ISDS Chapter 11 – Flashcards
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Data
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facts or observations about people, places, things, and events—includes audio, music, photographs
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Physical view
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focuses on the actual format and location of data
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Logical view
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focuses on the meaning, content, and context of the data
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Character
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the most basic logical data element—letter, number, or special character
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Field
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group of related characters
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Record
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a collection of related fields
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Table
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a collection of related records
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Database
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an integrated collection of logically related tables
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Key field
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each record has a distinctive field
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Primary key
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the field that uniquely identifies the record
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Batch processing
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data is collected over several hours, days, or even weeks, and collected all at once
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Real time processing
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occurs when data is processed at the same time the transaction occurs
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Data redundancy
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when records from the same customer appear in different files in different departments
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Data integrity
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maintaining and assuring the accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life-cycle
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Sharing, security, less data redundancy, data integrity
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Advantages to having databases
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Database management system (DBMS)
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software that allows one to create, modify, and gain access to a database
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DBMS engine
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provides a bridge between the logical view of the data and the physical view of the data
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Data definition subsystem
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defines the logical structure of the database by using a data dictionary—defines the type of data for each field
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Data manipulation subsystem
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provides tools for maintaining and analyzing data
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Application generation subsystem
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provides tools to create data entry forms and specialized programming languages that interface or work with common programming
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Data administration subsystem
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helps to manage the overall database
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Hierarchal database
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fields or records are structured in nodes—one-to-many relationship—one parent node has several child nodes
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Nodes
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points connected like the branches of an upside-down tree
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Network database
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hierarchal but it has a many-to-many relationship—each child node can have more than one parent node
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Relational database
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elements are stored in different tables, each of which consists of rows and columns
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Multidimensional database
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contains data cubes having three or more sides and consisting of cells—significant advantages are conceptualization and processing speed
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Object-oriented database
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more flexible and store data as well as instructions to manipulate the data
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Classes
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general definitions
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Objects
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specific instances of a class that can contain both data and instructions to manipulate it
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Attributes
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data fields that an object possesses
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Methods
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instructions for retrieving or manipulating attribute values
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Individual database
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collection of integrated files primarily used by one person—data and DBMS are under the direct control of the user and are stored on the user's hard-disk or a LAN file server
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Company database
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may be stored on a central database server and managed by a database administrator—users in the company have access to the database—many are the foundation for management information systems
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Distributed database
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data is stored in several locations and made accessible through a variety of communications networks—not all the data is physically located in one place—typically database servers on a client/server network provide the link between data
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Commercial database
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generally an enormous database that an organization develops to cover particular subjects
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Data warehouse
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collected data from a variety of external and internal databases is stored here
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Data mining
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a technique used to search data warehouses to look for related information and patterns
