JRL 101: Chapters 4, 5, 6
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Name five examples of consumer magazines
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+ Reader's Digest + People Mag + Time Mag + National Geographic + Playboy
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What did Gutenberg invent, and how did it contribute to the history of mass media?
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+ metalworker living in Mainz, Germany + became first European to develop movable type / the first practical printing press + typemold: enabled printers to make multiple, identical copies of a single letter without hand-carving each
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Name one of the largest publishers in the United States
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+Random House was the largest publisher of trade books in 2013, and was fifth largest overall (its position also unchanged from 2012).
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How did New York Times response to the massive success of the Harry Potter novels?
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+ created a whole new bestseller list for just Children's books
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What is the primary function of a book publisher?
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+ to buy manuscripts from authors and turn them into books
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What magazine was considered the first truly national magazine with a large circulation published in the United States?
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+ The Saturday Evening Post ~first published in 1821 became first national medium ~contained essays, poetry, obituaries , and a column called "Ladies' Friend" ~first truly national medium
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Who was considered a pioneer in photojournalism because of his/her photos of the Civil War?
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+ photographer Mathew Brady + photographed Civil War beginning to end + photographs were published documents of history
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muckraking journalism
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+ Progressive investigative journalists typically publishing in magazines in the early years of the twentieth century
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Postal Act of 1879 & its function
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+ allowed periodicals to be mailed across the nation easily and inexpensively + contributed to the growth of magazines
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What is the definition of a trade magazine
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+ business to business magazines + magazines published for people who work in a particular industry or business + tend to be smaller, less colorful, and more specialized than consumer magazines
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What is considered the earliest form of writing?
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+ pictograph -->consisted of pictures of objects painted on rock walls + then came the ideograph (an abstract symbol that stands for an object or an idea / more formalized)
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Phonography
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+ system of writing in which symbols stand for spoken sounds rather than for objects or ideas
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Which country invented printing and when?
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+ invented in China + towards the end of the second century + images were carved into blocks of wood, which were inked and placed on sheets of paper, thereby reproducing the image
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How many years did it take for the first edition of Oxford English Dictionary to be produced?
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+ it takes a long long time to write the OED + approx. 120 years just to type it all out
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Types of Magazines
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+ consumer magazines + trade magazines + literary magazines
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Literary Magazines
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+ publications that focus on serious essays and short fiction
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Synergy
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+ Magazines, models, and sponsors work together to match ads with stories about models and the products they endorse
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What person was an important newspaper, magazine and book publisher in colonial and revolutionary America?
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Benjamin Franklin +created first circulating library +wrote Poor Richard's Almanac +did printing and publishing of magazines and manuscripts
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Lizzie Miller
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+ plus-size model in Glamour magazine (size 12-14)
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Maxim Magazine
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+ 1993 + "Lad" mag feat. sex, sports, and humor + meeting the needs of the "inner guy"
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What are four examples of literary and commentary magazines?
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+ Atlantic + Harper's + Nation + New Republic
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What are FBL magazines?
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+ fashion/beauty/lifestyle magazines are read by about 40 million women every month (fashion books) + Harper's Bazaar/Glamour/ Vogue/Cosmopolitan + focus on clothes and style and less on lifestyle (Vogue)
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Who was the target of a major investigative journalism series written by Ida M. Tarbell for McClure magazine in the early 1900s?
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+ Standard Oil: wrote to promote and showcase achievements of industry (bribes, fraud and violence) + insurance industry / railroads and urban problems
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What tactics did New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer use primarily to get to their readers?
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+ used illustrations, comic strips, and color Sunday comics
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Why did Joseph Pulitzer want his paper, the New York World, to appeal to women specifically?
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+ published women's pages and romantic fiction + because he had a difficult time balancing interests of women against those of men + he didn't want to offend working class make readers by making the paper too feminist but he couldn't ignore the independent women who were now reading paper (women were primary purchasers of household items
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The Review
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+ commonly considered first magazine + written by Daniel Defoe 1704
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When talking about news value, what is proximity?
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+ an auto accident in your town in which two people are injured is more likely to make it into the paper than an auto accident 300 miles away in which two people are killed
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What about timeliness?
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+ an earthquake that happened last night is more noteworthy than one that happened two months ago
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What about human interest?
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+ events that touch out hearts, such as the birth of octuplets, often make the news
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What about Rarity?
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+ the birth of an albino tiger is news
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What about Consequence?
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+ a $50 billion tax cut is more newsworthy than a $5,000 one
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What about Prominence?
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+ when two movie stars have lunch together, it's news. When you have lunch with your mother, it's not
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Why were Anne Leibovitz's photos of actress Lena Dunham for Vogue magazine considered controversial?
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+ Photoshop + Dunham's figure is unconventional by Hollywood characteristics + posed for Leibovitz and her neck and head and checks were altered and she was photoshopped onto a street in Brooklyn + "A fashion magazine is like a beautiful fantasy. Vogue isn't the place to go to look at realistic women"
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What have Dove's Campaign for real beauty been credited for?
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+ ad campaign featuring attractive women of a variety of sizes posing in their underwear for photographer, Annie Leibovitz + opened up dialogue about size, beauty, and magazine content + "we are going to see more images of realistic women on mag. covers"
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What are Dick Stolley's rules for magazine covers?
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+ Young is better than old + Pretty is better than ugly + Rich is better than poor + Music is better than movies + Movies are better than television + Nothing is better than a dead celebrity
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Why are magazine editors often unwilling to put minorities on their covers?
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+ the fear of losing sales can make editors reluctant + Teen Vogue > Maxim + covers w/ white models sell better (Sports Illustrated) + Multiracial music business magazines/ 'O'prah/Michelle Obama
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Which big companies does Jeff Bezos own (has majority ownership in)?
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+ Amazon.com, Inc., Blue Origin, Amazon China, Bezos Expeditions + Washington Post, Dallas Morning News, Honolulu Star-Advisor, Minneapolis Star-Tribune + Amazon Prime and Spotify
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What paper is regarded as the first newspaper in the North American colonies?
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+ 1690: Publick Occurrences: First paper published in American colonies + Colonial newspapers subject to British censorship
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What paper was published by Benjamin Franklin?
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+ 1721: New England Courant
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Which newspaper was responsible for breaking the Watergate story in 1972?
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+ Washington Post (1970s) + inspired a generation of young journalists + Watergate (the subsequent cover-up, and downfall of Pres. Nixon) + story transformed the Post from a big-city paper to one with a national reputation + Bob Woodward & Carl Bernstein
