ISYS Chapter 3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Digital Darwinism
answer
Implies that organizations that cannot adapt to new demands placed on them for surviving in the information age are doomed to extinction.
question
Disruptive technology
answer
A new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers. Tend to open new markets and destroy old ones.
question
Sustaining technology
answer
Produces an improved product that customers are eager to buy such as a faster car or a longer hard drive. Tends to provide us with faster, better and cheaper products in established markets.
question
Internet
answer
A massive network that connects computers all over the world and allows them to communicate with one another. Computers connected to the internet can send and receive different kinds of information including text, graphics, voice, video and software.
question
ARPANET
answer
Begining of the internet and started for US defense
question
World Wide web
answer
Provides access to internet (not just government agencies and scientists) information through documents including text, graphics and video files through a special tool called HTML
question
Hypertext markup language
answer
links documents, allowing users to move from one to another simply by clicking on a hotspot or a link.
question
Web browsers
answer
ex: Internet explorer or Mozilla Firefox; allow users access to www
question
Hypertext transfer protocol
answer
what internet protocol web browsers use to request and display web pages using universal resource locators
question
Universal resource locator (URL)
answer
The address of a file or resource on the web. ex: www.apple.com
question
Domain name
answer
identifies the URL address. ex: apple.com URLs use these to identify particular websites
question
Domain name hosting
answer
A service that allows the owner of a domain name to maintain a simple website and provide email capacity.
question
Applet
answer
a program that runs within another application such as a website.
question
Web 1.0
answer
A term that refers to www during its first few years of operation between 1991 and 2003
question
Ecommerce
answer
The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet
question
Ebusinesss
answer
Ecommerce + internal and external business operations such as servicing customer accounts, collaborating with partners and exchanging real time information.
question
Paradigm shift
answer
Occurs when a new radical form of business enters the market and reshapes the way companies and organizations behave. Ebusiness creates a paradigm shift
question
Information richness
answer
depth and breadth of details contained in a piece of textual, graphic, audio or video information.
question
information reach
answer
Measures the number of people a firm can communicate with all over the world. Buyers need it to make informed purchases, sellers need it to properly market and differentiate themselves from the competition.
question
Advantages of eBusiness
answer
Expanding Global research -Easy access to real-time information is a primary benefit of ebusiness -Information richness -Information reach Opening New Marke -Mass customization -Personalization -Another niche-market business strategy is capturing the long-tail: the tail of a typical sales curve. Demonstrates how niche markets can have viable and profitable business markets
question
Mass customization
answer
ability of an organization to tailor products or services to the customers' specifications
question
Personalization
answer
Occurs when a company knows enough about a customer's likes and dislikes that it can fashion offers more likely to appeal to that person. ex: Amazon uses personalization to create a unique portal for each of its customers
question
Intermediaries
answer
agents, software or businesses that provide a trading infrastructure to bring buyers and sellers together
question
disintermediation
answer
brought about by the intro of ebusinesses. Occurs when business sells directly to the customer online so no need of intermediary. ex: online travel companies use disintermediation by eliminating travel agents
question
reintermediation
answer
steps are added to the value chain as new players find ways to add value to the business process. ex: Levi Strauss. Started by selling online stuff only its own website. then they thought it would be cooler if all retailers sold their products directly to the customers. this added retailers to the process.
question
cybermediation
answer
creating new kinds of intermediaries that simply could not have existed before the advent of ebusiness. ex: citibank, online shopping or shipping
question
Reducing costs
answer
reduces start up costs so you don't need to invest on infrastructure and stuff other costs of setting up, hiring etc.
question
Improving operations
answer
has the biggest impact on customer service communication is faster and more available
question
Improving effectiveness
answer
best way to measure ebusiness success rates is through effectiveness metrics - revenue generated by traffic, number of new customers acquired by traffic etc. interactivity clickstream data
question
Interactivity
answer
Measures advertising effectiveness by counting the number of people who have viewed an ad, like the time spent viewing it, the number of times they viewed it etc.
question
Clickstream data
answer
used to observe the exact pattern of a consumer's navigation through a site. ex: # of pages viewed, # of times you visit the site, # of customers w/ shopping carts etc.
question
FOUR BUSINESS MODELS
answer
Business ? business Business ? Customer Customer ? Business Customer ? Customer
question
Business ? business
answer
applies to businesses buying from and selling to each other over the internet ex: medical billing service, software sales, licensing e-marketplaces: interactive business communities providing a central market where buyers and sellers engage in ebusiness activity.
question
Business ? Customer
answer
B2B applies to any business that sells its products or services directly to customers online e-shop: an online version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour. Can be an extention of an existing store such as JC penny or just online such as Amazon.
question
Customer ? Business
answer
C2B applies to any consumer who sells a product or service to a business on the internet. ex: priceline.com predicted to increase over the next few years
question
Customer ? Customer
answer
Applies to customers offering g&s to each other over the internet ex: auction where buyers and sellers sell stuff to each other. Ebay
question
search engine
answer
a website software that finds other pages based on keyword matching similar to google.
question
Search engine ranking
answer
Search engine ranking
question
Search engine optimization
answer
combines art along with science to determine how to make URLs more attractive to search engines resulting in higher search engine ranking. Better SEO ? higher ranking for the website
question
Pay-per click
answer
generates revenue each time a user clicks on the link to a retailer's website
question
Pay-per call
answer
generates revenue each time a user clicks on a link that takes the user directly to an online agent waiting for a call
question
Pay-per conversion
answer
generates revenue each time a website visitor is converted to a customer
question
Email
answer
exchange of digital messages over the internet Internet service provider (ISP) - a company that provides access to the internet for a monthly fee. ex: AT, Tmobile
question
Instant messaging or IM
answer
Real-time communication: Occurs when a system updates info at the same rate that it receives it IM: service that enables instant or real time communication between people.
question
Podcasting
answer
converts audio broadcast into a digital music player. Increase marketing reach and build customer loyalty
question
Videoconferencing
answer
Allows people at two or more locations to interact via two way video and audio transmissions simultaneously and also share documents, data etc. Increase productivity because users participate without leaving their office
question
Web conferencing
answer
blends video conf with document shairng and allows the user to deliver a presentation over the web to a group of geographically dispersed participants
question
Content management systems
answer
Help companies manage the creation, storage, editing and publication of their website content mostly include web based publishing, search, navigation and indexing to organize info. let ppl with little or no expertise make website changes taxonomy info. architecture
question
taxonomy
answer
scientific classification of organisms into groups based on similar structure or origin. also used to index the content on websites into categories and subcategories.
question
information architecture
answer
set of ideas about how all the info in a given context should be organized
question
CHALLENGES OF EBUSINESS
answer
Identifying limited market segments lack of growth in some sectors due to product limitations ex: the online food industry cannot grow cuz food items are perishable. also kitchen china etc. Managing consumer trust its hard to ensure that the customer will trust the online seller because they can't see and don't know them to maintain trust, accept legitimate forms of payment, respond to customer queries etc. Ensuring consumer protection ensure system security for the customer guard them against unsolicited goods or purchases Adhering to taxation rules there's a bunch of ecommerce rules that are vague about taxing online sales
question
ADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS 2.0
answer
Content sharing through open sourcing User-distributed content collaboration inside the organization Collaboration outside the organization
question
Content sharing through open sourcing
answer
open system consists of nonproprietary hardware and software based on publicly known standards that allows third parties to create add-on products to plug into or interoperate with the system ex: so many hardware and software work with devices such as computers, ipods, mouse, drawing software etc. source code: contains instructions written by a programme specifying the actions to be performed by a computer software. Open source: any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to use and modify. ex: mozilla offers firefox web browser free.
question
User-distributed content
answer
created and updated by many users for many users. ex: wikipedia, youtube. reputation system
question
reputation system
answer
where buyers post feedback on sellers. ex: ebay
question
collaboration inside the organization
answer
collaborations system: a set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of info collective intelligence: collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners adn customers. Knowledge management: capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving and sharing info assets in a way that provides context for effective decisions and actions. KMS supports all of this throughout an organization. Explicit vs. tacit knowledge
question
explicit
answer
anything that can be documented, codified or archived often with the help of MIS. ex: stuff like patents, trademarks, marketing research, business plans etc.
question
tacit
answer
knowledge contained in people's heads. gotta figure out how to manage and share this info. technology such as email, IM can distribute tacit knowledge.
question
Collaboration outside the organization
answer
crowdsourcing: refers to wisdom of the crowd. traditional business sys used asynchronous communication: where messaging and response did not occur at the same time. like email synchronous communication: occur at the same time such as IM or chat. came with business 2.0
question
social media
answer
refers to websites that rely on user participation and user contrubuted content like facebook, twitter etc.
question
social network
answer
application that connects people by matching their profile info social networking: practice of expanding your business and/or social contacts by constructing a personal network.
question
social networking analysis (SNA)
answer
maps group contacts identifying who knows each other and who works together. ex: linkedin
question
social tagging
answer
collaborative activity that lets you mark shared online content with keywords or tags to organize it for future use. Like on FB you could tag your friends in a picture
question
tags
answer
specific keywords or phrases incorporated into a website content for means of classification. AN item can have one or more tags to it
question
Folksonomy
answer
ike taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tags or key-word based classifications sytem. like mobile phones could also be called cellphones, just phones or smartphone or iphone etc.
question
website bookmark
answer
locally stored URL or address of the file or internet page saved as a shortcut
question
social bookmarking
answer
allows users to share, organize, search and manage bookmarks.
question
Blogs
answer
online journal that allows users to post their own graphics, comments and video
question
Microblogs
answer
send brief posts to a personal blog, either publicly or through a private group of subscribers who can read the posts as IM or texts
question
Real simple syndication (RSS)
answer
web format used to publish frequently updated works such as blogs, news headlines, audio and video in standardized format. includes full or summarized text including other info such as publication date and authorship
question
Wikis
answer
a type of collaborative web page that allows users to add, remove and change content which can easily be organized as required wiki user can alter the content in any way, while blog users can only add comments.
question
network effect
answer
how products in a network increase in value to users as the number of users increases. ex: wikipedia becomes more imp to users as the # of contrinuters increases
question
Mashups
answer
website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new product or service content used in mashups is sourced from application programming interface (API)
question
application programming interface (API)
answer
set of routines, protocols and tools for building software applications. programmer puts all of this stuff together.
question
mashup editors
answer
provide a visual interface to build a mashup, normally using drag-and drop data points. ex: dole organic banana sales
question
technology dependence
answer
too much dependence on technology
question
information vandalism
answer
open source and sharing allow people to freely and easily use content but it can also encourage bad people to destroy and put in bad content
question
copyright violations and plagiarism
answer
makes it super easy which isn't good.
question
web 1.0
answer
text based info websites;
question
web 2.0
answer
user contributed content;
question
web 3.0
answer
intelligent applications
question
semantic web
answer
component of web 3.0 that describes things in a way computers can understand. uses relationships. will use integration of legacy devices, intelligent applications, open ID, open technologies and a worldwide database.
question
Egovernment
answer
involves the use of strategies and technologies to transform govts by improving the delivery of services and enhancing the quality of interaction between citizen-consumer within all branches of the govt. ex: firstgov.gov
question
MBusiness or mobile business
answer
ability to purchase goods and services through a wireless internet-enabled device like a phone.
question
Types of MBusiness
answer
mobile entertainment: music videos, games, ring tones mobile sales/marketing: advertising, campaigns, discounts, promotions and coupons mobile banking: manage acounts, pay bills, transfer ffunds mobile ticketing: buy tickets to movies, parking tickets etc. mobile payments: for goods, home delivery, uber, gas etc.
