Italian Final Chapter 2 Grammar – Flashcards
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Reflexive verbs describe an action that the subject of the verb does to or for himself, herself, or itself (the action is reflected back on the subject of the verb)
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Reflexive verbs definition
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mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si
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Reflexive pronouns
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Lavarsi (to wash oneself) mi lavo ti lavi si lava ci laviamo vi lavate si lavano
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Examples reflexive verbs: Lavarsi
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Reflexive pronouns precede conjugated verbs, but are attached to infinitives after dropping the final -e Mi alzo preso ogni giorno. (I get up early every day) Preferisco alzarmi presto. (I prefer to get up early)
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Where are reflexive pronouns placed?
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addormentarsi (to fall asleep) alzarsi (to get up) annoiarsi (to get bored) asciugarsi (to dry up) divertirsi (to have fun) farsi la barba (to shave) fermarsi (to stop oneself) incontrarsi (to meet) lavarsi (to wash oneself) mettersi (to put on clothes) perdersi (to get lost) pettinarsi (to comb one's hair) riposarsi (to rest) sbrigarsi (to hurry) sdraiarsi (to lie down) svegliarsi (to wake up) truccarsi (to put on make up) vestirsi (to get dressed)
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Common reflexive verbs
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When parts of the body or clothing are mentioned with reflexives, use the definite article not the possessive adjective Ex: Ci laviamo le mani.
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Body parts and reflexives
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accorgersi (to realize) annoiarsi (to get/be bored) arrabbiarsi (to get mad/angry) dimenticarsi (to forget) lamentarsi (to complain) pentirsi (to regret) preoccuparsi (to worry) ricordarsi (to remember) sentirsi (to feel) stufarsi (to be fed up) vantarsi (to brag) vergognarsi (to be ashamed)
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Reflexives that express feeling, state of mind, or attitude
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alzare: (to raise) ; alzarsi (to get up) chiamare (to call); chiamarsi (to be named) fermare (to stop someone/thing) fermarsi (to stop oneself; to stay) mettere (to put); mettersi (to put on clothes) muovere (to move someone/thing); muoversi (to move oneself) svegliare (to wake someone); svegliarsi (to wake up)
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Verbs that change meaning with reflexives
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abbracciarsi (to huge each other) aiutarsi (to help each other) amarsi (to love each other) baciarsi (to kiss each other) conoscersi (to know each other) parlarsi (to speak to each other) scriversi (to write to each other) telefonarsi (to phone each other) vedersi (to see each other)
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Reciprocal verbs *used with ci, vi, si reflexive pronouns
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Typically used in 3rd person singular & plural Mi piace, ti piace, si piace, etc. Indirect object + piacere + subject indirect object pronouns: mi, ti, le, gli, Le, ci, vi, loro, Loro *loro follows the verb
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The verb piacere
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Me, te, lei, lui, Lei, noi, voi, Loro, loro Ex: A me piace la matematica.
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Stressed pronouns
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bastare (to be enough) dare fastidio (to annoy) dispiacere (to be sorry) disturbare (to be a nuisance) (non) importare (to 'not' matter) interessare (to interest) mancare (to be missing) occorrere (to need) parere (to seem) restare (to have left) sembrare (to seem) servire (to be useful) stare a cuore (to matter)
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Verbs like piacere
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my/mine: il mio, la mia, i miei, le mie your/yours: il tuo, la tua, i tuoi, le tue your/yours formal: il Suo, la Sua, i Suoi, le Sue his/her/its: il suo, la sua, i suoi, le sue our/ours: il nostro, la nostra, i nostri, le nostre your/yours: il vostro, la vostra, i vostri, le vostre their/theirs: il loro, la loro, i loro, le loro
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Possessive adjectives and pronouns *usually precede the noun that they modify Ex: Ecco il mio palazzo
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-With the exception of loro, which always requires the definite article, possessive adjectives are generally used without the definite article when referring to singular, unmodified family members -Use the definite article when the noun referring to a family member is plural and when it is a modified or affectionate form such as mamma or papà
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Possessive adjectives and family members
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Replace nouns, and must agree in number and gender with the nouns to which they refer Ex: Il tuo gatta ha sempre fame, ma il mio mangia poco
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Possessive pronouns rule
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The definite article is almost always used with possessive pronouns, even when referring to a single family member
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Possessive pronouns and family members
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When possessive pronouns follow the verb essere the definite article is generally omitted, but it does not have to be Ex: Questi CD sono nostri? Questi CD sono i nostri o i tuoi?
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Possessive pronouns and essere
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Questo (this) Quello (that)
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Questo and quello
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questo poliziotto quest'anno
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Questo conjugation masculine singular
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questi quartieri
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Questo conjugation masculine plural
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questa farmacia quest'amica
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Questo conjugation feminine singular
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queste macchine
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Questo conjugation feminine plural
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quel segnale quell'amico quello stadio
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Quello conjugation masculine singular
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quei tribunali quegli angoli quegli zii
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Quello conjugation masculine plural
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quella città quell'edicola quella strada
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Quello conjugation feminine singular
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quelle cose quelle amiche quelle banche
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Quello conjugation feminine plural
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Questo and quello may also be used as demonstrative pronouns; in this case each only has four forms ending in -o, -a, -i, or -e
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Questo and quello as pronouns
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Bello, bravo, brutto, buono, cattivo, nuovo, vecchio, piccolo, grande
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Adjectives that precede nouns
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un buono stadio un buon libro una buona ragione una buon'amica
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Buono conjugation
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il bel paese il bello stadio il bell'appartamento la bella villa i begli occhi le belle strade i bei giardini
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Bello conjugation
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una gran città un grande zaino una grand'edicola
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Grande conjugation
