Italian Final Exam – Flashcards
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Masculine nouns end in?
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o
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Feminine nouns end in?
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a
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What if nouns end in e?
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They can be both feminine or masculine (so memorize)
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What are the masculine nouns ending in e?
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Studente, ristorante, caffe
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What are the feminine nouns ending in e?
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Automobile note, lezione, stazione, situazione
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What are nouns ending in constants?
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Foreign origin and usually masculine
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How do you make a masculine noun ending in o plural?
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The "o" turns into an "i"
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How do you make a feminine noun ending in "a" plural?
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The "a" turns into a "e"
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How do you make a noun ending in "e" plural?
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The "e" turns into an "i"
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How do you make a noun ending in "ca" plural?
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The "ca" becomes "che"
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How do you make a noun ending in "ga" plural?
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The "ga" becomes ghe
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How do you make a noun ending in "go" plural?
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The "go" becomes "ghi"
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How do you make a noun ending with an accented vowel or consonant plural? (Example: Un Caffe or un film)
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Stays the same
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When is Un used?
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Un is used for most masculine nouns
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When is Uno used?
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Uno is used for masculine nouns beginning with z or s + consonant
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When is Una used?
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Una is used with feminine nouns beginning with any consonant
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When is Un' used?
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Un' is used before feminine nouns beginning with vowels
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When is Boun used?
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Boun is used for most masculine nouns
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When is Bouno used?
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Bouno is ued for mascuiline nouns starting with z or s + consonant
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When is Buona used?
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Buona is used for feminine nouns starting with a consonant
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When is buon' used?
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Buon' is used for feminine nouns starting with a vowel
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What is the conjugation of Avere and what does it mean?
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(io) ho - I have (tu) hai - you have (informal) (Lei) ha - you have (formal) (lui/lei) ha - he/she has (noi) abbiamo - we have (voi) avete - you have (Loro) hanno - you have (formal) (loro) hanno - they have
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How do you make a negative sentence (Example, Mario doesn't have money)
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You add 'non' before the verb (Example, Mario non ha soldi)
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When is Il, Lo, and L' used?
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Il is used before masculine nouns beginning with most consonants Lo is used before masculine nouns beginning with s + consonant or z L' is used before masculine nouns beginning with a vowel
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When is La and L' used?
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La is used before feminine nouns beginning with any consonant L' is used before feminine nouns beginning with a vowel
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When is i, gli used?
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i is used before masculine plural nouns beginning with most consonants gli is used before masculine plural nouns beginning with a s + consonant + z and beginning with a vowel
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When is le used?
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le is used before feminine plural nouns beginning with any vowels or consonants
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When is bel, bello, and bell' used?
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Bel is used for most masculine nouns Bello is used for masculine nouns beginning with z, s, + consonants Bell' is used for masculine nouns starting with a vowel
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When is Bella and Bell' used?
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Bella is used for feminine nouns beginning with any consonant Bell' is used before feminine nouns beginning with vowels
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When is Bei, begli used?
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Bei is used for most plural masculine nouns Begli is used for plural masculine nouns beginning with z or s + consonant or vowels
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When is Belle used?
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Belle is used with plural feminine nouns beginning with any consonant, or vowels
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Conjugate Essere and what does it mean?
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Essere - to be (io) sono - I am (tu) sei - you are (informal) (Lei) è - you are (formal) (lui/lei) è - he/she is (noi) siamo - we are (voi) siete - you are (informal) (Loro) sono - you are (formal) (loro) sono - they are
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When do you use Molto, Molti, Molta, Molte?
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Molto is masculine singular Molti is masculine plural Molta is feminine singular Molte is feminine plural
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When do you use Alto, Alti, Alta, Alte?
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Alto is masculine singular Alti is masculine plural Alta is feminine singular Alte is feminine plural
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Nouns with stressed 'I' ending in io become what when plural? (Example, Zio)
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The 'o' is dropped and an I is added (Example, Zio - Zii)
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Nouns with unstressed 'I' ending in io become what when plural? (Example, negozio)
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The 'o' is dropped (Example, Negozio - negozi)
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What happens to nouns ending in 'ia' when they become plural (Example, figlia)
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The 'a' is dropped and an 'e' is added (Example, figlia - figlie)
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What happens to nouns ending in 'ia' where the 'i' is unstressed? (Example, Mancia)
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After c,g, and sc, the I is dropped (Example, Mance)
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What happens when a noun has stress preceding 'co'? (Example, bianco)
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The 'o' is dropped and 'hi' is added (Example, bianco - bianchi)
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What happens when a noun has stress two syllables before 'co'? (Example, energico)
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The 'o' is dropped and an 'i' is added (Example, energico - energici)
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What happens to amico, nemico, and greco when becoming plural (these don't follow the normal rules)..
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Amico - amici nemico - nemici greco - greci
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What are the months in Italian?
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January - gennaio February - febbraio March - marzo Aprile - aprile May - maggio June - giugno July - luglio August - agosto September - settembre October - ottobre November - novembre December - Dicembre
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What are the numbers from 1-10, 20, 30, 40, 50
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1 uno 2 due 3 tre 4 quattro 5 cinque 6 sei 7 sette 8 otto 9 nove 10 dieci 11 undici 12 dodici 13 tredici 14 quattordici 15 quindici 16 sedici 17 diciassette 18 diciotto 19 diciannove 20 venti 21 ventuno 22 ventidue 23 ventitré 24 ventiquattro 25 venticinque
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How do you conjugate regular verbs ending in 'are'? (Example, Parlare)
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You keep the stem and drop 'are' and add (o, i, a, iamo, ate, ano) Example: (io) parlo (tu) parli (Lei/lui/lei) parla (Noi) parliamo (Voi) parlate (Loro/loro) parlano
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How do you conjugate regular verbs ending in 'iare'? So there is an i before the are (Example, Cominciare)
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You keep the stem and drop 'are' and add (o, i, a, iamo, ate, ano) - except for (i and iamo - here you drop the iare) Example: (io) comincio (tu) cominci (Lei/lui/lei) comincia (Noi) cominciamo (Voi) cominciate (Loro/loro) cominciano
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How do you conjugate regular verbs ending in 'care' or 'gare'? So there is a c or g before the are (Example, Cercare)
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You keep the stem and drop 'are' and add (o, i, a, iamo, ate, ano) - except for (i and iamo - here you drop the iare and add an h) Example: (io) cerco (tu) cerchi (Lei/lui/lei) cerca (Noi) cerchiamo (Voi) cercate (Loro/loro) cercano
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How do you conjugate Dare and what does it mean? (irregular verb)
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Dare (to give) Do Dai Dà Diamo Date Danno
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How do you conjugate Stare and what does it mean? (irregular verb)
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Stare (to stay) Sto Stai Sta Stiamo State Stanno
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How do you conjugate Andare and what does it mean? (irregular verb)
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andare (to go) Vado Vai Va Andiamo Andate Vanno
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How do you conjugate Fare and what does it mean? (irregular verb)
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fare (to do; to make) Faccio Fai Fa Facciamo Fate Fanno
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How do you say 'my' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il mio Masculine Plural: i miei Feminine Singular: la mia Feminine Plural: le mie
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How do you say 'your (tu)' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il tuo Masculine Plural: i tuoi Feminine Singular: la tua Feminine Plural: Ie tue
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How do you say 'your (Lei)' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il Suo Masculine Plural: i Suoi Feminine Singular: la Sua Feminine Plural: le Sue
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How do you say 'your (His,hers)' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il suo Masculine Plural: i suoi Feminine Singular: la sua Feminine Plural: le sue
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How do you say 'our' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il nostro Masculine Plural: i nostre Feminine Singular: la nostra Feminine Plural: le nostri
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How do you say 'your (voi)' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il vostro Masculine Plural: i vostre Feminine Singular: la vostra Feminine Plural: le vostre
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How do you say 'your (loro), their' in masculine and feminine (plural and singular)?
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Masculine Singular: Il loro Masculine Plural: i loro Feminine Singular: la loro Feminine Plural: le loro
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When do you use Questo, Quest', Questa, Questi, Queste?
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Masculine singular: Questo and Quest' (if starts with vowel) Masculine Plural: Questi (all the time) Feminine Singular: Questa and Quest' (if starts with vowel) Feminine Plural: Queste (all the time)
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When do you use Quel, quello, quell',quei, quegli,quella,quell' quelle? (when singolar and plural + masculine and feminine)
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Masculine singular: quel (for most nouns), quello (if starts with s or z + consonant), quell' (if starts with a vowel) Masculine Plural: quei (for most nouns), quegli (if starts with a vowel or z or s + consonant) Feminine Singular: quella (for most nouns), quell' (if starts with a vowel) Feminine Plural: quelle (for all)
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How do you conjugate verbs ending ere? (Example, Scrivere)
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You drop the ere and the following to the stem: o i e iamo ete ono Example: Scrivo Scrivi Scrive Scriviamo Scrivete Scrivono
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How do you conjugate verbs ending ire? (Example, dormire)
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You drop the ire and the following to the stem: o i e iamo ite ono Example: Dormo Dormi Dorme Dormiamo Dormite Dormono
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How do you conjugate the irregular verb Capire and what does it mean?
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Same rules as regular ire verbs, however just add isc on everything but noi and voi) Capire (to write) Capisco Capisci Capisce Capiamo Capite Capiscono
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How do you conjugate the verb Dovere and what is the meaning?
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Dovere (to have to, must) Devo Devi Deve Dobbiamo Dovete Devono
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How do you conjugate the verb Potere and what is the meaning?
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Potere (to be able to, can, may) Posso Puoi Può possiamo potete possono
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How do you conjugate the verb Volere and what is the meaning?
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Volere (to want) Voglio Vuoi Vuole Vogliamo Volete Vogliono
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How do you conjugate the verb Dire and what is the meaning?
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Dire (to say) Dico Dici Dice Diciamo Dite Dicono
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How do you conjugate the verb Uscire and what is the meaning?
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Uscire (to exite) Esco Esci Esce Usciamo Uscite Escono
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How do you conjugate the verb Venire and what is the meaning?
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Venire (to come) Vengo vieni viene veniamo venite vengono
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Singular: How do you say Me, you (informal), you, him, her?
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Mi - me Ti - you La - you Lo - him La - her
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Plural: How do you say us, you (informal), you (masculine), you (feminine), them (masculine), them (feminine)?
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Ci - us Vi - you Li - you Le - you Li - them Le - them
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How do you say at, to?
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a
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How do you say from?
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da
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how do you say of?
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di
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how do you say in, to, into?
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in
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how do you say on, over?
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su
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How do you say with?
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con
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how do you say between, among?
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fra/tra
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Ho do you say for?
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per
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How do you say I am going to a city?
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Here just make sure when it is a city you use 'a' Vado a Parigi
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How do you say i am going to a country?
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here just make sure when it is a country you use ' in' Vado in Canada
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How do you say going in something (example going in bike)
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Make sure to use 'in' when travelling with objects Vado in treno, vado in macchina
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How do you say at this hour?
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alle + hour
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How do you say from this hour to this hour?
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Dalle + hour + alle + hour
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How do you say until this hour?
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Fino alle + hour
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How do you say before this hour?
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Prima delle + hour
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What do verbs ending in are become when become past tense? (Example, parlare)
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Are - ato ( Example, parlare - parlato
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What do verbs ending in ere become when become past tense? (Example, ricevere)
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Ere - uto Example ricevere - ricevuto
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What do verbs ending in ire become when become past tense? (Example, capire)
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Ire - ito Example Capire - capito
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what do you add in front of verbs when making them past tense?
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Either Avere or essere depending on the verb .. Example, Parlare ho parlato hai parlato ha parlato abbiamo parlato avete parlato hanno parlato
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How do you make a past tense sentence negative?
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Add non after the auxiliary verb Example, Ha ordinato un tè? No, non ho ordinato un tè. (goes before avere or essere)
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What is the past tense of fare (irregular)
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fatto
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What is the past tense of chiedere (irregular)
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chiesto
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What is the past tense of correre (irregular)
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corso
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What is the past tense of decidere (irregular)
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deciso
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What is the past tense of dipingere (irregular)
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dipinto
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What is the past tense of leggere (irregular)
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letto
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What is the past tense of mettere (irregular)
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messo
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What is the past tense of perdere (irregular)
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perso
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What is the past tense of prendere (irregular)
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preso
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What is the past tense of rispondere (irregular)
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risposto
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What is the past tense of scrivere (irregular)
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scritto
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What is the past tense of vedere (irregular)
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visto
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What is the past tense of bere (irregular)
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bevuto
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What is the past tense of aprire (irregular)
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aperto
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What is the past tense of dire (irregular)
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detto
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What is the past tense of offrire (irregular)
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oferto
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What do you add before past tense words such as Andare?
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Essere conjugations sono andato/a sei andato/a è andato/a siamo andato/a siete andato/a sono andato/a
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What is the past tense of andare (irregular)
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andato
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What is the past tense of arrivare (irregular)
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arrivato
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What is the past tense of diventare (irregular)
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diventato
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What is the past tense of entrare (irregular)
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entrato
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What is the past tense of essere (irregular)
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stato
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What is the past tense of morire (irregular)
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morto
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What is the past tense of nascere (irregular)
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nato
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What is the past tense of Partire (irregular)
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partito
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What is the past tense of Rimanere (irregular)
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rimasto
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What is the past tense of stare (irregular)
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stato
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What is the past tense of uscire (irregular)
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uscito
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What is the past tense of venire (irregular)
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venuto
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What does conoscere mean?
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means to know in the sense of to be acquainted with someone or something
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what does sapere mean?
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means to know a fact
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How do you conjugate conoscere (present tense)?
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conosco conosci conosce conosciamo conoscete conoscono
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How do you conjugate sapere (present tense)?
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so sai sa sappiamo sapete sanno
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How do you conjugate conoscere (past tense)?
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ho conosciuto
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How do you conjugate sapere (past tense)?
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ho saputo
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how do you say me?
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mi
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how do you say you (inform)
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ti
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how do you say you (formal)
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Le
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how do you say him?
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gli
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how do you say her?
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le
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how do you say us ?
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ci
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how do you say you (inform)
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vi
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How do you say you (formal)
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Loro
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how do you say them?
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gli
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What does lo ho become?
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l'ho
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what does la ho become?
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l'ho
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how do you say what?
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che
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how do you say who?
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chi
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how do you say how much?
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quanto
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how do you say how?
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come
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how do you say where?
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dove or dov'è
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how do you say why?
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perchè
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how do you say when?
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quando
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how do you say which?
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quale/quali
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how do you say how much/many?
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quanto/a/i/e
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How do you conjugate imperfetto verbs ending with are?(Ex. parlare)
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Io Parlavo tu parlavi lui/lei parlava noi parlavamo voi parlavate loro parlavano
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How do you conjugate imperfetto verbs ending with ere?(Ex. scrivere)
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Io scrivevo tu scrivevi lui/lei scriveva noi scrivevamo voi scrivevate loro scrivevano
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How do you conjugate imperfetto verbs ending with ire?(Ex. dormire)
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Io dormivo tu dormivi lui/lei dormiva noi dormivamo voi dormivate loro dormivano
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conjugate essere
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io ero tu eri lui/lei era noi eravamo voi eravate loro erano
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conjugate bere
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io bevevo tu bevevi lui/lei beveva noi bevevamo voi bevevate loro bevevano
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Conjugate dire
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io dicevo tu dicevi lui/lei diceva noi dicevamo voi dicevate loro dicevano
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Conjugate fare
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io facevo tu facevi lui/lei faceva noi facevamo voi facevate loro facevano
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What are the days in Italian?
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lunedì martedì mercoledì giovedì venerdì sabato domenica
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How do you say Thursday, February 16th in Italian?
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Giovedi sedici febbraio
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____ zaino (fill in using indefinite article)
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___uno__ zaino
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____ aeroporto (fill in using indefinite article)
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__un__ aeroporto
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____ gatti (fill in using definite article)
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i gatti
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_____ studenti (fill in using definite article)
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gli studenti
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___ ciccolata (add in the correct form of "buono"
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buona ciccolata
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What are the different forms of "buono"
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buon, buono, buona, buon'
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What are the different forms of bel?
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bel, bello, bell', bella, bell', bei, begli, belle
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What are the different forms of quetsto?
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questo, questi, questa, queste
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What are the different forms of quello?
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quel, quello, quell', quei, quegli, quella, quell', quelle
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How do you say it is 10:30 am ?
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Sono le dieci e mezzo di mattina
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How do you say its 8 pm?
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Sono le otto di sera
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How do you say its 11 pm
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sono le undici di notte
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How do you use piacere?
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Piace (is singular), piacciono (is plural), piaciuto (pass tense - used with essere) --> meaning it changes with gender
