Introduction to Psychology Laura A. King Ch 12 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
An individual's characteristic style of behaving, thinking. and feeling. A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
answer
Personality
question
a series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describes their own behavior or mental state.
answer
Self-Report
question
A well-researched, self-report,clinical questionnaire used to asses personality and psychological problems.
answer
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory -MMPI
question
a standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual's personality
answer
Projective Techniques
question
a projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent's inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure.
answer
Rorschach Inkblot Test
question
A projective personality test in which respondents reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world through stories they make through ambiguous pictures of people
answer
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
question
A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.
answer
Trait
question
The trait of the five-factor model: O C E A N; openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, aggressiveness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
answer
Big Five
question
an approach that regards personality as formed by needs, striving, and desires, motives that can also produce emotional disorders; Frued-unconscious anything Psycho___
answer
Psychodynamic Approach
question
An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces.
answer
Dynamic Unconscious
question
the part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; totally unconscious, it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives. Pleasure Principle
answer
Id
question
the psychic force that motivates the tendency to seek immediate gratification of any impulse
answer
Pleasure principles
question
Consciousness, things we're aware of or paying attention to. Development through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life's practical demands; Reality Principle
answer
Ego
question
the regulating mechanism that enables the individual to delay gratifying immediate needs and brings pleasure within the norms of society and the real world. Consciousness
answer
Reality principle
question
the preconscious mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules; harsh inner judge or critic; your conscience; mainly learned as parents exercise their authority. Everything that can be brought into consciousness with little effort.
answer
SUPEREGO
question
unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses by unconsciously distorting reality toward something that's morally & socially acceptable.
answer
Defense Mechanism
question
finding reasonable explanations to unacceptable feelings or behaviors to conceal one's motives or feelings.
answer
Rationalization
question
replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with exaggerated version of the opposite.
answer
Reaction Formation
question
attributing one's own threatening feelings, motives and impulses to another person or group.
answer
Projection
question
ego deals with internal conflicts and perceived threats by reverting to an immature behavior or earlier stage of development in age or a relationship.
answer
Regression
question
shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative. E.g. a person, animal, thing; like kicking the dog after a tough day
answer
Displacement
question
taking on characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or better able to cope
answer
Identification
question
channeling unacceptable or aggressive drives into socially acceptable and culturally enhancing activities. E.g: an aggressive person resorts to sports.
answer
Sublimation
question
5 stages in which children experience sexual pleasure, from specific body areas, and people redirect or interfere with those pleasures.
answer
Psychosexual Stages
question
when a particular psycho-sexual stage colors an individual's adult personality/seeking drives become psychologically stuck
answer
Fixation
question
1st stage-1st 18 months- mouth, chewing, biting and sucking reduce tension in the infant. Pleasures and frustrations, associate with mouth, nursing & being fed
answer
Oral Stage
question
2nd stage- 18 months to 36 months-pleasure in going & holding & control over ones parents in deciding when to do either. Anus, retention, expulsion of feces and urine and toilet training
answer
Anal Stage
question
3rd stage- 3 to 6 years-phallic, genital region, discovers self-stimulation is enjoyable - triggers Oedipus complex or penis envy in girls aka castration completed.
answer
Phallic Stage
question
According to Freud, a boy's intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother. Conflict toward opposite sex parent, is (usually) resolved by identifying with same sex parent.
answer
Oedipus Conflict
question
4th stage; 6 years to puberty. A psychic time out. No psycho-sexual developments occur. Further development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skills
answer
Latency Stage
question
5th stage; adolescence to adulthood. Coming together of Adult personality, capacity for love, & work. Sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside the family.
answer
Genital Stage
question
motive toward realizing our inner potential
answer
Self-Actualization Tendency
question
attitude of nonjudgemental acceptance toward another person
answer
Unconditional Positive Regard
question
a school of thought, which regards personality as governed by the individual's ongoing choices and decisions in the context of realities of the life and death.
answer
Existential Approach
question
An approach that views personality in terms of how the person THINKS about situations encountered in daily life and how they BEHAVE in response to them.
answer
Social Cognitive Approach
question
the question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors
answer
Person-Situation Controversy
question
Dimensions people use in making sense of their experience
answer
Personal Constructs
question
a person's assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior
answer
Outcome Expectancies
question
a person's tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment
answer
Locus of Control
question
a person's explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics
answer
Self- Concept
question
the tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self concept
answer
Self-Verification
question
the extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self
answer
Self Esteem
question
people's tendency to take credit for their success but downplay responsibilities for their failures
answer
Self-Serving Bias
question
a trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others
answer
Narcissism
question
Developed the first feminist criticism of Freud's theory. Her Sociocultural approach emphasized women's positive qualities and self-evaluation. Need for security is prime motivator.
answer
Karen Horney
question
Jung's term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people. Predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways.
answer
Archetypes
question
Jung's term for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.
answer
Collective Unconscious
question
If Freddie's id was in charge when his boss told him that he was an incompetent fool, Freddie might
answer
Punch his boss in the face
question
Which of the following is not an element of Carl Rogers' theory?
answer
Defense Mechanisims
question
Karin works for a large firm that uses the MBTI to help supervisors learn more about their employees. Karin has been told she is an INTJ. This means that she
answer
Is introspective rather than extroverted
question
What approach to personality assumes that human nature is basically good?
answer
Humanistic
question
Which of the following is not a self-report test?
answer
TAT
question
NEOPIR, MBTI & MMPI
answer
These are Self Report Tests
question
________ theories stress the interaction of thought with social environments.
answer
Social cognitive
question
Of all the "Big Five" personality traits, ________ is probably the most important in terms of health and longevity issues.
answer
Conscientiousness
question
Dr. Crane is looking for a test that he can use to understand more about his clients' unconscious motivations. He could use a(n) ________ measure.
answer
Projective
question
A person who is intellectual, imaginative, and has a broad range of interests would mostly likely score high on a measure of
answer
Openness
