Introduction to Management – Chapter 2: The History of Management – Flashcards
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Scientific Management
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thoroughly studying and testing different work methods and identifying the best, most efficient was to complete a job
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Father of Scientific Management
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-Frederick W. Taylor -Developed four principles of scientific management -Introduced the time study
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Time Study
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time taken by good workers to complete each part of their jobs
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Taylor's Four Principles of Scientific Management
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1. Develop a science for each element of a man's word, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method. 2. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past, he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could. 3.
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Motion Studies
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-Frank and Lillian Gilbreth -Employed motion study to simplify work and improve productivity
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Motion Study
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breaking each task or job into its separate motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary or repetitive
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Gantt Chart
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-Developed Gantt chart -Indicates what tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project
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Bureaucratic Management
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-Max Weber -Proposed the idea of bureaucracy
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Bureaucracy
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exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience
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Characterized Elements of Bureaucracies:
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-Qualification based hiring and merit-based promotion -Chain of command and division of labor -Impartial application of rules and procedures -Records in writing -Managers separate from owners
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Principles of Management by Henri Fayol
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-Division of work Authority and responsibility -Discipline -Unity of command -Unity of direction -Subordinate of individual interests to the general interests -Remuneration -Centralization, scalar chain -Order, equity -Stability of tenure of personnel -Initiative -Esprit de corps
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Humans Relation Management
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-Mary Parker Follett -Developed the approach of integrative conflict resolution
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Integrative Conflict Resolution
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approach to deal with conflict in which both parties indicate their preferences and find an alternative that meets the needs of both parties
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Humans Relations Management - Elton Mayo
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played a significant role in Hawthorne Studies
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Humans Relations Management - Chester Barnard
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proposed a comprehensive theory of cooperation in formal organizations
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Organization
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system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people
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Operations Management
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-Eli Whitney -Introduced the concept of manufacturing using standardized, interchangeable parts
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Operations Management- Gaspard Monge
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explained techniques for drawing three-dimensional objects on paper
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Operations Management- Oldsmobile Motor Work
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invented just in-time inventory systems
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Information Management
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-Paper and printing press revolutionized the business use of information -Typewriters and personal computers enabled easier and faster production of business correspondence -Telegraph, telephone, fax, and Internet increased access to timely information
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Systems Management- System
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set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole
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Subsystem
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smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system
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Synergy
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occurs when subsystems can produce more together than they can working apart
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Types of Systems
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-Closed systems sustain themselves without interacting with their environments -Open systems sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments
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Contingency Management- Contingency Approach
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-Holds that there are no universal management theories -Effective management theory depends on the kinds of problems that managers are facing at a particular time and place
