question

A difference between operations and projects is that operations end when their objectives have been reached, whereas projects do not.

answer

False-- Projects are different from operations in that they end when their objectives have been reached or the project has been terminated.

question

A project manager's primary role is to provide the funding for a project.

answer

False

question

Managing the triple constraint primarily involves making trade-offs between resources and quality.

answer

False Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project. Experienced project managers know that one must decide which aspect of the triple constraint is most important.

question

A project's stakeholders consist of its customers, users, and suppliers.

answer

True

question

The importance of stakeholders' needs and expectations is limited to the beginning of a project.

answer

False Stakeholders' needs and expectations are important in the beginning and throughout the life of a project. Successful project managers develop good relationships with project stakeholders to understand and meet their needs and expectations.

question

The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for which it was undertaken.

answer

False Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project stakeholder management includes identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement throughout the life of the product.

question

Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects.

answer

True

question

To be a successful manager, the only skills an IT project manager needs to possess is excellent technical skills.

answer

False

question

Project _____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.

answer

Scope

question

Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information?

answer

project communications management

question

Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas?

answer

Project integration management

question

In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used?

answer

Cost Tools used in cost management include payback analysis, earned value management, project portfolio management, and cost estimates among others.

question

Which of the following is true of program managers?

answer

They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.

question

A critical path:

answer

determines the earliest completion date of a project.

question

Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional?

answer

PMI PMI or the Project Management Institute provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP). A Project Management Professional (PMP) is someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.

question

Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software?

answer

They provide basic project management features.

question

Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software.

answer

high-end

question

Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.

answer

True

question

Project managers and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.

answer

True

question

According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.

answer

True The symbolic frame focuses on symbols and meanings

question

An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

answer

True A project organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers or vice presidents reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete the projects within their programs. An organization that uses this structure earns its revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

question

Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies' problems can be traced to its organizational structure.

answer

False Organizational culture is very powerful, and many people believe the underlying causes of many companies ' problems are not in the organizational structure or staff; they are in the culture.

question

Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.

answer

False External project stakeholders include the project 's customers (if they are external to the organization), competitors, suppliers, and other external groups potentially involved in the project or affected by it, such as government officials or concerned citizens.

question

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.

answer

True

question

_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.

answer

Systems analysis Systems analysis is a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system, dividing it into components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.

question

The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

answer

Political frame

question

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

answer

Matrix A matrix organizational structure represents the middle ground between functional and project structures.

question

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.

answer

functional Project managers have the most authority in a pure project organizational structure and the least amount of authority in a pure functional organizational structure.

question

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

answer

Organizational culture

question

_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession.

answer

Member identity

question

_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

answer

Open systems focus

question

_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization.

answer

Competitors

question

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

answer

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

question

In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders

answer

implementation

question

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.

answer

RAD life cycle This life cycle model also requires heavy user involvement and helps produce systems quickly without sacrificing quality.

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams?

answer

Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information

question

A _______ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

answer

Project

question

Which of the following is not an attribute of a project? A. Projects are unique B. Projects are developed using progressive elaboration C. Projects have a primary customer or sponsor D. Projects involve little Uncertainty

answer

D. Projects Involve little uncertainty

question

What are the three constraints of project management?

answer

meeting scope goals meeting time goals meeting cost goals

question

________ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements

answer

Project Management

question

Project portfolio management addresses ______ goals of an organization, while project management addresses _____ goals

answer

A. Strategic B. Tactical

question

Several application development projects done for the same functional group might best be managed as part of a ________

answer

Program

question

The Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework is incompatible with the PMBOK process.

answer

False

question

The output of the stakeholder management strategy results is a project charter.

answer

False The output of the stakeholder management strategy results is a stakeholder register.

question

Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.

answer

False EXECUTING THE PROJECT involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed. It also includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.

question

In the Scrum method, team members work as a self-directed group coached by the ScrumMaster.

answer

True Because Scrum implies that team members work as a self-directed group, coached by the ScrumMaster, a team contract should not be necessary.

question

Details of kick-off meetings and the stakeholder details are usually recorded in a Word document.

answer

True

question

A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track.

answer

monitoring and controlling Monitoring and controlling processes include regularly measuring and monitoring progress to ensure that the project team meets the project objectives

question

Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area.

answer

project management plan

question

_____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members.

answer

Rational Unified Process

question

Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management?

answer

Collecting requirements

question

_____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management.

answer

Deliverables

question

The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.

answer

closing

question

Which of the following is true about the agile method?

answer

It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product. An agile approach is often used for projects in which the business team cannot clearly express the scope early in the product life cycle, but the team does want to provide a potentially shippable product earlier rather than later

question

Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum?

answer

Creating sprint backlog Creating product backlogs, sprint backlogs and release backlogs are all part of the planning process of the scrum.

question

Interface management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of a project.

answer

True

question

Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.

answer

False Project integration management must occur within the context of the entire organization, not just within a particular project. The project manager must integrate the work of the project with the ongoing operations of the organization.

question

An organization's information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.

answer

False

question

Projects that address broad organizational needs are likely to fail.

answer

False Projects that address broad organizational needs are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization.

question

Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing

answer

False Opportunities are chances to improve the organization. Directives are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.

question

The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.

answer

False An organization should always complete high-priority projects first, even if a low- or medium-priority project could be finished in less time.

question

NPV analysis is a method for making equal comparisons between cash flows for multi-year projects.

answer

True

question

One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____.

answer

Developing the project charter Main outputs of the initiation process are project charter and stakeholder register

question

The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination.

answer

planning

question

The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control.

answer

monitoring and controlling

question

A sprint review is a meeting in which the team demonstrates to the product owner what it has completed during the sprint.

answer

True

question

The executing process group generally requires the most resources.

answer

True

question

Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.

answer

False Key outcomes of the CLOSING process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents, such as a final project report and lessons-learned report.

question

A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.

answer

False A project charter is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. It authorizes the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.

question

The first step in the planning process is _____.

answer

to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan

question

In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints.

answer

project planning

question

Benefits minus costs is known as the _____.

answer

cash flow

question

Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI?

answer

It's always a percentage. It can be positive or negative

question

Payback occurs when:

answer

the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs

question

In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent.

answer

100

question

The business case includes information on _____.

answer

the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

question

A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control. Correct!

answer

project management plan

question

The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.

answer

project controls

question

The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.

answer

technical processes

question

_____ should result in improvements in project performance.

answer

corrective actions

question

An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____.

answer

a corrective action

question

Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.

answer

False Deliverables can be product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software, or process-related, such as a planning document or meeting minutes.

question

The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project.

answer

True

question

Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.

answer

True The charter describes the high-level scope, time, and cost goals for the project objectives and success criteria, a general approach to accomplishing the project's goals, and the main roles and responsibilities of important project stakeholders.

question

The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

answer

True

question

A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver.

answer

False A work package is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. It represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls.

question

The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps.

answer

False A concern when creating a WBS is how to organize it to provide the basis for the project schedule. You should focus on what work needs to be done and how it will be done, not when it will be done. In other words, the tasks do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps.

question

The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects.

answer

False

question

Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.

answer

True Even when the project scope is fairly well defined, many IT projects suffer from scope creep—the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. Many IT projects fail due to scope creep.

question

Scope refers to:

answer

the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.

question

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.

answer

Defining scope

question

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management.

answer

planning

question

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____.

answer

benchmarking

question

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

answer

work breakdown structure

question

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

answer

work package

question

In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

answer

analogy

question

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items.

answer

top-down

question

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.

answer

mind-mapping

question

Scope creep refers to:

answer

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

question

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance.

answer

variance

question

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

answer

use case modeling

question

In project time management, the primary output of defining activities is a schedule management plan.

answer

False In project time management, the main output of defining activities are an activity list, activity attributes, a milestone list, and project management plan updates.

question

To define activities, the project team should start with reviewing the schedule management plan, scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational processes.

answer

True

question

A dependency pertains to the sequencing of project activities or tasks.

answer

True

question

A merge occurs when one node precedes multiple nodes.

answer

False A merge occurs when two or more nodes precede a single node.

question

A drawback of the precedence diagramming method is that it cannot be used unless dummy activities are employed.

answer

False The precedence diagramming method offers a number of advantages over the AOA technique. One advantage is that using this method avoids the need to use dummy activities.

question

A disadvantage of using Gantt charts is that they do not provide a standard format for displaying planned project schedule information.

answer

False The main advantage of using Gantt charts is that they provide a standard format for displaying planned and actual project schedule information.

question

Knowing the amount of float allows project managers to know whether a project schedule is flexible.

answer

True

question

The technique of fast tracking can result in lengthening the project schedule.

answer

True The main disadvantage of fast tracking is that it can lengthen the project schedule because starting some tasks too soon often increases project risk and results in rework.

question

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?

answer

Defining activities

question

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?

answer

Sequencing activities

question

In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?

answer

Developing the schedule

question

In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule

answer

project management plan update

question

Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

answer

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list

question

In project time management, the main goal of _____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.

answer

defining activities

question

A network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities is known as a(n) _____.

answer

PDM The precedence diagramming method (PDM) is a network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities. It is particularly useful for visualizing certain types of time relationships.

question

Which of the following is true of dummy activities?

answer

They show logical relationships between activities. Dummy activities have no duration and no resources, but are occasionally needed on AOA network diagrams to show logical relationships between activities.

question

After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, the next process in project time management is to:

answer

estimate the duration of activities.

question

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.

answer

longest; shortest

question

The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as _____.

answer

crashing

question

A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:

answer

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.

question

When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, one should include sunk costs.

answer

False Sunk cost is money that has been spent in the past.

question

If an important supplier goes out of business, management reserves can be set aside to cover the resulting costs.

answer

True

question

Budgetary estimates are made even before a project is officially started.

answer

False Budgetary estimates are made one to two years prior to project completion.

question

Analogous estimates are called activity-based costing.

answer

False Analogous estimates are also called top-down estimates. Such estimates use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project.

question

One of the reasons why project cost estimates are inaccurate is because human beings are biased toward underestimation.

answer

True

question

Determining the budget involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time.

answer

True

question

The formulas for variances and indexes start with EV, the earned value.

answer

True

question

A negative schedule variance means that it took lesser than planned to perform the work.

answer

False A negative schedule variance means that it took longer than planned to perform the work, and a positive schedule variance means that the work took less time than planned to perform.

question

Which of the following involves developing an approximation of the costs of resources needed to complete a project?

answer

Estimating costs

question

Work performance information and cost forecasts are main outputs of the _____ process.

answer

cost control Controlling costs involves controlling changes to the project budget. The main outputs of the cost control process are work performance information, cost forecasts, change requests, project management plan updates, project documents updates, and organizational process assets updates.

question

_____ helps develop an accurate projection of a project's financial expenses and benefits.

answer

Life cycle costing

question

Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be an example of _____ costs.

answer

direct Direct costs can be directly related to creating the products and services of a project.

question

Soles is a footwear company which has recently set up its store in Ambrosia. To manufacture its products, Soles incurs a range of different costs. Which of the following would be an example of an indirect cost?

answer

Electricity used to run its factories Indirect costs are not directly related to the products or services of the project, but are indirectly related to performing the project

question

Which of the following is true of contingency reserves?

answer

They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for

question

Analogous estimates are also known as _____ estimates.

answer

top-down

question

_____ uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.

answer

Parametric estimating

question

If the cost estimate for a project is a basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a(n) _____ estimate and as accurate as possible.

answer

definitive

question

Which of the following is an output of the process of controlling costs?

answer

cost forecasts

question

Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost from _____

answer

Earned value

question

Schedule variance is:

answer

the earned value minus the planned value.

question

A _____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result

answer

process

question

_____ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out project plans and create the products, services, or results of the project or phase

answer

Executing

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