question

An understanding of the origins and differences of culture will help international marketers:

answer

Foresee changes in current markets of operation

question

Michele Phillips has just begun to understand French culture, even though she has lived in France for two years. She is nearly fluent in French. However, learning to live in France will take some time. The process of how a person learns and adjusts to a new culture is called.

answer

Acculturation

question

In the context of social institutions, the _____ of a country is a potent force in economic development

answer

Literacy rate

question

In the context of Hofstede's four dimensions, the _____ Index measures the tolerance of social inequality within a social system.

answer

Power Distance

question

The adoption of yoga as a means of physical fitness in the U.S. demonstrates:

answer

Cultural borrowing

question

_____ deals with a group's design for living

answer

Culture

question

The manner in and amount which people consume, the priority of needs and wants they attempt to satisfy, and the manner in which they satisfy them are functions of their _____ and temper, mold, and dictate their style of living.

answer

Culture

question

______ is the human - made part of human environment - the sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society.

answer

Culture

question

Markets are the result of the ________ of a marketer's efforts, economic conditions, and all other elements of the culture

answer

three-way interaction

question

______ affects every part of our lives, every day, from birth to death, and everything in between.

answer

Culture

question

As countries move from agricultural to industrial to services economies, ______ decline.

answer

Birthrates

question

Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede refers to culture as the "_________"

answer

Software of the mind

question

Most traditional definitions of ______ center around the notion that _____ is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation

answer

Culture

question

The expression "_______" recognizes that large collectives of people can, to a great degree, be like minded.

answer

A culture

question

Measures the tolerance of social inequality, and its, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system.

answer

Power Distance Index

question

Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society

answer

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

question

Cultural values can predict such consumer behaviors as ______ and impulsive buying

answer

Word-of-mouth communications

question

Linguistic distance is an important factor that helps in determining differences in values across countries and the among of trade between countries because:

answer

crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs

question

Hofstede's data on cultural values suggest that:

answer

Diffusion of innovations will be slower in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance.

question

What is the most important factor in determining what kind and how much of an innovation will be accepted by culture?

answer

The degree of interest in the particular subject

question

According to Edward Hall's comments on culture, which of the following could hurt companies and careers in foreign markets?

answer

Ignorance of cultural differences in the foreign market

question

Governments influence thinking and behavior through the:

answer

Enforcement of a variety of laws affecting consumption and marketing behaviors

question

With regard to resistance to change, observations indicate that those innovations most readily accepted are those that:

answer

Hold the greatest interest within the society and those that are least disruptive

question

Based on the Individualism/Collectivism Index, in which culture will the "virtual social" activity of online chatting be most acceptable?

answer

One in which individualism reigns supreme

question

When marketers first introduced the personal digital assistant (PDA) to the American consumer, they performed the role of being ______ because the cultural impact of the product became widespread.

answer

Agents of change

question

Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance index:

answer

Take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge

question

In the context cultural values, the _____ index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self interest

answer

Individualism/Collectivism

question

What term pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups?

answer

Collectivism

question

When designing a product, the style, uses, and other related marketing activities must be made _____ if they are to be operative and meaningful.

answer

culturally acceptable

question

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. What country best exemplifies this statement?

answer

France

question

In the context of the relationship between language and international marketing, recent studies indicate that a new concept, _____ , is proving useful to marketing researchers in market segmentation and strategic entry decisions.

answer

Linguistic distance

question

The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from work done by:

answer

Geert Hofstede

question

The sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is called ______

answer

Culture

question

Which technological innovation has had a great impact on the gender-based determining of responsibilities and roles?

answer

Birth Control Pills

question

Which social institution that influences culture has comparatively the least impact on culture?

answer

Government

question

According to Dutch management professor Geert Hofstede, culture is referred to as the:

answer

Software of the mind

question

In most cultures, the first social institution infants are exposed to outside the home takes the form of a :

answer

Religious instition

question

The anthropologist, Edward T. Hall tells us that culture is:

answer

Communication

question

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and _____ among members of a society

answer

Ambiguity

question

One of the advantages of the emergence of gender equality is the ______ gap between the sexes being narrowed in many places around the world.

answer

Education

question

Morton Foods has decided to introduce a new line of turkey products to the American consumer. Turkey steaks resemble beefsteak in taste but are made from turkey meat, and are leaner and healthier for a variety of reasons. However, the company is concerned that the product will not be accepted in America. If Morton Foods follows a strategy of _____, they are more likely to have a successful introduction of the new product.

answer

Cultural Congruence

question

What action is important for foreign marketers in order to be effective in a foreign market?

answer

Learning to appreciate the intricacies of cultures different from their own

question

The strategy of ______ deliberately sets out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals.

answer

Planned change

question

What is the main reason for corporations being the forerunners of innovations in society?

answer

The access they have to ideas from around the world

question

In the context of the elements of culture, rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are:

answer

Learned and repeated

question

Which social institutions is considered to have had a detrimental effect on American culture?

answer

Media

question

Mervin is excited about his new home in the Philippines. Though native of Los Angeles, he has been given the opportunity to learn about a new culture, form new friendships, and capitalize on opportunities that were not available in his previous home or workplace. He will go through what is known as _____ as he adjusts to living in the Philippines

answer

Acculturation

question

To the foreign marketer, the similar-but-different feature of cultures has important meaning in gaining cultural _____

answer

Empathy

question

What was the Dutch management professor, Geert Hofstede's perception of culture?

answer

It is a problem-solving tool

question

_____ refers to a strategy that involves marketing products similar to ones already on the market thereby minimizing resistance.

answer

Cultural congruence

question

Culture resides in the individuals ______

answer

mind

question

The best international marketers will not only appreciate the cultural differences pertinent to their businesses, but they will also understand the ______ of these differences.

answer

Origins

question

Humans make ______ to changing environments through _________

answer

Adaptations, Innovation

question

Individuals learn culture from social institutions through ______ and ______

answer

socialization , acculturation

question

Socialization Means

answer

Growing Up

question

Acculturation Means

answer

Adjusting to a new culture

question

People make decisions about consumption and production through ______ of their cultural-based knowledge

answer

application

question

The impact of specific events in _____ can be seen reflected in technology, social institutions, cultural values, and even consumer behavior.

answer

History

question

Book published by Adam Smith in 1776

answer

A Wealth of Nations

question

The ________ still affects consumption patterns around the world

answer

post-War baby boom

question

For most of the 20th century, four approaches to governance competed for world dominance. They are:

answer

Fascism Communism Democracy/free enterprise

question

Fascism fell in

answer

1945

question

Communism crumbled in the

answer

1990s

question

Include family, religion, school, the media, government, and corporations all affect the ways in which people relate to one another, organize their activities to live in harmony with one another, teach acceptable behavior to succeeding generations, and govern themselves

answer

Social Institutions

question

The roles and status positions found within a society are influenced by the ____ of social institutions.

answer

Dictates

question

The technology of _____ has tremendously affected families and reduced family sizes around the world.

answer

Birth control

question

______ is one of the most important institutions, affects all aspects of the culture, from economic development to customer behaviro

answer

Education

question

The ______ of a country is a potent force in economic development.

answer

Literacy Rate

question

What are the four social institutions that most strongly influence values and culture?

answer

Schools Churches Families Media

question

Most innovations are introduced to societies by ____, many times multinational _______.

answer

Companies

question

What are the five elements of culture?

answer

values rituals symbols beliefs thought processes

question

The importance of things and ideas

answer

Cultural values

question

Underlying the cultural diversity that exists among countries are fundamental differences in _________

answer

Cultural Values

question

The most useful information on how cultural values influence various types of business and market behavior comes from seminal work of _________

answer

Geert Hofstede

question

Hofstede determined that nations differ along four primary dimensions:

answer

The Individualism/Collective Index (IDV), Which focuses on self orientation The Power Distance Index (PDI), Which focuses on authority orientation The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), Which focuses on risk orientation The Masculinity/Femininity Index (MAS), Which focuses on assertiveness and achievement

question

The ______ dimension has proven the most useful of the four dimension, justifying entire books on the subject

answer

Individualism/Collectivism

question

Which of Hofstede's four dimensions has proven least useful?

answer

The Masculinity/Femininity Index (MAS)

question

The ________ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest

answer

The Individualism/Collective Index (IDV)

question

Cultures that score high in Individualism/Collective Index (IDV) reflect an "___" mentality and tend to reward and accept individual initiative, whereas those low in individualism reflect a "____" mentality and generally subjugate the individual to the group.

answer

I, We

question

IDV

answer

The Individualism/Collective Index

question

PDI

answer

The Power Distance Index

question

UAI

answer

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index

question

MAS

answer

The Masculinity/Femininity Index

question

The ______ Index measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system

answer

The Power Distance Index

question

Cultures with High ______ scores are highly intolerant of ambiguity and as a result tend to be distrustful of new ideas or behaviors

answer

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index

question

Life is filled with ____, that is, patterns of behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated.

answer

Rituals

question

Marriage ceremonies and funerals are good examples of _____

answer

Rituals

International Marketing – Ch. 4 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards