Labor Relations Management Final – Flashcards with Answers

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question
According to the human resource management school, equity will be achieved only:
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If employers become responsive to employee needs.
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Under the Wagner Act of 1935, an employer has a legal obligation to do all of the following except:
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Make concessions in response to union demands during a bargaining session.
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In 1886, a Chicago rally to protest police repression of strikers turned violent when a bomb was thrown into the police ranks and police fired into the departing crowd. This incident is known as:
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The Haymarket Tragedy.
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The Wagner Act of 1935 is grounded in which of the following principle beliefs regarding conflict?
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Conflict between management and labor is inevitable and collective bargaining between equal partners is the preferred method for resolving disputes.
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In 1806, a group of Philadelphia shoemakers was convicted of ____________________ for joining together and refusing to work unless their terms were met.
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Illegal conspiracy
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When an employer allows supervisors to arbitrarily discipline employees without cause, it is most directly violating which objective of the employment relationship?
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Equity.
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The major strategy of the unions of the American Federation of Labor focused on
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Collective bargaining and the threat of strikes.
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Which of the following was formed first?
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Craft unions.
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To achieve gains for its members, the Knights of Labor focused primarily on
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Education and reforming capitalism.
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According to the industrial relations school, the best method to increase bargaining power of workers in their relationships with management is to:
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Support the formation of individual labor unions and collective bargaining.
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The first permanent union in the U.S. is attributed to the:
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shoemakers' industry.
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Which of the following unions is typically considered to be an uplift union?
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Knights of Labor.
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Which of the following unions is most accurately described as a revolutionary union?
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The Industrial Workers of the World.
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Referring to management, the saying "You get the union you deserve" best fits:
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The human resources perspective.
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At present, the gap between those employees who say they want unions and those that have union representation in the private sector at their workplace is about:
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30%
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Which of the following is not a goal of U.S. labor law?
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To ensure that property and individual rights are given precedence over labor's rights.
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Compared to other countries, the system of labor relations in the U.S. is
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Tightly regulated.
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The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was declared unconstitutional because:
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It granted presidents too much authority and control over codes of fair competition.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was passed to:
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Break up monopolies and trusts that had come to dominate entire industries toward the end of the 1800s.
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The saying, "the union makes us strong" best describes which school of thought:
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Industrial Relations.
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The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 explicitly states that unions are:
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None of the above.
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The Clayton Act of 1914 was significant because:
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It is the first legislation to give labor unions the right to exist.
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The crucial feature of collective bargaining is that management's traditional authority to unilaterally establish terms and conditions of employment is replaced by ____________________ negotiations.
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Bilateral
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In the mainstream school of thought, unions are:
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monopolies that restrict market competition.
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According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued by the United Nations, it is considered a basic human right for:
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Individuals to have the right to form and join trade unions for their own protection and the protection of others.
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The American Federation of Labor arose out of frustration with:
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The Knights of Labor's failure to address everyday working issues.
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The significance of the Railway Labor Act is that it:
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Set the stage for national legislation that protected workers rights to unionize and bargain collectively.
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According to the human resources school of thought, the labor problem stems from:
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Poor management.
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Regardless of the impact on productivity or efficiency, it is argued that industrial democracy is important to the U.S. because:
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A country cannot truly value the concept of democracy without supporting democratic principles in the workplace.
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In the United States, younger workers are:
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Significantly less likely to belong to a union than older workers.
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A group of employees decide to walk off the job together to protest unsafe working conditions. Which of the following is true?
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The employees' actions are legal because they are acting together to influence their working conditions.
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The National Labor Union was a distinctly different type of union from other unions because it worked toward:
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Creating a national labor political party.
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During the mid-1880's, which national labor union was at its peak in terms of power?
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Knights of Labor.
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According to the mainstream economics school of thought, market competition results in wages equal to:
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workers' marginal productivity (i.e., the value of their work).
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In the earliest years of our country's formation, work was characterized as:
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Self-employed farmers, shopkeepers and craftsman.
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Which of the following best summarizes the trends in U.S. union density since the 1980s?
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Increases in the public sector and decreases in the private sector.
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According to the industrial relations school, the role of the government and legislation should be to:
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Ensure that labor and management's relative power is balanced.
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The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 protected unionization by:
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Limiting the ability of courts to interfere in union organizing activities.
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The industrial relations school of thought rests on the assumption that labor market outcomes are determined by:
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The relative bargaining strength of parties to the employment relationship.
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A union contract is:
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A legally binding document that describes the terms of employment (e.g., wages hours, working conditions).
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The basis for the drive system that characterized management in the early 1900s was the core belief that:
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Labor was like any other factor of production and should be driven to attain maximum production for the least cost.
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Which of the following outcomes cannot generally be attributed to unions?
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Greater flexibility in work rules.
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The Railway Labor Act of 1926 applies to all of the following except:
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Workers in the trucking industry.
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In the 10 years following the passage of the Wagner Act of 1935, unionization levels:
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Increased dramatically.
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A yellow dog contract is
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A promise by a worker not to join or support a union.
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According to the human resources school of thought, labor unions are:
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a sign of unhealthy HR practices and problematic because they promote adversarial management-labor relationships.
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Which of the following is not seen as a precursor to the Great Uprising of 1877?
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Parades and protests for an 8 hour work day.
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Aside from their role in workplace governance, unions are important to the effective functioning of a democratic society because they:
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Provide a counter to excessive political power of employers and employer associations.
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The first federation of U.S. labor organizations representing unions from different occupations and industries was:
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The National Labor Union.
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Union density in the United States is currently estimated at ____________________.
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Less than 15 percent
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According to the critical industrial relations perspective, the answer to "the labor problem" is:
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Social unrest and agitation that will lead to worker control.
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In the critical industrial relations school, the primary aim of labor unions should be to?
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Do nothing; there is no useful role for unions in the critical industrial relations school.
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Which of the following statements is true:
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Common law is a body of laws based on customs, traditions, and judicial precedent rather than on legislative statute.
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Most countries base their industrial relations system on the perspective that:
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There should be balance between worker and employer rights.
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When an employer adopts an employee participation program, such as a workplace safety committee, it is most directly addressing which objective of the employment relationship?
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Voice.
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Which statement best describes the significance of the 1842 court case, Commonwealth vs. Hunt?
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It declared that unions were not necessarily unlawful conspiracies.
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The first national labor unions began to develop in the 1850s, due in part to:
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The advent of the rail industry which made it easier for union leaders to travel to various organizing points.
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The significance of the Haymarket Square Riot, starting with the battle between strikers and their replacements at McCormick Reaper Works was:
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It weakened the Knights of Labor even though the union had encouraged workers not to strike.
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Which of the following is not true about the decline in demand for unions in the U.S.?
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It can be largely attributed to the fact that individuals who experience union representation are unhappy with it and decide they do not want it.
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News and other media portrayals of unions and union workers tend to:
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Reinforce stereotypes of unions made up of greedy and lazy workers that engage in frequent and violent strikes.
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The Employee Free Choice Act would address all of the following except:
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Employee dissatisfaction with union representation.
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Most U.S. unions are formed through:
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Secret ballot elections.
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The contract bar doctrine:
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Prohibits a decertification election from being held during the life of an existing contract.
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A unilateral change as it pertains to bad faith bargaining occurs when:
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An employer changes wages, benefits or other terms of employment without first bargaining with the union.
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Which of the following is most likely to be considered an example of surface bargaining?
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An employer uses delay tactics such as scheduling conflicts, withdrawing items that were already settled, and delaying the release of information important to negotiations.
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When the Teamsters Union, which had traditionally represented truck drivers, and other employees in the transportation industry, began to organize police and firefighters, it could be considered a:
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An opportunistic campaign.
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A person's broad image of unions as either "good" or "bad" institutions in society are called:
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General beliefs about unions.
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The NLRB's responsibility to distinguish between issues that are mandatory, permissive and illegal bargaining items is called:
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The Borg-Warner doctrine.
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When it comes to strikes, most public sector workers are:
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Prohibited from striking.
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Which of the following is not a part of the time line of the bargaining (negotiation) process?
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Rights arbitration in case of impasse.
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When it comes to union democracy, the Landrum-Griffin Act (1959) mandates all of the following except:
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The number of terms a union official can serve.
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The ________________________ model of representation views unions as institutions of worker participation, empowerment, and mobilization.
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Organizing
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A type of unionism that is well-suited to individuals that identify more with their occupation than they do with a particular company or industry is:
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Craft unionism.
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A union is said to have strong strike leverage when:
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Conditions are such that a strike would be costly to the employer.
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In negotiations, once both parties have presented their initial proposals, it is common for them to start bargaining with the:
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Easiest issues first.
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After 3 years of union representation, employees at Stellar Snowboard Manufacturing company decide that they wish to end their relationship with the union. The employees must:
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File a petition for decertification election.
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Job control unionism, which has dominated U.S. unions since WWII, is characterized by all of the following except:
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Informal grievance procedures.
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In 2005, seven of the country's largest unions left the AFL-CIO to form a new federation of unions called:
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Change to Win.
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If a union gathers signed authorization cards from more than ____________________ percent of the employees, it can ask the employer to recognize the union as the bargaining agent of the employees.
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50
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Which of the following is a legal bargaining item?
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Union representation on the board of directors.
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A union organizing tactic in which paid union organizers attempt to get hired by a company is known as:
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Salting.
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When estimating the cost of a contract proposal, which of the following is not likely to be an important consideration?
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Opinions of union members.
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Which of the following is not an example of bad faith bargaining?
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Bilateral bargaining.
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In the ____________________ model of representation, a union is like an insurance company, where workers pay dues and are in turn protected against bad times.
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Servicing
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A local union may represent:
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All of the above.
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The appropriate bargaining unit defines:
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Which occupations and locations of a particular employer will be included in the representation election.
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Which of the following is not a form of bad faith bargaining:
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Forcing tactics.
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The process of producing a legally binding, written contract that specifies wages, benefits, layoff policies, grievance procedures, etc. is called:
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Collective bargaining.
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In deciding whether to vote "yes" in the union election, Joan is not particularly interested in becoming a union member but strongly believes that the union will improve the wages and working conditions at her company. Joan is likely to vote "yes" in the election because her level of __________________ is high
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Union instrumentality
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Most of the union organizing, negotiating, and grievance handling is done by ____________________.
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local and national unions
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Labor negotiations are like a theatrical play in all of the following ways except:
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What happens "on stage" at the bargaining table has no real effect on the relationship between union and management.
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60 days before contract negotiations are set to begin, the parties provide the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service:
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Notice of intent to bargain.
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Bargaining power can best be described as:
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The ability to secure another's agreement on your own terms.
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Which of the following is not consistent with a model employee empowerment unionism:
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Stronger authority for union representatives.
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On a cold winter day, a group of employees decides that the temperature in their manufacturing plant is unbearably cold. Together, the employees approach their employer and request that the heat be turned up. The employer:
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May refuse the employees' request.
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Arguably, the most important determinant of a bargaining unit is:
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Community of interests.
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An employer fires an employee who attempted to organize a union. The NLRB finds the employer guilty of violating the NLRA. The most likely penalties include all of the following except:
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Punitive damages.
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In a union organizing campaign and election, the appropriate bargaining unit is defined by:
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The NLRB.
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A model of unionism which adopts a scope of representation confined to the workplace but which encourages active participation by union members is:
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Employee empowerment unionism.
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Which of the following groups typically has the highest union density rate?
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African American workers.
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Within a typical union structure, the greatest power and authority lies with:
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National unions.
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Which of the following is not information that the employer must provide unconditionally to the union upon request?
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Corporate financial information.
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Which state is most likely to have a low union density rate:
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Georgia.
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When an employer prohibits outside organizations from entering the workplace and interacting with workers, it is called ____________________.
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A no solicitation rule
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Today most U.S. unions have a membership that consists of workers:
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From diverse occupations or industries.
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U.S. public policy sees striking as:
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An economic activity to secure better working conditions.
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What percentage of union contracts specify that employees can only be disciplined or discharged for just cause?
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Over 90%.
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Just cause discipline and discharge, seniority rights, compensation, and grievance procedures are all examples of ____________________ granted in contracts.
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employee rights
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Which of the following is a strike not protected under the NLRA?
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jurisdiction
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The 4 major components of traditional U.S. union contracts include:
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All of the above.
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After a lengthy negotiation involving a series of contract changes agreed to by management and the union, General Soft Drinks refused to make any further changes to the contract even though the union was ready to strike. The parties are:
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at a bargaining impasse.
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When employees strike to force an employer to accept a union as their bargaining agent, it is called a ____________________ strike.
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recognition
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The right of workers to pay only the amount of dues that goes toward collective bargaining and contract administration is called:
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Beck rights.
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In an economic strike, workers refuse to work until:
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The employer meets their demands for conditions of employment.
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During a strike over a contract dispute, strikers vandalized the company's signage with spray paint. Picket line misconduct such as this can result in:
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All of the above.
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Beck rights allow union workers to pay only that portion of union dues that goes to:
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Contract negotiations and administration.
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Which of the following is true with respect to strike activity in the U.S.?
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It has declined sharply since the 1980's.
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In return for management's agreement to arbitrate disputes in the workplace, the union generally waives:
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The right to strike.
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Union contracts tend to clearly assign job responsibilities to various jobs so as to prevent all of the following except:
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Union workers from shirking their responsibilities.
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Billings Paper Co. recently sold their Green Bay, WI plant to a larger company. The union contract specified that any new owner would need to recognize and bargain with the existing union at Billings. This contract provision is called a:
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Successorship clause.
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When employees protest working conditions by following the employer's rules "to the letter", they are said to be engaged in a:
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Work to rule campaign.
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A union recognition clause:
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A and b only.
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In the public sector where striking is often illegal, a(n) ____________________ often triggers a mandatory dispute resolution mechanism such as mediation, arbitration, or fact-finding.
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bargaining impasse
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Collective bargaining agreements are enforceable in federal court under:
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The Taft-Hartley Act.
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The purpose of a management rights clause is to ensure that management:
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Maintains decision-making authority over traditional management functions.
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Lockouts are considered illegal if:
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They are deemed by the NLRB to be an attempt to destroy the union.
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Bargaining in good faith to an impasse:
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Fulfills each side's bargaining obligation.
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A typical union contract will specify all of the following except:
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How union stewards will be selected.
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During the 1984 negotiations between General Motors Canada and the UAW, there was a spontaneous work stoppage at the Ottawa plant before the authorized strike date. This is an:
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A wild cat strike.
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Which of the following statements is true?
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The number of grievances that reach the final state of arbitration is very small.
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Which of the following statements is true about recognition strikes?
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In a recognition strike, picketing is allowed for only the first 30 days.
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Employees covered by a just cause clause have the right to insist that there be valid, ____________________ reasons for being disciplined or fired.
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job-related
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A strike is fundamentally:
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An expression of protest and dissatisfaction.
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Interpreting, applying and resolving conflicts that arise under a union contract is called:
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Contract administration.
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The actual proportion of total work days that are lost due to strikes is:
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Less than .01 of 1%.
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Once a union contract is in place, ____________________ are disagreements over whether someone has been treated appropriately given the contract provisions in place.
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rights disputes
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Most grievances are settled:
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By management and the union in the early stages of the grievance procedure.
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A ____________________ is an employer-initiated rather than worker-initiated work stoppage during a bargaining impasse.
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lockout
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Oshkosh Corporation is a large manufacturer of military vehicles used in Afghanistan. If Oshkosh Corporation workers went out on strike and the President believed that this strike presented a significant threat to the nation's safety, he could do all of the following except:
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Discharge the strikers and replace them with new workers.
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Boycotts, work slowdowns, and corporate campaigns have increased since the 1980s because:
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Strikes are no longer a viable option for many workers because of the employer's use of permanent strike replacements.
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An employee who wants to work instead of strike has the legal right to:
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Cross any picket line and/or resign from the union.
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By withholding their labor, strikers seek to increase the employer's cost of disagreeing with them by depriving the employer of:
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Profits.
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Which of the following union security clauses requires an employee to become a union member before they are hired:
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Closed shop.
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The typical collective bargaining agreement covers a(n) _________________ period.
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3 year
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Union contracts frequently specify ____________________ that management must fulfill.
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all of the above
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Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers, businesses and the U.S. economy.
answer
True
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In section 1 it states that the policy of the United States is to encourage ... the practice and procedure of collective bargaining and by protecting the exercise by workers of full freedom of association, self- organization, and designation of representatives of their own choosing, for the purpose of negotiating the terms and conditions of their employment or other mutual aid or protection.
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True
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Section 3 of the NLRA creates which of the following?
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The National Labor Relations Board
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Section 7 of the NLRA covers what?
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Rights Of Employees
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Section 8 of the NLRA covers what?
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Unfair Labor Practices
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Section 9 of the NLRA covers what?
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Representatives And Elections
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Who appoints the members of the National Labor Relations Board?
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The President of the United States by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
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Are Railway employees covered under the NLRA?
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No
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Where are "Unfair Labor Practices" defined
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Section 8 of the NLRA
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The National Labor Relations Act covers all persons who are employees.
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False
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What year was the NLRA first enacted?
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1935
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The National Labor Relations Board only takes action against companies that Violates its rules.
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False
question
This quiz is to help me become familiar with what.
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NLRA
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Employees with Religious Convictions cannot be required to join a Union but must Pay union dues.
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False
question
What was the name of the Movie shown in class on 2-19 and 2-21?
answer
Norma Ray
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Was this Movie based on a true story?
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YES
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What state is the J.P. Stevens plant located?
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N. Carolina
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Was the star married to the Labor Organizer?
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NO
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Union Organizers Home Location
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New York City, NY
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What was the religion of the Union Organizer?
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Jewish
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In the movie was the organizer married?
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NO
question
In the movie did the main Actor That worked in the plant get fired?
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YES
question
In real life did the company employee that was portrayed really get fired?"
answer
YES
question
In the movie how many times had Norma been married?
answer
2
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