intro to disease chapter 1-5 – Flashcards
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an abnormality in or mutation of a gene may produce
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genetic diseases
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the concept of care that affirms life and neither hastens nor postpones death is the
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hospice philosophy
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what is responsible for stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies
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antigens
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predisposing factors related to lifestyle include
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smoking, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and risky sexual behavior
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the concept of medical care that focuses on the needs of the whole spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional
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the holistic concept
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when the immune system reacts appropriately to an antigen and homeostasis is maintained, the process is called
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immunocompetence
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cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the common characteristic of
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uncontrolled cell proliferation
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the goal of cancer treatment is to
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eradicate every cancer cell in the body
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allergic disease is a hypersensitivity of the body to
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ordinary harmless substances
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a sex-linked recessive abnormal gene is only located on the
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x-chromosome
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what is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease that affects the joints. it commonly causes deformity and disability.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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muscular dystrophy is caused by
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genetic defect
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what are those that occur when the immune system is compromised
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opportunistic infections
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what is one of the most common immunodeficiency diseases in the world
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HIV/AIDS
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active immunity is acquired when a person
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has a disease
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what is part of the natural defense system against infection that the body possesses
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chemical barriers
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if a child is born with tetralogy of fallot how many actual heart defects are present?
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4
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when a person is diagnosed with leukemia, there will be
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an increase in white blood cells
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the most progressive form of muscular dystrophy is
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Duchenne
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one method of preventing epidemics of contagious diseases is to administer
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immunizations
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the cause of congenital defects can be
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genetic, non-genetic or both
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down syndrome is caused by
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a chromosomal abnormality
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Cystic fibrosis, a chronic dysfunction of the exocrine glands, primarily attacks the
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lungs and digestive system
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causes of prematurity include
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incompetent cervix, bicornuate uterus, and premature rupture of membranes
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a congenital spinal defect in which there is herniation of spinal cord and meninges exists is called a
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myelomeningocele
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the group of diseases that occur when antibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells is
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autoimmune diseases
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symptoms of fever, joint pain, malaise, weight loss, and the characteristic butterfly rash are indications of
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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T-cell lymphocytes are produced in the
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thymus gland
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what is an ordered arrangement of photographs of a full chromosome set.
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a karyotype
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the master gland of the endocrine system is the
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pituitary gland
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insulin and glucagon are produced by
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the pancreas
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treatment of diabetes mellitus includes
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a calculated diet, exercise, insulin administration (if needed), blood and urine testing
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hypersecretion of hGH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring after puberty is called
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acromegaly
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dysfunction of the endocrine system results in
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decreased or increased secretion of hormones
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severe hypothyroidism or myxedema has its onset during
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older childhood and adulthood
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increased metabolism, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, insomnia, weight loss, increased perspiration, and outward protrusion of the eyeballs are signs and symptoms of
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graves disease
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what is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by inadequate production of insulin or faculty utilization of insulin by the cells.
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diabetes mellitus
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the insertion of a tymphanostomy tube as a treatment of otitis media is called
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myringotomy
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what is described as a painful loss of surface epithelium or outer layers of the cornea
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a corneal abrasion
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what is a inflammation of the middle ear with signs and symptoms of: feeling of fullness or pressure, impaired hearing, pain, drainage, fever, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness
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otitis media
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what is an atypical accumulation and hardening of cerumen in the canal of the outer ear
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impacted cerumen
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a defect in the _______ results in difficulty in visual detection of color and fine detail.
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cones
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the sensor receptor cells that function best in dim light and enable night vision are
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rods
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the two types of hearing loss or deafness are referred to as
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conductive and sensorineural
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how many extrinsic muscles control the movements of the eye
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6
