conjugation is essentially the same as the 3rd conjugation with the addition of _____.
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the stem vowel i
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3rd io verbs belong to the 3rd conjugations because their infinitive ends in ____.
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ere
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The present system of the 3rd io verbs looks exactly like___________.
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the present system of the 4th conjugation
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Define adverb.
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An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
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An adverb most commonly modifies a verb by answering the questions_______________.
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how, when, where, to what extent
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Many 1st/2nd declension adjectives can be changed in to adverbs be adding ___.
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ē
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How many 3rd declension adjectives can be changed in to adverbs by adding ___.
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iter
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Some adjectives use their _________ forms as adverbs. These forms end in either ___ or ___. Two examples are _______ and ______.
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neuter singular accusative, um or e. multum and fācile.
