Inorganic Chemistry Test Answers – Flashcards
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| What is the order of the scientific method? |
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| observation, empirical facts(data) collected, summarize in scientific laws, hypothesis, and theories |
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| What are molecules? |
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| particles that contain 2 or more atoms |
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| What are physical properties? |
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| can be measured without altering chemical composition |
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| Which is dependent on sample size: intesive or extensive properties? |
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| extensive properties are depenedent |
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| What is a compound? |
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| elements combined in fixed proportions |
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| What is a one-phase mixture? |
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| a solution and is homogenous |
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| What is Dalton's atomic theory? |
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| atoms may change partners, but can neither be created or destroyed |
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| What is another name for the Group 1A elements? |
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| alkali metals |
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| What is another name for GroupIIA? |
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| alkaline earth metals |
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| What is another name for group VIIA? |
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| halogens |
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| What is another name for VIIIA(18) |
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| noble gases |
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| What is an isotope? |
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| atoms of the same element with different atomic masses. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of NEUTRONS in their nuclei. |
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What are the four diatomic molecules? |
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H2,O2, N2, Cl2 |
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| What are hydrates? |
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| solids that contain water molecules in definite proportions |
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| What does aqueous solution mean? |
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| dissolved in water |
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| What can all forms of energy be converted into? |
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| heat |
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| What is heat? |
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| energy that is transferred between objects because of their difference in temp. |
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| What is the definition of temperature? |
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| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object |
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| How are molecules held together? |
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| with chemical bonds |
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| Which measurements require numerical measurements: qualitative or quantitative? |
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| quantitative |
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| How do u calculate specific gravity? |
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| the density of the substance divided by the density of water |
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| What is Avogadro's number? |
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| 6.022 X 10^23 |
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| What is formula mass? What is another name for it? |
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| the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms appearing in a chemical formula (molecular mass) |
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| What is an empirical formula? What type of compounds is it written for? |
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| gives the ratio of atoms in the smallest whole numbers - used for ionic compounds |
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| What is limiting reactant? |
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| a reactant taken in a quantity less than reuired by another reactant, as told by the stoichiometry |
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| What is the actual yield of a product? |
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| how much is isolated in moles or mass units (measured quantity) |
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| What is the theorectical yield of a product? |
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| what must be obtained if no losses occur (calculated quantity) |
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| What is the percentage yield? |
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| actual yield divided by the theoretical yield all multiplied by 100 |
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| What are characteristics of unsaturated solutions? |
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| unstable and tend to givce precipitate |
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| What is the def. of solubility? |
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| the amount of solute required to give a saturated solution at a given temperature |
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| If a concentrated solution of a known molarity was going to be dilluted quantitatively, what relationship applies? |
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| V1 X M1 = V2 X M2 |
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| What are electrolytes? |
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| substances that dissociate or ionize in water to produce cations and ions |
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| What are strong electrolytes? |
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| ionic compounds that ocmpletely dissociate into ions in water |
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| What do you elimanate in a net ionic equation? |
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| spectator ions |
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| What is an ionic or net ionic equation balanced? |
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| when both the atoms and net charge are balanced |
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| What do acidic anhydrides do? |
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| react wit water to give acids |
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| What is produced wen acids react with bases in neutralization reactions? |
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| salt and water |
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| Salts are strong __________. |
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| electrolytes |
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| What is a titration used for? |
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| to make quantitative measurements of the amounts of solutions needed to obtain a complete reation |
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| How is the endpoint of a titration normally indicated? |
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| by the acid-base indicator |
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| What happens to the electrons in oxidation? |
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| they are lost or increase in oxidation number |
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| What happens to electrons in a reduction? |
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| they are gained... oxidation number goes down |
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| What is the substance oxidized called? |
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| reducing agent |
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| What is the substance reduced called? |
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| oxidizing agent |
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| WWhat is the definition of oxidation? |
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| an algebraic increase in oxidation number |
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| What is the definition of reduction? |
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| a decrease in oxidation number |
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| In non-oxidizing acids, what is the strongest oxidizing agent? |
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| H+ |
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| What is combustion? |
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| the rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen |
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| What is often used in redox titrations? y? |
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| potassium permaganate... powerful oxidizing agent |
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| What happens to heat when the system is exothermic? |
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| the heat leaves the system |
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| Define pressure. |
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| the ratio of force applied to the area over which it is applied |
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| What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
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| no matter how the change in energy accompanying a reaction may be allocated between q and w, their sum is the same, (change in )E......... (change in)E = q + w |
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| What is the algebraic sign for q and w when the system gives off heat or does work on surroundings? |
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| negative |
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| When the system absorbs heat or receives work energy done to it, what is the sign? |
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| positive |
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| What are ionic bonds? |
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| forces of attraction between positive and negative ions |
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| What is lattice energy? |
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| the energy required to completely separate the ions of an ionic compound |
