International Management, 8e (Deresky) CH. 3(dbp) – Flashcards
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Cultural intelligence is also known as ________.
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cultural quotient
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________ is an outsider's seemingly natural ability to interpret someone's unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures in just the way that person's compatriots and colleagues would
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Cultural intelligence
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________ is the awareness of and an honest caring about another individual's culture.
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Cultural empathy
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Cultural sensitivity is also known as ________.
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cultural empathy
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International managers can benefit greatly from cultural sensitivity because it ________.
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enables them to develop appropriate policies
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Global managers who exhibit cultural intelligence and cultural sensitivity will most likely be able to ________.
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negotiate effectively in expatriate assignments
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is a primary reason for failed expatriate assignments
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cross-cultural differences
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________ comprises the shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals that over time are passed on and imposed by members of a group or society.
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Culture
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Globalization, in all its forms of personal and business contacts and information crossing borders, brings about changes that result in ________.
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cultural diffusion
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When immigrants adopt some aspects of the local culture while keeping aspects of their culture of origin, this process is called ________.
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creolization
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What is NOT categorized as a sociocultural variable of culture?
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economy
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What represents the expectations, norms, and goals held in common by members of a specific company or group?
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organizational culture
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An organization where employees typically wear casual clothes and interact casually is most likely to have a(n) ________ organizational culture.
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informal
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What is a drawback of organizational culture?
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resistance to change
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What is an advantage of organizational culture
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long-term commitment
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________ is the phenomenon of the shifting of individual management styles to become more similar to one another.
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Convergence
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The unconscious reference point of one's own cultural values is called a(n) ________
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self-reference criterion
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The first step for an international manager toward cultural sensitivity should be to ________.
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understand his or her own culture
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What term refers to the expectation that foreigners should automatically fall into host-country patterns of behavior
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parochialism
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________ refers to the belief that the practices of one's own country are best no matter where or under what conditions they are applied.
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Ethnocentrism
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An international manager can best develop an understanding of a particular culture by ________.
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creating a cultural profile for that country or region in which the firm does business
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According to contingency management, international managers need to ________.
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adapt their management styles to the local setting and people
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Canada consists of distinct groups such as Anglophones, Francophones, and indigenous Canadians. This is an example of ________.
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subculture
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________ refers to the assumption that every member of a society or subculture has the same characteristics or traits without regard to individual differences.
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Stereotyping
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Stereotyping should most likely be avoided by international managers because ________.
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many cultures have diverse subcultures
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According to Harris and Moran, what is NOT a category that forms the subsystems in any society
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societal system
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The main purpose of Harris and Moran's eight categories is ________.
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to show how subsystems in a society affect an individual's behavior
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According to Harris and Moran's eight categories, a kinship system refers to the influence of ________.
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family relationships
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Which subsystems is most likely to underlie both moral and economic norms
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religious system
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What refers to a society's ideas and convictions about what is good or bad and right or wrong
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values
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What is a cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project team
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power distance
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Austria and Germany value competition and have a "can-do" attitude. Therefore, according to the GLOBE project, Austria and Germany are most likely to be ________ societies.
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assertive
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What is true of a future-oriented country
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It focuses on longer time horizon for decisions.
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According to the GLOBE project, which cultural dimensions refers to how much people in a society are expected to be tough, confrontational, and competitive versus modest and tender
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assertiveness
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People in Singapore and Denmark are inclined toward long-term planning. According to the GLOBE project, such societies score high on ________.
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future orientation
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Managers from Singapore, New Zealand, and Hong Kong tend to take initiative and have a sense of urgency, and the confidence to get things done. According to the GLOBE project, such managers score high on the cultural dimension of ________.
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performance orientation
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Workplaces in high power distance cultures will most likely be characterized by ________.
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autocratic leadership
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which countries would an autocratic style of leadership be most effective
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high power distance countries
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According to Hofstede, societies that accept strong hierarchical boss-subordinate relationships are high on ________.
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power distance
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According to Hofstede, the extent to which subordinates accept a hierarchical system in a company is known as ________.
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power distance
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What Hofstede variables is associated with a strong sense of nationalism
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uncertainty avoidance
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According to Hofstede, the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family and to place less emphasis on the needs of the society is known as ________.
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individualism
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Based on Hofstede's value dimensions, countries that have strict laws and procedures to which their people adhere closely most likely have ________.
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high uncertainty avoidance
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Based on Hofstede's value dimensions, countries in which nationalism is less pronounced, protests are tolerated, and job mobility is common are high on ________.
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uncertainty avoidance
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According to Hofstede, tight social frameworks, emotional dependence on belonging to the organization, and a strong belief in group decisions are characteristics of ________.
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collectivism
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What is a primary characteristic of masculine societies
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assertiveness
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What is true of countries with low masculinity
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more women in high-level jobs
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What is NOT one of Trompenaars' s value dimensions
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intrinsic versus extrinsic
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According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, what is true of the universalistic approach
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It emphasizes applying rules and systems objectively
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Based on Trompenaars's value dimensions, what is a characteristic of the particularistic approach
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obligation toward relationships
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In which of the following societies are people more likely to pass on inside information to a friend
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particularistic
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According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, what focuses on the emotional orientation of relationships
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neutral versus affective
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Managers from Italy and Mexico would most likely express their emotions openly during a business situation, while managers from England and Japan would most likely consider such behavior unprofessional. Which of Trompenaars's value dimensions explains this difference in behavior and attitude
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neutral versus affective
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Based on Trompenaars's value dimensions, in which of the following cultures do managers separate their work and private lives, and tend to be open and direct when communicating with coworkers
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specific-oriented
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Which of the following Trompenaars's value dimensions explains the source of power and status in society?
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achievement versus ascription
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According to Trompenaars's value dimensions, if you are born and raised in an achievement society, your source of status will most likely be based upon your ________.
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level of education
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Which of the following is true of the way Arabs view time?
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Arabs believe important decisions cannot be rushed
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Which of the following is true of the attitude toward work in Mexican culture?
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Leisure time is more important than work
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Which of the following factors can cause changes in traditional, non-Western societies
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media exposure
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Which of the following is NOT a critical operational value difference
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etiquette
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Which of the following factors primarily determines how the Internet is used in different countries?
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local attitude to information privacy
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The European view of information privacy most likely stems from its ________.
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culture and history
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Based on the study conducted by Harris and Moran, which of the following is NOT a workplace behavior of most Americans
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following a formal culture
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Arab culture
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imposition of deadlines
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Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of the Arab culture?
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open admission of mistakes
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Which of the following is likely to cause offense in Saudi Arabia?
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introducing business subjects too soon
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With regard to small family businesses in China, a "guanxi" can be best described as a ________.
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network of relationships centered on mutual obligations and favors
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Which of the following is a predominant characteristic of the Chinese management style?
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paternalism
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Cultural intelligence is also known as cultural quotient. True or False?
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True
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Cultural sensitivity requires the willingness to put oneself in another's shoes. True or False?
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True
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Creolization is the process where immigrants completely disregard all aspects of the local culture. True or False?
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False
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Organizational culture tends to be stronger than societal culture. True or False?
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FALSE
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Contingency management requires managers to adapt to the local environment and people, and to manage accordingly. True or False?
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True
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Values are a society's ideas about what is good or bad. True or False?
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True
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According to the GLOBE project team, highly assertive societies emphasize loyalty and solidarity. True or False?
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False
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Future-oriented societies tend to place more emphasis on instant gratification. True or False?
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False
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Performance-oriented societies tend to take initiative and have the confidence to get things done. True or False?
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True
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Humane orientation measures the extent to which a society takes part in self-enhancement. True or False?
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False
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Paternalism and patronage are important in humane-oriented societies. True or False?
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True
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High power distance usually results in a centralized structure and autocratic leadership. True or False?
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True
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Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations. True or False?
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True
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Achievement and personal capabilities are valued in collectivistic societies. True or False?
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False
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Social loafing is common in a collectivistic society. True or False?
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False
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Assertiveness and materialism are values of a masculine society. True or False?
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True
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In specific-oriented cultures, work spills over into personal relationships and vice versa. True or False?
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False
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In an ascription-oriented society, the source of status and influence is based on how well one performs the job and what level of education and experience one has to offer. True or False?
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False
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Arabs avoid open admission of error at all costs because weakness is a failure to be manly. True or False?
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True
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Chinese management style focuses on human-centeredness, family-centeredness, centralization of power, and small size. True or False?
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True
