kins 2504 final chapter 12 – Flashcards
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To grow, a malignant tumor needs ________ and ________.
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oxygen and nutrients
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Carcinomas include which of the following cancers?
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breast
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Which of the following statements about sarcomas is true?
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sarcomas grow faster than carcinomas
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The two main types of lymphomas are ________ and ________.
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hodgkin; non-hodgkin
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Leukemia occurs in the
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bone marrow
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Leukemia is characterized by an increase in
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white blood cells
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Which of the following is an internal factor that causes cancer?
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immunological conditions
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Cancer is localized and often treatable when it is in
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stage 1
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Smoking causes ________% of all lung cancer deaths.
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87
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A doctor who specializes in cancer treatment is known as
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oncologist
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Most skin cancer deaths are caused by
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malignant melanomas
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Which of the following statements regarding melanoma is true?
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melanoma is difficult to treat once it spreads
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A person with which eye color has the lowest risk of skin cancer?
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brown
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Which factor decreases a person's risk for skin cancer?
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using sunscreen with an sfp of 30
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Basal and squamous cell cancers are most likely to appear as which of the following?
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a warty bump on face
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A non-cancerous mole is
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symmetrical
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ue is a 40-year-old female who smokes, frequently uses tanning beds, and drinks 2-3 alcoholic beverages daily. Which of the following statements best indicates her cancer risks
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breast, lung, and skin cancer
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The oncogenes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with increased risks for ________ cancer.
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breast
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Excessive alcohol consumption can increase a woman's risk of ________ cancer.
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breast
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Which of the following factors has most significantly decreased lung cancer rates in men in recent years?
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decreased rates of smoking
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Which controversial factor may actually lower a woman's risk for ovarian cancer but has also been implicated in increasing the risk of breast cancer?
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using oral contraceptives
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The Pap test is the most effective way to detect early stage ________ cancer.
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cervical
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Uterine cancer usually occurs in the
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endometrium
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Prostate cancer is most common for males in which of the following age groups?
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over 50
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Which of the following statements regarding prostate cancer is true?
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low back pain can be a symptom of prostate cancer
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______ cancer is most common for males between the ages of 20 and 34.
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testicular
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A factor that lowers the risk for colon cancer and rectal cancer is
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diet high in fiber
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A polyp is a
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benign growth in the colon or rectum
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A factor that lowers the risk for pancreatic cancer is
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being female
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Obesity increases the risk of
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colon cancer
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Relative risk is a measure of a person's probability of developing cancer
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while engaging in a known risk behavior
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A potential warning sign of cancer includes
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change in bladder or bowel habits
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Hepatitis, which can be transmitted through use of contaminated intravenous (IV) needles, can increase the risk of ________ cancer.
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liver
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Which of the following food additives is most associated with an increased risk for cancer?
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sodium nitrate
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Stress can increase the risk of cancer primarily by
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weakening immunity
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A woman's risk for breast cancer is decreased by
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early menopause
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Ultraviolet (UV) rays are considered
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carcinogenic
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Cervical cancer is predominantly caused by
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HPV
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Radiation exposure that causes cancer can come from
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sunlight
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Which factor is most likely to increase the risk for lung cancer?
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working in a uranium mine
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Which racial group has the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world?
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african americans
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A primary disadvantage of treating cancer with radiation is
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it also destroys some healthy cells
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New approaches to treating cancer focus on
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reating cancer as a genetic disease caused by a mutation.
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Which form of cancer treatment uses targeted beams of ionizing energy to destroy malignant cells?
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radiation
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Which treatment for cancer is most likely to cause nausea, as a result of damage to rapidly dividing digestive-tract cells?
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chemotherapy
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Which cancer treatment might be used to allow a patient's bone marrow to withstand stronger doses of chemotherapeutic drugs?
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gene therapy
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