question

When marketers introduce an innovative product or idea, they act as agents of change.

answer

true

question

The manner in and amount which people consume, the priority of needs and wants they attempt to satisfy, and the manner in which they satisfy them are functions of their culture.

answer

true

question

Markets constantly change; they are not static but evolve, expand, and contract in response to marketing effort, economic conditions, and other cultural influences

answer

true

question

As countries move from agricultural to industrial to services economies, birthrates increase.

answer

false

question

According to traditional definitions, culture is transmitted from generation to generation.

answer

true

question

According to James Day Hodgson, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, culture is like a "thicket" that is tough to get through, but effort and patience often leads to success.

answer

true

question

Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede argues that culture provides a guide for humans on how to think and behave.

answer

true

question

Acculturation refers to the process of becoming an agent of change by innovating.

answer

false

question

According to Jared Diamond, a professor of physiology, innovations spread faster north to south than east to west.

answer

false

question

According to Phillip Parker, a marketing professor, there are strong correlations between latitude and the per capita GDP of countries.

answer

true

question

Much of American trade policy has depended on the happenstance of cotton being the original source of the Virginia colony's economic survival in the 1600s. `

answer

false

question

For most of the 20th century, the predominant approach to governance in the world was colonialism.

answer

false

question

In the context of social institutions such as families, the ratio of male to female children is scarcely affected by culture.

answer

false

question

Marketers with little or no understanding of a religion may readily offend deeply because the influence of religion is often quite strong.

answer

true

question

For a marketer, one's own religion is most often the best guide to another's beliefs.

answer

false

question

Religion has a significant impact on the value systems of a society and the effect of value systems on marketing

answer

true

question

According to the World Bank, no country with less than fifty percent literacy has succeeded economically.

answer

true

question

The four social institutions that most strongly influence values and culture are schools, churches, families, and the media

answer

true

question

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), one of the four dimensions of culture, identified by Geert Hofstede, focuses on assertiveness and achievement.

answer

false

question

The Power Distance dimension of culture, identified by Geert Hofstede, has proven to be the most useful of the four dimensions.

answer

false

question

The Individualism/Collective index, identified by Geert Hofstede, refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest

answer

true

question

The Masculinity/Feminity Index (MAS), identified by Geert Hofstede, focuses on risk orientation.

answer

false

question

When a culture scores high on Individualism/Collectivism index, individuals fail to identify with groups.

answer

false

question

People from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores are more likely to have a general distrust of others.

answer

true

question

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores tend to have a low level of anxiety and stress.

answer

false

question

Cultures low in Uncertainty Avoidance Index take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge

answer

true

question

In the context of the elements of culture, marriage ceremonies and funerals are good examples of rituals.

answer

true

question

In some countries, language is itself thought of as a social institution, with no relation to political importance.

answer

false

question

In various cultures of the world, acceptance for hybrid grains was obtained through unplanned change.

answer

false

question

The strategy of cultural congruence involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market in a manner as similar as possible with existing cultural norms, thereby minimizing resistance.

answer

true

question

The sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is called_________.

answer

culture

question

When designing a product, the style, uses, and other related marketing activities must be made ______ if they are to be operative and meaningful.

answer

culturally acceptable

question

When marketers first introduced the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the American consumer, they performed the role of being _______ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread.

answer

agents of change

question

In the context of culture's pervasive impact, which of the following is true about birthrates?

answer

Government policies and birth control technologies have caused a decline in birthrates.

question

Which of the following actions is important for foreign marketers in order to be effective in a foreign market?

answer

Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own.

question

According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede, culture is referred to as the:

answer

"software of the mind"

question

Which of the following reflects Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede's perception of culture?

answer

it is a problem-solving tool

question

James Day Hodgson, former U.S. ambassador to Japan, describes culture as a _____ which according to him is tough to get through, but with effort and patience could often lead to success.

answer

thicket

question

According to Edward Hall's comments on culture, which of the following could hurt companies and careers in foreign markets?

answer

ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market

question

The process of adjusting to a new culture is known as:

answer

acculturation

question

Which of the following is a way individuals learn culture from social institutions?

answer

socialization

question

Most traditional definitions of _______ center around the notion that it is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned, shared by a group of people, and transmitted from generation to generation.

answer

culture

question

Mike grew up learning a great deal about his culture from his school, the church, the mass media, and his family. this kind of learning of culture is called:

answer

socialization

question

Mervin is excited about his new home in the Phillippines. Though native of Los Angeles, he has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in his previous home or workplace. He will go through what is known as _______ as he adjusts to living in the Phillipines.

answer

acculturation

question

Family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations are all examples of a:

answer

social institution

question

Which of the following is true with respect to Professor Jared Diamond's ideas regarding the influence of geography on history and cultural values?

answer

Historically, innovations spread faster east to west than north to south.

question

Which of the following thinkers is famous for his statement on the deep influence of geography on history, economics, and consumer behavior?

answer

Phillip Parker

question

New cola alternatives (Mecca Cola, Muslim Up. Arab Cola, and ColaTurka) sprang up after the military conflicts in the middle East in 2003. This is an example that shows how:

answer

specific events in history can influence consumer behavior

question

Which of the following technological innovations has had a great impact on the gender-based determining of responsibilities and roles?

answer

birth control pills

question

Which of the following is an unfavorable outcome of the usage of birth control pills?

answer

schools are forced to address issues like abstinence and condom distribution

question

The _______ in India is a social institution that influences the roles and status positions found within Indian society.

answer

Caste system

question

One of the advantages of the emergence of gender equality is the _______ gap between the sexes being narrowed in many places around the world.

answer

education

question

In most cultures, the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes the form of a:

answer

religious institution

question

Numerous studies indicate a direct link between the literacy rate of a country and its:

answer

capability for rapid economic growth

question

What has been the impact on American culture, of women joining the workforce in growing numbers for the past thirty years?

answer

A reduction in the influence of family in the American culture.

question

Which of the following social institutions is considered to have had a detrimental effect on American culture?

answer

media

question

Which of the following social institutions that influence culture has comparatively the least impact on culture?

answer

government

question

Governments influence thinking and behavior through the:

answer

enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors

question

Which of the following social institutions introduce innovations to society?

answer

Corporations

question

Which of the following is the main reason for corporations being the forerunners of innovations in society?

answer

The access they have to ideas from around the world.

question

The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by:

answer

Geert Hofstede

question

In the context of linguistic distance, which of the following languages is the most distant from English?

answer

Thai

question

In the context cultural values, the ______ index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest

answer

individualism/collectivism

question

The Uncertainty Avoidance index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ______ among members of a society.

answer

ambiguity

question

On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to be:

answer

hierarchical

question

Wayne is working at the overseas branch of his organization. He needs some clarification about a project. He approaches a senior manager thinking he would get a good explanation. However, he is instructed to follow protocol and sent away. Also, he is informed that only team leads are allowed to approach senior managers. This implies that the organization has a ______ score.

answer

high Power Distance index

question

People from which of the following cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate?

answer

Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score.

question

Cultures with high ______ scores tend to have a high level of anxiety and stress and a concern with security and rule following.

answer

Uncertainty Avoidance index

question

Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance index:

answer

take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.

question

For a culture, a low score in the ______ reflects more egalitarian views.

answer

Power Distance index

question

Which of the following terms pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups?

answer

collectivism

question

Cultural values can predict such consumer behaviors as ______ and impulsive buying

answer

word-of-mouth communications

question

Based on the individualism/Collectivism Index, in which of the following cultures will the "virtual social" activity of online chatting be most acceptable?

answer

one in which individualism reigns supreme

question

Hofstede's data on cultural values suggest that:

answer

diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance.

question

In the context of the elements of culture, rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are:

answer

learned and repeated

question

The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is:

answer

communication

question

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which of the following countries best exemplifies the above statement?

answer

France

question

In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, ______, is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions.

answer

linguistic distance

question

Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the amount of trade between countries because:

answer

crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs.

question

The aesthetics of a culture must be taken into account by marketers when:

answer

styling the product and its packaging

question

Feng shui is a Chinese ______, considered to be the process that links humans and the universe to ch'i, the energy that sustains life and flows through out bodies and surroundings, in and around our homes and workplaces.

answer

belief

question

Based on Richard Nisbett's metaphor involving Confucius's worthy picture, what is his analysis regarding the thought process or perceptual process of Westerners?

answer

Westerners can provide great details about central figures but see relatively little in the background

question

_______ refers to being attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated.

answer

cultural sensitivity

question

______ is a responsibility effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems.

answer

cultural borrowing

question

To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _______.

answer

empathy

question

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by a culture?

answer

the degree of interest in the particular subject

question

With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that:

answer

hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive

question

Modern medicine has thrived in the United States together with the use of herbal remedies from South America. This is an example of:

answer

cultural borrowing

question

_______ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance

answer

cultural congruence

question

The strategy of _______ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals.

answer

planned change

question

Marketing strategy is judged culturally in terms of _______.

answer

acceptance, resistance, or rejection

question

The first step in bringing about planned change in a society is to:

answer

determine which cultural factors conflict with an innovation.

question

Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _______, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product.

answer

cultural congruence

question

Nexar Energy is advoating the use of solar power to replace all petroleum-based energy sources. The company holds demonstrations to show how solar power could be used in all major petroleum-based products -- automobiles, power sources, and heating and cooling. Nexar Energy is employing a strategy of ________, a deliberate attempt to change the way we do things with respect to energy sources.

answer

planned change

question

The Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. This is an example of ______ change.

answer

unplanned

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