intro to info tech – Flashcards
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drivers
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Small programs called ____ are used to communicate with peripheral devices, such as monitors, printers, and scanners.
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shareware
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Most ____ programs are available to try free of charge, but typically a small fee is required to use the program regularly.
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FireWire
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External hard drives today typically connect via a USB or ____ port.
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Handheld Computers
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____ are about the size of a paperback book or pocket calculator.
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Computer Virus
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A ____ is a software program that is designed to cause damage to the computer system or perform some other malicious act.
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Public Domain Software
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There are four basic categories of software: commercial software, shareware, freeware, and ____.
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system bus
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The bus that moves data back and forth between the CPU and memory is typically called the ____.
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holographic storage
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One technology for 3D storage systems that, after many years of research and development, is now a reality is ____.
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information
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When data is processed into a meaningful form, it becomes ____.
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operating system
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A computer's ____ is a collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system.
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megapixels
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One factor affecting digital camera quality is the number of pixels, measured in ____, used to store the data for each image.
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system clock
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In order to synchronize the computer's operations, a ____—a quartz crystal located on the motherboard—is used.
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identity theft
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One growing security problem is ____—in which someone else uses your identity, typically to purchase goods or services.
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memory
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The term ____ refers to chip-based storage used by the computer
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frames
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Video data—such as home movies, feature films, and television shows—is displayed using a collection of ____.
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security patches
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Most operating systems have security features available, such as an option to automatically download and install ____ from the operating system's manufacturer on a regular basis.
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hotspots
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A growing number of college campuses have wireless ____ on campus that allow students to use their PCs to connect wirelessly to the college network and the Internet from anywhere on campus.
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Application software
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____ includes all the programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a computer, such as writing a letter.
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word
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A computer ____ is the amount of data (measured in bits or bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time.
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Random access
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____ means that data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order.
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Laser printers
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____ are the standard for business documents and come in both personal and network styles.
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uniform resource locator (URL)
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Similar to the way an IP address or domain name uniquely identifies a computer on the Internet, a ____ uniquely identifies a Web page.
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software license
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When a software program is purchased, the buyer is acquiring a(n) ____ that permits him or her to use the software.
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Flash memory
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____ is a type of nonvolatile memory into which data can be stored and retrieved.
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computer network
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A ____ is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together so that users can share hardware, software, and data, as well as electronically communicate with each other.
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Plug and Play
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Most computers today support the ____ standard, in which the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the PC is powered up.
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firewall
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Most operating systems have security features available, such as an integrated ____ to protect against unauthorized access via the Internet.
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throughput
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The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus's ____ or bandwidth; that is, the amount of data that can be transferred via the bus in a given period of time.
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2
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Each place value in a binary number represents ____ taken to the appropriate power.
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software
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The term ____ refers to the programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do.
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ALU
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The ____ is the section of the CPU that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.
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pixel
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With bitmapped images, the color of each ____ is represented by bits; the more bits used, the better the image quality.
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utility
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System software is usually divided into two categories: operating system software and ____ programs.
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disk defragmentation
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Rearranging the data on the hard drive so all files are stored in contiguous locations is called ____.
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authentication systems
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As shown in the accompanying figure, the computer is used extensively for access control at many organizations, such as ____ that allow individuals to enter the office building, punch in or out of work, or access the company network by providing the proper credentials or being authenticated via a fingerprint or hand scan.
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modems
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Two of the most common types of communications hardware are ____ and network adapters.
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file extension
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Filenames almost always contain a ____ at the end of the filename.
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disk caching
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A strategy for speeding up hard drive performance is ____.
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tape drive
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One type of PC storage device that uses sequential access is a ____.
